treatments-xml/data/90/E9/1B/90E91BD08620595391E3513E8E367030.xml

<document id="941E91A982CC16FF8FE46C25CBDDDD38" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225" ID-ZooBank="94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80" ID-publisher-id="117225" URI-arpha="255F6420-5705-5F50-9167-509E6C76FA1C" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1721676390257" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Angus, Robert B., Maté, Jason F., Angus, Elizabeth M. &amp; Král, David" docDate="2024" docId="90E91BD08620595391E3513E8E367030" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1207: 205-299" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1207" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/117225/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Aphodius (Liothorax) isikdagensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="299" masterDocId="255F642057055F509167509E6C76FA1C" masterDocTitle="Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="299" masterPageNumber="205" pageNumber="205" updateTime="1721676524171" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="EC3C60787BC192E100016EA17EE59BCE">Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0932EB82EB8BF2858A112982827E033F">Angus, Robert B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3CA590021356A9E2945E12319E5E4565">Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F5BA9182771B46B6B2726A22D48F44F2">Maté, Jason F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A20F54E24B35418CC54F774F4A74292F">c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CE5D24138DA0C9306D604D8BF5BF5BB5">Angus, Elizabeth M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E26CEB65EC5BD329FFA5D803DC3DC250">Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AEECDC4BEBCABED5E0358404C787C161">Král, David</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C50CDFC8B84259D5AFBF11C79E2B9125" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7930-1927</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E17C072F0610524314C2612B41F15B16">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="CA5A752B8B4796BE4899D048EBD5D0F9">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="31596952B7022B57095CB94A2CFC915F">2024-07-22</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E731C63C247FC44A4E161881975E6598" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="90E91BD08620595391E3513E8E367030" ID-arpha="90E91BD0-8620-5953-91E3-513E8E367030" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:90E91BD08620595391E3513E8E367030" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/90E91BD08620595391E3513E8E367030">
<subSubSection id="65870A866783F32ADA66A6D9A98A318A" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E70137CC5BF2FE8B7FC55D097F481220">
<taxonomicName id="C554E8567A6DD4E8A07692972197545C" ID-CoL="FG45" authority="(Balthasar, 1952)" baseAuthorityName="Balthasar" baseAuthorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isikdagensis" subGenus="Liothorax">
<emphasis id="447EFBD0193C92F64D52D64B3195DB08" italics="true">Aphodius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="EEE9C133BDF044ABE53FC7B6B529BDB2" italics="true">Liothorax</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="1196F35DD12AAE5391E7046F57B53F39" italics="true">isikdagensis</emphasis>
(Balthasar, 1952)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BA112B749AE69C243E82076D38DDDBEF" type="description">
<paragraph id="0B6CDEE4A66429F70F8336D0849D0A44">
<figureCitation id="046D26F8D40F5FC3EE5BE9D6A88AA0D7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a – i whole beetles a, b A. kraatzi a AF, Kabul, ♀ b KZ, Kyzil Kum c, d A. isikdagensis, TR, Ḉamildere c ♂ paratype d ♀ paratype e – g A. alberti sp. nov., TR. Rize, Ovitdagi e holotype ♂ f paratype ♂ g paratype ♀ h A. alberti?, ♂, AR, Armenia i A. isikdagensis?, ♂, TR, Artvin. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097461">Figs 3 c, d</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="7B68DD6BC0C2E0B02DA38FBCA57332ED" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a – l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b ’ detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 a, b</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12725CC6E85CAD2D4A3BF59A097D451C" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aphodius niger group, pronotal bases 2 a A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica b A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia c, d A. wilsonae, paratypes, SP, Manzanares el Real e A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097478">16 e</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="AA7A6DF2AB7D2735B3F6662F49227392" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Legs a – h A. plagiatus group, stacked photographs mid tarsi and apical portions of tibiae a A. plagiatus sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Gangca, Qinghai b A. rodrigoi sp. nov. holotype, SP, Aranjuez c A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay d A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala e A. discoides, neotype, IS, Keneitra f, g A. kraatzi f SV g RU, Karasuk, W. Siberia h A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg i – t A. niger group, mid tarsi, and tibial apices i – o SEM images p – t stacked photographs i A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn j A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi k, l A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica m, n A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia o A. wilsonae, paratype SP p, q A. felix sp. nov, IT, Abruzzo, Campo Felice p paratype q holotype r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily s A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere t A. alberti sp. nov., holotype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag u, v fore tibiae and tarsi of ♂♂ to show the spur. u A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica v A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg w, x apex of hind tibia to show the short spines w A. muscorum, HU x A. wilsonae, paratype, SP. