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153 lines
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<document id="907C573650AEEF7A8AADBD7AF5926037" ID-DOI="10.5070/P940454153" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913559" ID-ZooBank="58312615-0833-432E-BF5D-3DFFBF361AAA" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1712169471054" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Burrow, Carole Jan, Murphy, Michael & Turner, Susan" docDate="2023" docId="B21CD55BFFCDFFF35AEE89DDFB592156" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.40.4.1-32.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 40 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p940454153" docStyle="DocumentStyle:76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81.3:PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Polymerolepis KARATAJUTE-TALIMAA 1968" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="4E25AD23FFDEFFE0596C8867FF9B270C" masterDocTitle="Late Silurian to earliest Devonian vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Birch Creek II section, Roberts Mountains, Nevada, U. S. A." masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1727476634305" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="938F5D5E19246CEBFCA8DE4101AE206A">
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<mods:title id="A6A10FCBE2477B72B7D8F7BCB0F4A36B">Late Silurian to earliest Devonian vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Birch Creek II section, Roberts Mountains, Nevada, U. S. A.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1306BEC855911571DF6B733D21B8017F">Burrow, Carole Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="01FBA0697352280737221EA921B95047">Murphy, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FC4EC2E090EDC49B5A6C96C0911090A1">Turner, Susan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E7B1FD18DB83D2AB6A337872008B7E6F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2CB46152F1B27BFA0F88334CA12472DB">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="614D019D38CEA0D1EC97144B006B6954">
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<mods:date id="2BF3D46DD0D21CE54FE020B8233C7FDC">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="139B2044BBF849D4267D602FB9EB3FCC">2023-06-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="26880C67249B50026C0657ADCCEF9F6D">40</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8BFDC7042745C52FB9084369283256EF">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8D3156819B1F6FE95E475E37DB407B0F">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="607927B51017F946C533CF30D68128BF">32</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="60CD7BDC1AD852D465E58DB7EAD9C5C0">http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p940454153</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="1E05CF0325CB4ACE4550ED1E2262DBE6" type="DOI">10.5070/P940454153</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B5B85A8FB8AF2F264F1266C445105A7F" type="ISSN">0031-0298</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="11FC84766CE92AE35A216618FD56579A" type="Zenodo-Dep">10913559</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B21CD55BFFCDFFF35AEE89DDFB592156" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11489353" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11489353" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B21CD55BFFCDFFF35AEE89DDFB592156" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B21CD55BFFCDFFF35AEE89DDFB592156" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFCDFFF35AEE89DDFA3526DF" box="[898,1454,437,470]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFCDFFF35AEE89DDFA3526DF" blockId="19.[833,1519,366,470]" box="[898,1454,437,470]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFCDFFF35AEE89DDFA3526DF" authority="KARATAJUTE-TALIMAA, 1968" authorityName="KARATAJUTE-TALIMAA" authorityYear="1968" box="[898,1454,437,470]" family="Polymerolepididae" genus="Polymerolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polymerolepidiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFCDFFF35AEE89DDFBCF26DA" box="[898,1108,442,470]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">POLYMEROLEPIS</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFCDFFF35D3689D2FA3526DF" author="Karatajute-Talimaa, V. N." box="[1114,1454,437,468]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="33 - 42" refId="ref23811" refString="Karatajute-Talimaa, V. N. 1968. Novye Telodonti, Heter- ostraki i Artrodiry iz Chortlovskogo Horizonta Podolii [New Thelodonti, Heterostraci and Arthrodira from the Choztkovian Horizon of Podolia]. Pp. 33 - 42, 168, in D. V. Obruchev (ed.). Ocherki po Filogenii i Sistematike iskopaemykh Ryb i Bescheliustnykh [Sketches on phylogenesis and taxonomy of fossil fishes and Agnatha]. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian with English summary)." type="book chapter" year="1968">KARATAJŪTĖ-TALIMAA, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFCDFFF35A0C8A67FC6D2531" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFCDFFF35A0C8A67FC6D2531" blockId="19.[832,1520,510,573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFCDFFF35A0C8A67FB802515" bold="true" box="[864,1051,511,538]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<typeStatus id="E50EDAEFFFCDFFF35A0C8A67FC3D2516" box="[864,934,512,538]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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—
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<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFCDFFF35D568A67FAD52516" box="[1082,1358,510,540]" genus="Polymerolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whitei">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFCDFFF35D568A67FAD52516" box="[1082,1358,510,540]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Polymerolepis whitei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Karatajūtė-Talimaa, 1968.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFCDFFF35D458A01FA92258C" box="[1065,1289,614,640]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="taxon_list">
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<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFCDFFF35D458A01FA92258C" blockId="19.[900,1452,614,676]" box="[1065,1289,614,640]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<heading id="6142D321FFCDFFF35D458A01FA92258C" allCaps="true" box="[1065,1289,614,640]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFCDFFF35D458A01FA92258C" box="[1065,1289,614,640]" family="Polymerolepididae" genus="Polymerolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polymerolepidiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFCDFFF35D458A01FB79258C" box="[1065,1250,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">POLYMEROLEPIS</emphasis>
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SP.
