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<mods:title id= "AD399F1B106CCB8F42733B33B4DFF9AD" > A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id= "21E8158511A7EA5A7941D1380E42F1E6" > Birch, Joanne L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id= "CDBA7924A4E62E5C3C6B5A9F7D53AC2F" > Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA & Present address: Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id= "6C9C03A6AC80873EC73EBE7F31A27DFF" type= "email" > joanne.birch@rbg.vic.gov.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<treatment id= "8C558AA3011E58A4856B5C9D1E83F07D" ID-GBIF-Taxon= "160776350" LSID= "urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C558AA3011E58A4856B5C9D1E83F07D" httpUri= "http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C558AA3011E58A4856B5C9D1E83F07D" lastPageNumber= "115" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" >
<subSubSection id= "EFC04F599A4950E419AE9E561F5D797F" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" type= "nomenclature" >
<paragraph id= "BF50DA06CCEDCD68899EC956CFE7A798" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" >
<taxonomicName id= "A14B468F99C0F669B647446BEFA5F951" LSID= "8C558AA3-011E-58A4-856B-5C9D1E83F07D" authority= "Skottsb." authorityName= "Skottsb." class= "Liliopsida" family= "Asteliaceae" genus= "Astelia" higherTaxonomySource= "CoL" kingdom= "Plantae" lsidName= "Astelia subsp. sect." order= "Asparagales" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "section" section= "Micrastelia" > Astelia sect. Micrastelia Skottsb.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id= "95028FF456BB5788170BABE1FF1A52C4" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" type= "reference_group" >
<paragraph id= "C1662769C67EA64A8D254EB40BA00767" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" >
<taxonomicName id= "59A8F450EC5CC9A8489704E2CB0F755B" class= "Liliopsida" family= "Asteliaceae" genus= "Astelia" higherTaxonomySource= "CoL" kingdom= "Plantae" lsidName= "Astelia subsp. sect." order= "Asparagales" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "section" section= "Micrastelia" > Astelia sect. Micrastelia</taxonomicName>
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Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. ser. 3, 14(2): 56. 1934.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id= "AF265D4D5B02A8F07604EC064A816142" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" type= "note" >
<paragraph id= "E4FE8C8C60E775D5DD21FCF719DBE703" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" > Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "4222623FF4B3DDD69ED5634577220C36" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" >
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Low, compact, turf forming growth form; leaves caniculate; inflorescence bearing few flowers; staminate flowers with short filaments (0.6-1.9 mm); pistillate flowers with short outer tepals (2.6-3.8
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<normalizedToken id= "A187A53DBE675462550BE66F71B6A8C4" originalValue= "× > x</normalizedToken>
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0.8-1.3 mm); ovary trilocular, intermediate length (2.6-3.8 mm); fruit ellipsoid, many seeds per fruit (17-24); seeds short and narrow (1.1-1.7
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<normalizedToken id= "B7E239DB3966A042188ADFBA44C4D3EF" originalValue= "× > x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-0.8 mm). Type:
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<taxonomicName id= "FFF5F42B02CEFFF84B8FC55CBDCFA487" class= "Liliopsida" family= "Liliaceae" genus= "Astelia" higherTaxonomySource= "CoL" kingdom= "Plantae" lsidName= "Astelia pumila" order= "Asparagales" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "pumila" >
<emphasis id= "02C5561E729AAAE6C6C85559611DAE4D" italics= "true" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" > Astelia pumila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
(Forst.) Gaudich.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id= "DD5DB4EDA2A880258CC82AC21B795744" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" type= "remarks" >
<paragraph id= "59B258CC18D5947DE8A2191957B29090" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" > Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "504920D29DC8B9830B54C5C3D81C7E66" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" >
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The relationships of
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<taxonomicName id= "6887378DA7D2A44328FECEBF04EA33E5" class= "Liliopsida" family= "Liliaceae" genus= "Astelia" higherTaxonomySource= "CoL" kingdom= "Plantae" lsidName= "Astelia subsp. sect." order= "Asparagales" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "section" section= "Micrastelia" > Astelia sect. Micrastelia</taxonomicName>
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are poorly resolved, with alternate relationships with
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<taxonomicName id= "6B827CC810E0E359707D543A4D8EB5A7" class= "Liliopsida" family= "Liliaceae" genus= "Astelia" higherTaxonomySource= "CoL" kingdom= "Plantae" lsidName= "Astelia (Asteliopsis) subsp. subg." order= "Asparagales" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "subGenus" subGenus= "Asteliopsis" > Astelia subg. Asteliopsis</taxonomicName>
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and the clade containing
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<taxonomicName id= "54E83D98DCCB9C9BCD45BBAB34B0FF75" class= "Liliopsida" family= "Liliaceae" genus= "Astelia" higherTaxonomySource= "CoL" kingdom= "Plantae" lsidName= "Astelia (Tricella) subsp. subg." order= "Asparagales" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "subGenus" subGenus= "Tricella" > Astelia subg. Tricella</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id= "10F86523B96FA4DE5290E2168383CA1A" authorityName= "Birch" authorityYear= "2015" class= "Liliopsida" family= "Asteliaceae" genus= "Collospermum" higherTaxonomySource= "CoL" kingdom= "Plantae" lsidName= "Collospermum" order= "Asparagales" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "D2706BF433CC50AFB75684164283D694" italics= "true" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" > Collospermum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
(Birch unpublished PhD thesis 2011,