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097482">18 s</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="3A814B47EA927A72D7A396EC3E0B4E59" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. A. niger group aedeagi, cleared preparations mounted in DMHF on slides a – g, m – o dorsoventral view h – l, p right lateral view a A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype c A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere d A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia e – f A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdag e paratype, after squashing f the same specimen, before squashing g, h, j A. alberti sp. nov., different paratypes i A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, paramere k A. isikdagensis?, TR, Artvin l A. alberti?, Armenia m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia n A. bellumgerens, paratype IT, Sicily, Nebrodi o A. wilsonae, paratype, SP, Manzanares el Real p A. muscorum, HU, Hortobági. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097494">24 c</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="0F43D90E8E7A3F278C2836F27880E414" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Spermathecae a – e A. plagiatus plagiatus a CZ, Dobre Pole b GB, Norfolk c KZ, Karaganda d, e RU, Transbaikal, Ulan Ude f, g A. p. sinoplagiatus, CN f Gansu g holotype, CN, Qinghai h, i A. discoides, TR h Kizil dag, i Muʂ j A. rutilipennis CY, Limassol distr k A. rutilipennis?, GR Thesaloniki l A. chellala, paratype, AG, Chellala m, n A. rusakovi m paratype, RU, wet but not covered n KZ, Syr-Darja o – s A. kraatzi o, p SK q RU, Astrakhan r RU, Lenkoran s AF, Kabul t A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest u A. muscorum HU, Hortobágyi v A felix, paratype, IT w, x A. bameuli, paratypes, FR y A. krelli, sp. nov., IT z A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT a ’, b ’ A. alberti sp. nov., TR paratypes c ’ A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR Ḉamildere d ’, e ’ A. wilsonae, SP d ’ paratype, SP, Madrid e ’ SP, Soria. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097499">26 c ’</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="10B4259CDFE212CD1F0D4F32F316BA24">
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<taxonomicName id="720C1CE90DDAB2CA0A6F5CF1BA567FAC" ID-CoL="FG45" authority="Balthasar, 1952: 22" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityPageNumber="22" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isikdagensis" subGenus="Ataeniomorphus">
<emphasis id="6F76EF614D038491E83962839EC8F49B" italics="true">Aphodius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="5850481B11339F610F4A1D1C3A9C0F43" italics="true">Ataeniomorphus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="3A10E2C73F01F394D73DCD042DC40FEB" italics="true">isikdagensis</emphasis>
Balthasar, 1952: 22
</taxonomicName>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZUCM" type="type material">
<paragraph id="5D0EF45012580B3990E0697B8F2997D3">
<heading id="6726B70D99ABE42CC0FC961038264374" reason="title">Type material studied.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB7F798045D787A27FD8550ACA7FDF7F">
<materialsCitation id="EF28DA710CC1A263502346F10624200B" collectorName="Dr V. Balthasar" location="Isik" municipality="Camlidere" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mus" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="423CF0CE2C50FE639E4D9516BCADA597" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="8A94FFD84F3F8B8572B220722D2C628D" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(labelled as 
<specimenCount id="4D193358DA2CD70882308EF70841435B" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, undissected), with the locality data as given above and a label “ 
<taxonomicName id="6BB092FE05C6467B56674BB2D1D89541" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isikdagensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Ataeniomorphus">
<emphasis id="A642C34A37A99342DD401232285851BB" italics="true">Aphodius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="4328D360184CD2DEB0CA2D81344F09EE" italics="true">Ataeniomorphus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="78EF67471ADA8F19E87A5FB99D4ABE25" italics="true">isikdagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A967790916D502BB927B59EF53D34866" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<collectorName id="AF33324972641E260CB3B905B43870D6">Dr V. Balthasar</collectorName>
”. At present 
<taxonomicName id="A996C372296EA80D0182FC569BBD6F3D" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isikdagensis">
<emphasis id="746A2DA0B3B329B7F548BB7CA67037B5" italics="true">A. isikdagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the type series, the 
<typeStatus id="6E80FC2F7935944BF8F31A50F8B03D8E" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 
<specimenCount id="5D572F79642AF16F90E61DB1463C073E" count="7" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">seven paratypes</specimenCount>
, one labelled as 
<specimenCount id="FCBD9B4F9AD2ADBBF1C6294BF8F505CC" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="E2381FD3862414B7A359EAB2C67F4676" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
, with the locality data 
<collectingMunicipality id="9879105057DF7B400404895CB7D8EA3B">Çamlidere</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="4D5BFDA2887820A73DC4637905FFB81F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:90E91BD08620595391E3513E8E367030:4D5BFDA2887820A73DC4637905FFB81F" municipality="Camlidere" name="Isik" stateProvince="Mus">Isik</location>
d., Anat. 23. vi. 47. Exp. N. 