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFCDFFF35AE88AEEFA3725AF" box="[900,1452,649,676]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFCDFFF35AE88AEEFA3725AF" blockId="19.[900,1452,614,676]" box="[900,1452,649,676]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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(
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<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFCDFFF35AE78AEEFC7225AF" box="[907,1001,649,675]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="19.[112,191,1554,1578]" captionTargetBox="[112,800,1072,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-631@19.[112,800,1072,1528]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 6. Chondrichthyan and stem osteichthyan scales from the uppermost Silurian of the Birch Creek II section; A, C–G, light microscope images of whitened specimens; B, ESEM image. A-C. Ellesmereia schultzei. A, scale UCR 10746- 44 (level 430.5’) in crown view (from Suppl. 1, fig. 5); B, UCR 10746-28 (level 430.5’) in anterolateral-crown view; C, scale UCR10746-45 (level 430.5’ in crown and lateral views (from Suppl. 1, fig. 4). D. Polymerolepis sp. scale UCR 10752-1 (level 458.67’) in crown view (from Suppl. 1, fig. 11). E-G. Lophosteus sp. cf. L. superbus. E, dermal bone fragment 10754-1 (level 468’) in external view (from Suppl. 1, fig. 12); F, G, tubercles UCR951-1, 2 (level 457’) in crown views (from Suppl. 1, fig. 10). Scale bars=0.25 mm, anterior of scale is up or to left, otherwise arrow points to anterior. See Table 1 for meterage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913571/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">FIG. 6D</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="773751F6FFCDFFF35A998AEEFBCC25AF" box="[1013,1111,649,675]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[112,179,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[120,1534,204,1847]" captionTargetId="graphics-72@5.[112,1519,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Distribution of vertebrate and agnathan remains in the Birch Creek Section BCII, northern Roberts Mts. (Přidolí- Lochkovian; bold line indicates probable S/D boundary). Vertebrates are to the left above the upper horizontal line and agnathans are to the right. RP indicates Ross Parke samples. Number of elements: x 1-10, xx 11-50, xxx 51-100, xxxx>100." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6ECA34C5FFDBFFE5591C8F2AFA2520A9" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="6ECA34C5FFDBFFE5591C8F2AFA2520A9">TABLE 1</tableCitation>
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; SUPPL. 1,
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<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFCDFFF35DB68AEEFAB025A8" box="[1242,1323,649,676]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="18.[112,191,881,905]" captionTargetBox="[112,1520,192,864]" captionTargetId="figure-135@18.[112,1520,192,864]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 5. Funicristata nevadaensis n. gen. n. sp. from the uppermost Silurian of the Birch Creek II section. A–C. UCR 10750-3 (level 456.5') in crown views and magnified view of the crown ridges; D, E. UCR 10750-2 (level 456.5') in crown and lateral views; F, G. UCR 10746-10 (level 430.5') in anterocrown and crown views; H, I. UCR 10746-8 (level 430.5') in anterocrown and laterocrown views; J, K. UCR 10750-10 (level 456.5') vertical longitudinal section; L. UCR 10750-12 (level 456.5') horizontal section through crown. Abbreviations: c=canal; en=enameloid; h=hyphal boring; po=pore openings. Scale bars=0.1 mm in A, B, D–L, 0.01 mm in C; anterior is to left or down, otherwise arrows point to anterior. See Table 1 for meterage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913569/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">FIGS. 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFCDFFF35C5B8AEDFAD325A8" box="[1335,1352,650,676]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="22.[112,191,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[112,1520,192,1638]" captionTargetId="figure-254@22.[112,1520,192,1638]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 7. Thelodont scales from the uppermost Silurian of the Birch Creek II section, all level 430.5' except B, C, G, K, L, P, Q. A. Trimerolepis sp. cf. T. tricava. UCR 10746-43 in crown view. B. Trimerolepis sp. AMF97876 (Parkes 1995, fig. 22.19, 20) from level 503’, base view. C.?Lanarkia sp. UCR 944-20 (level 527.25’) in lateral view. D.?Turinia sp. UCR10746-19, showing taphonomic effects and ultrasculpture, in crown view. E-J. Nikolivia spp. E. UCR 10746-13 with cell pattern on surface in crown view; F, UCR 10746-20 in crown view; G, AMF97875 (Parkes 1995, fig. 22.17, 18) from level 402' with possible bite marks, in crown view; H, UCR 10746-27 in ventral basal view; I, UCR 10746-25 showing taphonomic effects in crown view; J, Nikolivia sp. cf. N. auriculata, UCR 10746-18 in crown view. K, L. Apalolepis sp. AMF97872 (level 503’) (Parkes 2005, fig. 22.11, 12), crown and basal views. M-O. Talivalia sp. cf. T. elongata. M, UCR 10746-17 in crown view; N, UCR 10746-37 in crown view; O, UCR 10746-21 in lateral view. P-S. Barlowodus sp. cf. B. tridens. P,Q, AMF97874 (level 875’) in crown and basal views (Parkes 2005, fig. 22.15, 16). R, S, UCR 944-21 (level 527.25') in laterocrown view, closeup in S showing striated ultrasculpture. Scale bars=0.2 mm; anterior to left or top, otherwise arrow points to anterior. See Table 1 for meterage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913573/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">7</figureCitation>
