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<mods:title id="D6B44370197A5AA822FA296BD3C87DC9">Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5EFCD5EC08AA4FA605938A1D315BB3B3">Al-Handal, Adil Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CC974B7F38E8FE190EDE3EEC052C42D2">Pennesi, Chiara</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E5720FB1677EF16D4CD26AF88586CEE1">Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italia</mods:affiliation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9AF12CFF832F79FF61F42CFDC0FB93" author="Smith, W." box="[136,558,1024,1049]" page=")" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" year="1857">
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF832F79FF61F42CFEBEFB93" bold="true" box="[136,336,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">Amphora marina</emphasis>
W. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF832F79FE95F42CFDC0FB93" author="Smith, W." box="[380,558,1024,1049]" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref27302" refString="Smith, W. (1857) Notes on an excursion to the Pyrennes in search of Diatomaceae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 19: 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 037454809494484" type="journal article" year="1857">Smith (1857: 7)</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="1300CBB8FF832F79FDD4F42CFD60FB93" box="[573,654,1024,1049]" captionStart="FIGURES 75–90" captionStartId="24.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,190,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-17@24.[189,1399,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 75–90. Marine benthic diatoms in coral reefs off Basra. Figs 75, 76. Amphora grevilleana, Figs 77, 78. Amphora janischii, Figs 79, 80. Amphora maletracta var. constricta, Fig. 81. Amphora marina, Fig. 82. Amphora mexicana, Figs 83, 84. Amphora ocellata, Figs 85,86. Tetramphora ostrearia, Figs 87,88. Tetramphora rhombica, Fig. 89. Amphora spectabilis, Fig. 90. Amphora sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13728838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13728838/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF832F79FF61F40AFF1EFBB1" box="[136,240,1062,1083]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">References</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF832F79FF16F40AFE46FBB1" author="Hein, M. K. &amp; Winsborough, B. M. &amp; Sullivan, M. J." box="[255,424,1062,1083]" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 303" refId="ref24413" refString="Hein, M. K., Winsborough, B. M. &amp; Sullivan, M. J. (2008) Bacillariophyta (diatoms) of the Bahamas. Iconographia Diatomologica 19: 1 - 303." type="journal article" year="2008">
Hein 
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF832F79FEDCF40AFE89FBB1" box="[309,359,1062,1083]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008
</bibRefCitation>
: p. 44, fig. 19: 4; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF832F79FDB0F40AFCD4FBB1" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D." box="[601,826,1062,1083]" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 925" refId="ref27775" refString="Witkowski, A., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Metzeltin, D. (2000) Diatom Flora of Marine Coasts Iconographia Diatomologica 7: 1 - 925." type="book chapter" year="2000">
Witkowski 
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF832F79FD20F40AFD15FBB1" box="[713,763,1062,1083]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
, 2000
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 144, pl. 162, figs 8–14; pl. 166, figs 9–11; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF832F79FAEFF40AFA61FBB1" author="Levkov, Z." box="[1286,1423,1062,1083]" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" refId="ref25466" refString="Levkov, Z. (2009) Amphora sensu lato. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (Ed.) Diatoms of Europe. Diatoms of the European inland waters and comparable habitats. Vol. 5. A. R. G. Ganter Verlag, Konigstein, Germany, Liechtenstein, pp. 916." type="journal volume" year="2009">Levkov, 2009</bibRefCitation>
: p. 80–81, Pl. 76, fig. 7.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF832F79FF61F4BCFF04FB23" box="[136,234,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">Features</emphasis>
: Length 30–52 μm, width 9–11 μm, striae 
<quantity id="4CC37AD8FF832F79FD24F4BCFCDEFB23" box="[717,816,1168,1193]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" unit="in" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18–20 in</quantity>
10 μm on the dorsal margin and 
<quantity id="4CC37AD8FF832F79FB4AF4BCFAE8FB23" box="[1187,1286,1168,1193]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" unit="in" value="17.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="16.0">16–18 in</quantity>
10 μm on the ventral margin.
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF832F79FF54F4F4FEAFFB7B" box="[189,321,1240,1265]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">Description</emphasis>
: valves dorsiventral with obtusely rounded apices. Dorsal margin arched, ventral margin weakly concave. Axial area narrow, central area elliptic, making small fascia on both sides. Raphe arched, proximal endings bent dorsally. Dorsal striae crossed by a hyaline band.
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF832F79FF54F568FE08FAD7" box="[189,486,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">Ecology and Distribution:</emphasis>
Widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in 
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corals.
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