<collectingRegion id="7F157FFF61ACB2B5AC36431B1A5198DF" country="Turkey" name="Mus">Mus</collectingRegion>
. ČSR
</materialsCitation>
. 
<emphasis id="BE303158334CCBD703BB45445461F821" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="7DE4ED20A2EDD894D8A6E87EF804E2D3" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 1 labelled as 
<specimenCount id="2E06F8CA041CFE06D33DDE6E71A5890A" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="3466DF1A73BE2C63D94DC1CEA7724E9B" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
and 
<specimenCount id="07814658E95FDF3FEB7872627B197C34" count="6" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">6 paratypes</specimenCount>
, noted by Balthasar as 
<specimenCount id="8C25C7AD20A9E8C0965D10EA2F33B92A" count="4" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="97CEE925A6AC2D6066668651A88BACFA" count="2" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
. Thus 
<specimenCount id="7D308C0AB075E0F24EE6F040A4E04151" count="1" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">1 paratype</specimenCount>
is unaccounted for. Balthasar does not appear to have dissected any of the types (though a male 
<typeStatus id="9DED1AA143240D53B4BF8992F7686A5E" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
had been dissected) and apparently distinguished the sexes on the degree of clypeal bulging and the degree to which the genae were angled out at their junction with the clypeus. Both these characters are clear in two of the 
<typeStatus id="30021B42B51A0A1451D17B9947EE2DA7" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(Figs 
<figureCitation id="06CA743060C276A9BED4ACB9EDECE50F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a – i whole beetles a, b A. kraatzi a AF, Kabul, ♀ b KZ, Kyzil Kum c, d A. isikdagensis, TR, Ḉamildere c ♂ paratype d ♀ paratype e – g A. alberti sp. nov., TR. Rize, Ovitdagi e holotype ♂ f paratype ♂ g paratype ♀ h A. alberti?, ♂, AR, Armenia i A. isikdagensis?, ♂, TR, Artvin. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097461">3 c, d</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1202AB8CB6AF63C4B60F8BE330ECC26D" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a – l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b ’ detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 a, b</figureCitation>
) the largest of the 
<specimenCount id="56201888B1A7EBC8CD451E81B79110AF" count="1" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="1DB8600E577F14C9E487E73527A0C7EF" count="1" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
, but not in two other 
<specimenCount id="EC1B547577F0BAD4CE6C1485CDA66A5A" count="1" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
where the reduced clypeal bulging is clear, but not the outward angling of the genae. Assuming 
<specimenCount id="BBBF47B151851352D89461334684EC58" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="6B7A0374D628F720E89CD31DE62BFBB7" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
is elsewhere, the 
<specimenCount id="D9E829B451F21FBDB72D0E9698820459" count="6" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">6 paratypes</specimenCount>
noted by Balthasar comprise 
<specimenCount id="8C0B486FE70E3ADB0078C1895BCBEF43" count="2" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="4507FC8BA3F77D2A4DF5384451104313" count="4" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
. It may be that Balthasar inadvertently switched the numbers of males and females. Balthasar gives the length range as 
<quantity id="B3D7E7B834D76D47F340910BEF692388" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.5" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5.5 mm</quantity>
. Our measurements are based on stacked images.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EIWCM" type="material">
<paragraph id="BE306F09FA458E21BD628ACA57FADB71">
<heading id="C2DED4A75BEDD3178606553B361CD515" reason="title">Additional material studied.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1BBA6A5E1081228316BA14E4C54DAC23">
<specimenCount id="7A786A7B32D4DA89583B1583F55706A1" count="1" type="male">One male</specimenCount>
, 
<collectingCountry id="CF2B2D52C3D9569E61AA3FD8DEA53EFF" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="26E73072647D7599479C62D24D37B5D9" country="Turkey" name="Artvin">Artvin</collectingRegion>
Çam gec. 