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, 11, 14)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFCDFFF35A0C8AA8FB16245F" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFCDFFF35A0C8AA8FB16245F" blockId="19.[832,1521,719,1626]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFCDFFF35A0C8AA8FBEB25E5" bold="true" box="[864,1136,719,745]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Referred specimens</emphasis>
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—Very rare, one scale at level 458.67’ (
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<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFCDFFF35ADE8A94FBBA2401" box="[946,1057,755,781]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.398" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="139.8">139.8 m</quantity>
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) and possible scale fragments from 430.5’ (
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<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFCDFFF35AF78B71FB9E243D" box="[923,1029,790,817]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3119999999999998" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="131.2">131.2 m</quantity>
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), 453’ (
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<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFCDFFF35D328B71FB5C243D" box="[1118,1223,790,817]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3809999999999998" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="138.1">138.1 m</quantity>
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), 492.3’ (
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<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFCDFFF35C5B8B71FA39243D" box="[1335,1442,790,817]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.501" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="150.1">150.1 m</quantity>
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): Roberts Mountains Formation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFCDFFF35A0C8B3BFB592156" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFCDFFF35A0C8B3BFB592156" blockId="19.[832,1521,719,1626]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFCDFFF35A0C8B3BFB46247A" bold="true" box="[864,1245,860,887]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Description and comparison</emphasis>
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—The scales and scale fragments have finely noded ridges. The scale base is always flat or concave. The
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<typeStatus id="E50EDAEFFFCDFFF35DE48BC4FB2424B1" box="[1160,1215,931,957]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
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material of
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<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFCDFFF35C218BC6FA3424B1" box="[1357,1455,929,957]" genus="Polymerolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whitei">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFCDFFF35C218BC6FA3424B1" box="[1357,1455,929,957]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">P.whitei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Lochkovian of Podolia shows a wide range of scale morphotypes (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFCDFFF35D518B8EFC19232A" author="Obruchev, D. V. & V. N. Karatajute-Talimaa" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" refId="ref25083" refString="Obruchev, D. V., and V. N. Karatajute-Talimaa. 1967. Ver- tebrate faunas and correlation of Ludlovian - Lower Devonian in eastern Europe. Pp. 5 - 14 in Patterson, C. and P. H. Greenwood (eds.). Fossil Vertebrates. Linnean Society of London and Academic Press, London." type="book" year="1967">Obruchev and Karatajūtė-Talimaa 1967</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 2 figs. 1–4,
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<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFCDFFF35D3E8C6BFA16232B" author="Karatajute-Talimaa, V. N." box="[1106,1421,1036,1063]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="21 - 51" refId="ref24007" refString="Karatajute-Talimaa, V. N. 1998. Determination methods for the exoskeletal remains of early vertebrates. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe 1: 21 - 51." type="journal article" year="1998">Karatajūtė-Talimaa 1998</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 6, 7).