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<bibRefCitation id= "21CD144DA04E7943AAF5B072E428563D" author= "Birch, JL" journalOrPublisher= "Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId= "12" pageNumber= "117" pagination= "102 - 115" publicationUrl= "10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.031" refId= "B2" refString= "Birch, JL, Keeley, SC, Morden, CW, 2012. Molecular phylogeny and dating of Asteliaceae (Asparagales): Astelia s.l. evolution provides insight into the Oligocene history of New Zealand. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65: 102 - 115, DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.031" title= "Molecular phylogeny and dating of Asteliaceae (Asparagales): Astelia s. l. evolution provides insight into the Oligocene history of New Zealand." url= "10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.031" volume= "65" year= "2012" > Birch et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id= "CA184D9F8C635BA1F70A8C1D21EEF5D6" class= "Liliopsida" family= "Liliaceae" genus= "Astelia" higherTaxonomySource= "CoL" kingdom= "Plantae" lsidName= "Astelia subsp. sect." order= "Asparagales" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "section" section= "Microastelia" > Astelia sect. Microastelia</taxonomicName>
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contains a single species,
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<taxonomicName id= "2944F215C5F1B60C26B752611262AD3F" class= "Liliopsida" family= "Liliaceae" genus= "Astelia" higherTaxonomySource= "CoL" kingdom= "Plantae" lsidName= "Astelia pumila" order= "Asparagales" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "pumila" >
<emphasis id= "6454BF73CDD87237E06CFFEC2935C68D" italics= "true" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" > Astelia pumila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
, which is a compact, turf-forming plant and dominant component of
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<taxonomicName id= "D6321C996636A00728C9091BFDD0E01F" class= "Liliopsida" family= "Liliaceae" genus= "Astelia" higherTaxonomySource= "CoL" kingdom= "Plantae" lsidName= "Astelia" order= "Asparagales" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "1744E5AADBBAD4529F8B8425DB971E88" italics= "true" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" > Astelia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
moorland in Chile, the Falkland Islands, and Tierra del Fuego. As a cushion-forming species, it differs morphologically from
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<taxonomicName id= "89AAE81060BBAF48DD54D67B95830E6D" class= "Liliopsida" family= "Liliaceae" genus= "Astelia" higherTaxonomySource= "CoL" kingdom= "Plantae" lsidName= "Astelia (Asteliopsis) subsp. subg." order= "Asparagales" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "subGenus" subGenus= "Asteliopsis" > Astelia subg. Asteliopsis</taxonomicName>
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, which contains species with open, spreading growth form that are epiphytic or terrestrial and primarily found of the understory in lowland to montane forests.
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<taxonomicName id= "6E3961C8FC825325C829570F085770D5" class= "Liliopsida" family= "Liliaceae" genus= "Astelia" higherTaxonomySource= "CoL" kingdom= "Plantae" lsidName= "Astelia pumila" order= "Asparagales" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "pumila" >
<emphasis id= "FC38F7D2C996777BED990826B665E635" italics= "true" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" > Astelia pumila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
does share morphological features with
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<taxonomicName id= "E05A0FB58810F2D13475A1E8CF417EAB" class= "Liliopsida" family= "Liliaceae" genus= "Astelia" higherTaxonomySource= "CoL" kingdom= "Plantae" lsidName= "Astelia (Asteliopsis) subsp. subg." order= "Asparagales" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "subGenus" subGenus= "Asteliopsis" > Astelia subg. Asteliopsis</taxonomicName>
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(e.g. short pistillode or pistil) and, alternatively, with
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<taxonomicName id= "92E28B4AC6DD975F0999AB805041B53A" class= "Liliopsida" family= "Liliaceae" genus= "Astelia" higherTaxonomySource= "CoL" kingdom= "Plantae" lsidName= "Astelia (Collospermum) subsp. subg." order= "Asparagales" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "subGenus" subGenus= "Collospermum" > Astelia subg. Collospermum</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id= "F622A46AEA8B56418C689304EBB41F71" class= "Liliopsida" family= "Liliaceae" genus= "Astelia" higherTaxonomySource= "CoL" kingdom= "Plantae" lsidName= "Astelia (Tricella) subsp. subg." order= "Asparagales" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "subGenus" subGenus= "Tricella" > Astelia subg. Tricella</taxonomicName>
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(e.g. seeds with a short, truncate funicle). The subgeneric placement of
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<taxonomicName id= "16DD1A3FACC582BD6602FA82E37209C3" class= "Liliopsida" family= "Liliaceae" genus= "Astelia" higherTaxonomySource= "CoL" kingdom= "Plantae" lsidName= "Astelia subsp. sect." order= "Asparagales" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "section" section= "Micrastelia" > Astelia sect. Micrastelia</taxonomicName>
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remains equivocal and the section is unplaced (
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<emphasis id= "323A255100944E54FC5FA2B2AF3B5B3F" italics= "true" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" > incertae sedis</emphasis>
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id= "F72AADBCF906FEA4F8075EE718585D88" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" type= "included species and distribution" >
<paragraph id= "10A55A27B28BD37F99B341032524AD2C" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" > Included species and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "A290C2FFFFEBC77CBD0C11618573A65D" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" >
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Chile, Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego:
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<taxonomicName id= "FA1C7BD15A98CB61D1920CCB2118379B" class= "Liliopsida" family= "Liliaceae" genus= "Astelia" higherTaxonomySource= "CoL" kingdom= "Plantae" lsidName= "Astelia pumila" order= "Asparagales" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "pumila" >
<emphasis id= "9CB6388C3FA559E29658F29E7C1BDE4B" italics= "true" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" > Astelia pumila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
(Forst.) Gaudich.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id= "0A130F4D2083DBB7F0C29C4904CA6E5D" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" type= "habitat" >
<paragraph id= "89EAB2FB535B84A69587DCE1DEC8CC52" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" > Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8A77BBFE9515B4DF6B221BC9A10A8280" pageId= "10" pageNumber= "115" > Lowland (low latitudes) to sub-alpine (mid and higher latitudes) herbfields particularly on wet substrates (seeps, swamps etc.).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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