<quantity id="EAC041A1EEAB82ACAE99875CADE685BA" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
, coll. Ziani, shown by its aedeagus (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="071A9BA02BA1E45DEDB9A7B286A11619" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. A. niger group aedeagi, cleared preparations mounted in DMHF on slides a – g, m – o dorsoventral view h – l, p right lateral view a A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype c A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere d A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia e – f A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdag e paratype, after squashing f the same specimen, before squashing g, h, j A. alberti sp. nov., different paratypes i A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, paramere k A. isikdagensis?, TR, Artvin l A. alberti?, Armenia m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia n A. bellumgerens, paratype IT, Sicily, Nebrodi o A. wilsonae, paratype, SP, Manzanares el Real p A. muscorum, HU, Hortobági. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097494">24 k</figureCitation>
) to belong to the 
<taxonomicName id="57FE9ED5E618EFFF46ACA82AB2A10331" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="2F895BA5DBC75658C1287E755872E62D" italics="true">A. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
section, may belong here. Its length is 
<quantity id="69D0BDB5138587884D1F500DE29C4265" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.64" unit="mm" value="4.64">4.64 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="0E9B5120ECF0BCEA1D4C5D2FFEAFD3DC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" unit="mm" value="1.89">1.89 mm</quantity>
, so it is within the size range of 
<taxonomicName id="218607D55AC722333F812E987439B684" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isikdagensis">
<emphasis id="C1F4B5FF443F9C6D09C15AC6D12A62D4" italics="true">A. isikdagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with which it also agrees in the brown, not blackish, legs, though the maxillary palpi are black. The aedeagus (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="753241223E80037D30962151ABCB9DF6" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. A. niger group aedeagi, cleared preparations mounted in DMHF on slides a – g, m – o dorsoventral view h – l, p right lateral view a A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype c A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere d A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia e – f A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdag e paratype, after squashing f the same specimen, before squashing g, h, j A. alberti sp. nov., different paratypes i A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, paramere k A. isikdagensis?, TR, Artvin l A. alberti?, Armenia m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia n A. bellumgerens, paratype IT, Sicily, Nebrodi o A. wilsonae, paratype, SP, Manzanares el Real p A. muscorum, HU, Hortobági. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097494">24 k</figureCitation>
) in lateral view is shown to have the parameres only weakly downturned apically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EMXCM" type="Differential diagnosis">
<paragraph id="69AD11E53C6A39C87AC8ACFBF41FD48E">
<heading id="2DC56BBD81BF97EB453AF886B0E1C9E6" reason="title">Differential diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E49BE662BDBD676DB977A194EC90D7E">
The larger of the two known Turkish species, identified as a member of the 
<taxonomicName id="15E9D0743D528C38C3F387E573D8D24A" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="0D30D1B7162523DAE9D894A4CF1FCC90" italics="true">A. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by the large recurved endophallic teeth (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="407AD802C3EE4415666E49EB196B08FB" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. A. niger group aedeagi, cleared preparations mounted in DMHF on slides a – g, m – o dorsoventral view h – l, p right lateral view a A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype c A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere d A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia e – f A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdag e paratype, after squashing f the same specimen, before squashing g, h, j A. alberti sp. nov., different paratypes i A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, paramere k A. isikdagensis?, TR, Artvin l A. alberti?, Armenia m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia n A. bellumgerens, paratype IT, Sicily, Nebrodi o A. wilsonae, paratype, SP, Manzanares el Real p A. muscorum, HU, Hortobági. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097494">24 c</figureCitation>
). Maxillary palpi mid-brown. Epipharynx (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="9244C527A36BFFF7E5ABF8D8CB433A86" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. a – k epipharynxes a, b A. kraatzi, SV c, d A. isikdagensis paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere e, f A. felix sp. nov., paratypes g, h A. bameuli paratypes i A. alberti?, AR j A. krelli sp. nov., paratype k, l A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes. Scale bar: 0.5 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097467">8 c, d</figureCitation>