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<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFCDFFF35A058C57FBC92346" author="Hanke, G. F. & M. V. H. Wilson & F. J. Saurette" box="[873,1106,1072,1098]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="529 - 543" refId="ref23511" refString="Hanke, G. F., M. V. H. Wilson, and F. J. Saurette. 2013. Partial articulated specimen of the Early Devonian putative chondrichthyan Polymerolepis whitei Karatajute-Talimaa, 1968, with an anal fin spine. Geodiversitas 35: 529 - 543." type="journal article" year="2013">Hanke et al. (2013</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 1–5) demonstrated in their description of a partial articulated specimen from the Lochkovian MOTH locality in the
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<collectingRegion id="F871AAAFFFCDFFF35DB68C11FA77239C" box="[1242,1516,1142,1168]" country="Canada" name="Northwest Territories" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Northwest Territories</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="42A224DDFFCDFFF35A2C8CFEFC0723BF" box="[832,924,1177,1203]" name="Canada" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Canada</collectingCountry>
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assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFCDFFF35D598CFFFB0123B8" box="[1077,1178,1176,1204]" genus="Polymerolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whitei">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFCDFFF35D598CFFFB0123B8" box="[1077,1178,1176,1204]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">P. whitei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, comprising an anal fin and part of the caudal fin and peduncle, that the scale variation over the body is even greater than seen in the
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<typeStatus id="E50EDAEFFFCDFFF35CD58C87FA6B23F6" box="[1465,1520,1248,1274]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
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scales. Specimens referred to
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<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFCDFFF35DC28D66FA882211" box="[1198,1299,1281,1309]" genus="Polymerolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whitei">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFCDFFF35DC28D66FA882211" box="[1198,1299,1281,1309]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">P. whitei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the younger Lochkovian (
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFCDFFF35A8D8D42FB84224D" box="[993,1055,1317,1345]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">delta</emphasis>
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conodont Zone) Windmill Limestone, Simpson Park Range, Nevada include head, fin, and body scales (
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<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFCDFFF35AF18D0AFB46228B" author="Turner, S. & M. A. Murphy" box="[925,1245,1388,1415]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" pagination="959 - 964" refId="ref26081" refString="Turner, S., and M. A. Murphy. 1988. Early Devonian vertebrate microfossils from the Simpson Park Range, Eureka County, Nevada. Journal of Paleontology 62: 959 - 964." type="journal article" year="1988">Turner and Murphy 1988</bibRefCitation>
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, table 1, figs. 2.14, 15, 20, 22–26). The Nevadan scales are the first record in the Silurian for this taxon. Given the morphological variation in scales from the known localities, it seems possible that more than one species is represented, so we only refer the BC II specimens to an open taxon within the genus rather than to the
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<typeStatus id="E50EDAEFFFCDFFF35D4F8E27FBC12156" box="[1059,1114,1600,1626]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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