) with apophobae arranged in narrow bands ca two bristles wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFYCM" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="C4101C7610A523CDB22D63A48A2398C2">
<heading id="078ABB4D66740572B03A8CE4F5310D44" reason="title">Redescription.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B263EFF543BA8D7C1F98BBB9798EB490">
General appearance (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="7427FC59478206DB0C770D77B167EDB9" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a – i whole beetles a, b A. kraatzi a AF, Kabul, ♀ b KZ, Kyzil Kum c, d A. isikdagensis, TR, Ḉamildere c ♂ paratype d ♀ paratype e – g A. alberti sp. nov., TR. Rize, Ovitdagi e holotype ♂ f paratype ♂ g paratype ♀ h A. alberti?, ♂, AR, Armenia i A. isikdagensis?, ♂, TR, Artvin. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097461">3 c, d</figureCitation>
). Length 
<quantity id="24015F88F25050D687D8FFE07E527D9D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.199999999999999" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="4.6" unit="mm" value="5.199999999999999" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="4.6">4.6–5.8 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="AE81103C7E8E7D3D887919ECF87E4E15" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.9" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.5 mm</quantity>
. Head black, browner towards the anterior and lateral margins, no tubercle on frontoclypeal suture. Frontoclypeal suture fine and straight-transverse over middle 1 / 3, at either end of this either effaced or angled forward to reach the edge of the head at the junction of the clypeus and genae. Outer margin of genae more or continuous with that of the frons in male, distinctly angled outwards in female (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="70B666A3C473CBFFF82784BBC899DC5E" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a – l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b ’ detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 a, b</figureCitation>
). Clypeus moderately bulging upwards medially in male, weakly so in the female, anterior margin broadly excised medially, the sides of this excision bluntly rounded. Punctation rather weak, sometimes stronger and tending to be rugose towards the anterior and lateral margins. Epipharynx (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="9E490632650ADF8EEF320D02A0D115FA" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. a – k epipharynxes a, b A. kraatzi, SV c, d A. isikdagensis paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere e, f A. felix sp. nov., paratypes g, h A. bameuli paratypes i A. alberti?, AR j A. krelli sp. nov., paratype k, l A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes. Scale bar: 0.5 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097467">8 c, d</figureCitation>
) with the central tylus strongly projecting and the anterior margin of the clithra clearly excised either side. Central darkened sclerotised epitorma broadly triangular, the whole median darkened region appearing widest at base (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="98E7DA591186D5621A614BB91AE5A28C" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. a – k epipharynxes a, b A. kraatzi, SV c, d A. isikdagensis paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere e, f A. felix sp. nov., paratypes g, h A. bameuli paratypes i A. alberti?, AR j A. krelli sp. nov., paratype k, l A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes. Scale bar: 0.5 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097467">8 c</figureCitation>
) or narrowed basally (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="FC771C9AE1316CD233B2F2BBCA331ECC" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. a – k epipharynxes a, b A. kraatzi, SV c, d A. isikdagensis paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere e, f A. felix sp. nov., paratypes g, h A. bameuli paratypes i A. alberti?, AR j A. krelli sp. nov., paratype k, l A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes. Scale bar: 0.5 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097467">8 d</figureCitation>
). Acropariae virtually absent, chaetopedia strong, six or seven each side. Surface of gymnopedia covered with small tooth-like asperities. Prophobae quite strong, clustered at the edges of the sclerotised mesoepitorma, apophobae fine, arranged in a narrow slightly irregular band ca two bristles wide, outside the chaetopariae. Antennae and palpi mid brown. Pronotum (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="C25423DCD44A182E29678CBDE77BCF6F" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a – l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b ’ detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 a, b</figureCitation>
) hemicylindrical, highly arched transversely, scarcely at all longitudinally. Entire lateral margins visible from above. Surface with double punctation, male 
<typeStatus id="02A018866EB6C8AB5CF5BEAEA3762176" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
with the larger punctures separated by at least twice their diameter, sparser on disc. The female 
<typeStatus id="88649D10CBBB6672BE52DA6C8A599A78" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
has the punctation sparser and finer. Posterior margin completely bordered (Figs 
<figureCitation id="702DA8AD29CEF728E398011B54641992" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a – l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b ’ detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 a, b</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="46931B52D279A36FC80AF5C9EB1B6E4C" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Aphodius niger group, pronotal bases 2 a A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica b A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia c, d A. wilsonae, paratypes, SP, Manzanares el Real e A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097478">16 e</figureCitation>
), the border wider medially, narrowed but continuous round the posterior corners.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="10631723F142A4676A4349897EAB130B">
Scutellum pentagonal, elongate, glossy, sometimes with a few punctures medio-basally. Elytra black, interstices flat, 6–8 × width of the striae, with fine isodiametric reticulation and sparse fine punctures (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="725972FD53ED04BFF502164AF70B87E4" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Elytral sculpture of interstices 2 or 3 a – z stacked photographs a A. plagiatus plagiatus, CZ, Moravia b, c A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratypes, CH b Gangca, Qinghai c Gansu d A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay e A. chellala sp. nov., holotype f A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg g, h A. discoides g neotype, IS, Kuneitra h TR, Kizildag i A. discoides, black specimen, TR, Karakurt j A. kraatzi, SK k A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere l, m A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn n – q A. muscorum, HU n holotype, Vörös-tó o Hortobágyi p, q Kisjúszállás r, s A. niger? r CZ, Hradec Králové s CZ, České Budějovice t A. muscorum? SK, Bol u A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily v A. felix sp. nov., paratype, IT w A. wilsonae, paratype, SP x A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica y A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia z A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag. a’ – c ’ A. plagiatus, at higher magnification a ’, c ’ stacked photographs a ”, c ” SEM images a ’, a ” A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., CH, Gansu c ”, c ’ A. p. plagiatus, CZ, Moravia. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097480">17 k</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="631889B8977A66318A107D10C47D0DA3">
Metaventrite (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="871AE950431FDA7F870B94F1AAED9FA0" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Metaventrites, A. niger group a – d A. niger a, c, d SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b GB, Hampshire, New Forest a, b ♂ c, d ♀ e, g – j A. muscorum e holotype ♀, HU, Vörös-tó f A. felix sp. nov., paratype ♂, IT, Campo Felice g ♂, HU, Hortobágyi h, i ♀♀, HU, Kisujszallas j ♀, HU, Josvafo k A. felix sp. nov. paratype ♀, IT, Campo Felice l, m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia l ♂ m ♀ n, o A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes, TR, Rize, Ovitdag n ♂, o ♀ p – r A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica p ♂ q, r ♀ s, t A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia s ♂ t ♀ u – w A. wilsonae, paratypes u, v SP, Manzanares el Real u ♂ v ♀ w ♀, SP, El Vellon x, y A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere x ♂ y ♀. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097488">21 x, y</figureCitation>
) moderately punctured, flattened over median diamond-shaped plate, sometimes with an impressed median line. Legs mid brown, basal segment of mesotarsi elongate, either clearly longer than the longer tibial spur, or ca the same length (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="30C018496FC5D387E2AFFCCC4193D087" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Legs a – h A. plagiatus group, stacked photographs mid tarsi and apical portions of tibiae a A. plagiatus sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Gangca, Qinghai b A. rodrigoi sp. nov. holotype, SP, Aranjuez c A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay d A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala e A. discoides, neotype, IS, Keneitra f, g A. kraatzi f SV g RU, Karasuk, W. Siberia h A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg i – t A. niger group, mid tarsi, and tibial apices i – o SEM images p – t stacked photographs i A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn j A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi k, l A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica m, n A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia o A. wilsonae, paratype SP p, q A. felix sp. nov, IT, Abruzzo, Campo Felice p paratype q holotype r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily s A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere t A. alberti sp. nov., holotype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag u, v fore tibiae and tarsi of ♂♂ to show the spur. u A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica v A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg w, x apex of hind tibia to show the short spines w A. muscorum, HU x A. wilsonae, paratype, SP. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097482">18 s</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C8EFBE2EF44E345BCC729B54978E5878">
Aedeagus (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="01E0D139A1602ED31D36516920578D53" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. A. niger group aedeagi, cleared preparations mounted in DMHF on slides a – g, m – o dorsoventral view h – l, p right lateral view a A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype c A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere d A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia e – f A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdag e paratype, after squashing f the same specimen, before squashing g, h, j A. alberti sp. nov., different paratypes i A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, paramere k A. isikdagensis?, TR, Artvin l A. alberti?, Armenia m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia n A. bellumgerens, paratype IT, Sicily, Nebrodi o A. wilsonae, paratype, SP, Manzanares el Real p A. muscorum, HU, Hortobági. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097494">24 c</figureCitation>
): total length ca 
<quantity id="7CE8CC7BB786602D91B02B4A76923B98" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
, parameres length ca 
<quantity id="74FC1186AEA0F6043EE1FA802356C0FB" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" unit="mm" value="0.48">0.48 mm</quantity>
, basal piece length ca 
<quantity id="8E9300CB50F60B15AA693075E5C835EA" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" unit="mm" value="0.64">0.64 mm</quantity>
, length of endophallic tooth-field ca 
<quantity id="91E600F7FBFF2B727401475E532AE754" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.70 mm</quantity>
. Length of longest tooth on endophallus (measured from photograph) ca 60 μm. Parameres with darkened sclerotised strut running from near the outer margin at the base to the inner margin at apex, where the apical sensory pads run round the apex from the tip of the oblique strut to the outer edge, almost to its outer apical angle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EB1CM" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="CC042D1326BB4F75CD2B6F6E413595FF">
<heading id="9B48E4566BF01789E42E4E0665947759" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F2F8C327E5C30BA3691A778DA70C7737">
This species is identified as a member of the 
<taxonomicName id="817D0097029215FB202011CFC1A2B017" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="676B74CEB995CA8BE542568F83CC3A95" italics="true">Aphodius niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by the large, recurved teeth on its endophallus (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="DC4E7BEE825E62A593856EC44300BFF7" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. A. niger group aedeagi, cleared preparations mounted in DMHF on slides a – g, m – o dorsoventral view h – l, p right lateral view a A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype c A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere d A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia e – f A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdag e paratype, after squashing f the same specimen, before squashing g, h, j A. alberti sp. nov., different paratypes i A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, paramere k A. isikdagensis?, TR, Artvin l A. alberti?, Armenia m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia n A. bellumgerens, paratype IT, Sicily, Nebrodi o A. wilsonae, paratype, SP, Manzanares el Real p A. muscorum, HU, Hortobági. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097494">24 c</figureCitation>
), and the parameres with the apical sensory pads running round the apex from the tip of the oblique strut to the outer edge. This may be the result of collapse of only weakly downturned apically parameres as a result of drying.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D599BCEDD39251148C7396BE205BA022">
<bibRefCitation id="1713F349D25B96E3435B922B2A904040" author="Dellacasa G &amp; Dellacasa M &amp; Ziani S" issue="2000" journalOrPublisher="Caffi ”" pagination="3-11" refId="B14" refString="Dellacasa G, Dellacasa M, Ziani S (2001 b) Taxonomic position of Aphodius turbatus Baudi, 1870 and systematic redefinition of Aphodius isikdagensis Balthasar, 1952. Rivista del Museo civico de Scienze naturali “ E. Caffi ” 20 (2000): 3–11." title="Taxonomic position of Aphodius turbatus Baudi, 1870 and systematic redefinition of Aphodius isikdagensis Balthasar, 1952. Rivista del Museo civico de Scienze naturali “ E." volume="20">Dellacasa et al. (2001 b</bibRefCitation>
) regarded this species as conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="9BAF8269649B5F709F21721E88BF49BE" authorityName="Baudi di Selve" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilipennis">
<emphasis id="2635B0E03E560A4066FFFA2127D4EB0F" italics="true">A. rutilipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, at that time known as 
<taxonomicName id="253BEA198EC6DDCC6C9410DB777CCD07" authority="(Petrovitz, 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Petrovitz" baseAuthorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ressli">
<emphasis id="2D7DA012EF922AB69FC29C246FF84B7D" italics="true">A. ressli</emphasis>
(Petrovitz, 1962)
</taxonomicName>
. They figure the aedeagus (without the endophallus in its sac), but the parameres do not really match those of the 
<typeStatus id="C223727FEDBE7C8D7A29B7BF73A06F7C" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
shown in Fig. 
<figureCitation id="DA23056DB56FF7056D34F3532CAA1715" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. A. niger group aedeagi, cleared preparations mounted in DMHF on slides a – g, m – o dorsoventral view h – l, p right lateral view a A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype c A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere d A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia e – f A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdag e paratype, after squashing f the same specimen, before squashing g, h, j A. alberti sp. nov., different paratypes i A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, paramere k A. isikdagensis?, TR, Artvin l A. alberti?, Armenia m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia n A. bellumgerens, paratype IT, Sicily, Nebrodi o A. wilsonae, paratype, SP, Manzanares el Real p A. muscorum, HU, Hortobági. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097494">24 c</figureCitation>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="0BCFC28765A5E5BFD90FB48E4D5EA79F" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1407.1.4" author="Dellacasa M &amp; Gordon RD &amp; Dellacasa G" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Dellacasa" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="23-42" refId="B15" refString="Dellacasa M, Gordon RD, Dellacasa G (2007) Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Zootaxa 1407 (1): 23–42. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1407.1.4" title="Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)." volume="1407" year="2007">Dellacasa et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, in their revision of the world species of 
<taxonomicName id="C131E87D87035FFA27A71E19A2E6879A" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14268C79627AF7183A5836DB7DD244D3" italics="true">Liothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, show the same figure of the aedeagus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="04E608122C1DD26BCAD95070FCBABEBC">
At present 
<taxonomicName id="6E311865A92CF1F2C13EAC45A3C1735D" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isikdagensis">
<emphasis id="F8D12E37E4955A5E4D8E81125F139350" italics="true">A. isikdagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the type series, the 
<typeStatus id="0B614ADFAE7C90F1825061CE5DA5EB07" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 
<specimenCount id="6404200BFBCAC9E4DDFC7A8558516789" count="7" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">seven paratypes</specimenCount>
, one labelled as 
<specimenCount id="B27F34FEC773D249842E8BCC7C94A71A" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="7AF031E333B61836DC15E3D147E61FEC" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
, with the locality data Çamlidere, Isik d., Anat. 23. vi. 47. Exp. N. Mus. ČSR (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="4134AC00C8BC18038BCB74D5D18034BF" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. a distribution of niger - group taxa in Western and Central Europe b distribution of Liothorax species in Central and Eastern Palearctic c distribution of plagiatus - group species in Central and Eastern Palearctic. The record of isikdagensis with the question mark indicates a doubtful specimen from Artvin Çam, TR (Ziani Coll)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097509">29 b, c</figureCitation>
). Other Turkish material (Vilayet Rize, Ovitdagi gecidi m 2600, coll. Balerio; Kizildag Gecidi 
<quantity id="5A7A9893E4EEB61C55B8AEABA5EAC400" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.29" unit="m" value="2290.0">2290 m</quantity>
, coll. Král; Artvin Çam gec. 
<quantity id="F95215763A44DA8D778B9DA4EADBADB9" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
, coll. Ziani) is shown by its parameres to belong to the 
<taxonomicName id="E364B0EBE62049FBB79B4889BB446103" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="8EA378BBBFD432A88FD63DA8B6576351" italics="true">A. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex, and this is also true of a male from central 
<collectingCountry id="540EC808FBF74B743FE8B7DEF185131B" name="Armenia">Armenia</collectingCountry>
, Selim Pass 
<quantity id="A5758093EC8399247F3F277A5E6A007B" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" unit="m" value="2350.0">2350 m</quantity>
, coll. Ziani. See discussion of 
<taxonomicName id="3291983BDBFA3FEC2DF578AD6C3774C7" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alberti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7945C74F6F0711B2280C9E73F9685826" italics="true">L. alberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0B07AE4313E22AEFF2F68D98E9C70AE8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>