273 lines
31 KiB
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273 lines
31 KiB
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<document id="89E1A5CD21107D249AE3B28FB44764CC" ID-CLB-Dataset="299690" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11512589" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d7a23684-9222-422b-868a-6c8712a4fd05" ID-ISSN="0068-547X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11512589" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1717719864538" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Leviton, Alan E., Siler, Cameron D., Weinell, Jeffrey L. & Brown, Rafe M." docDate="2018" docId="03B38B5C844EFFFAFFDCFB7FFCFCFE6F" docLanguage="en" docName="ProcCalifAcadSci.64.14.399-568.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Oxford, England) 64 (14)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512589" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B.2:ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B" docStyleName="ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Hydrophis annandalei Latreille 1801" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="459" masterDocId="FF8AF3248475FFC6FFA7FFACFFC3FFBA" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature" masterLastPageNumber="568" masterPageNumber="399" pageNumber="458" updateTime="1720709709257" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="68F225BC7375E7706A69009A1E7F51D7">Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4B48C9B6C5A53A61A537FDF20A2263C6">Leviton, Alan E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E01847291DA014C394445094944183D6">Herpetology Division, Institute of Biodiversity Science & Sustainibility, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118 & Research Associate, Division of Amphibians & Reptiles, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E5492036565A8438B5F5C082C0CB9C6C" type="email">aleviton@calacademy.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A795E95779CC34850B6CC8B0575BAE59">Siler, Cameron D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FD8E7EDFFAA4B85C26C87434A136CE13">Department of Biology and Sam Noble Museum, University of Oklahoma, 2401 Chautauqua Ave., Norman, OK 73072 - 7029, USA & Zoology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Rizal Park, Burgos Ave., Ermita 1000, Manila, Philippines.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E7E4538BAB0B8D579449A15361679644" type="email">camsiler@ou.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4EFA702A38B410F117CD55D90B5342A2">Weinell, Jeffrey L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F7AD0164D67905D08F21FA2B5CB3B7CD">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0D024F819F0F15190C9DAFA27E12BD48" type="email">jweine2@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9AB48DA5E718331BE88D1C7437A6C5AB">Brown, Rafe M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="77F77F15551FBF204004D144CD8B7BAB">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 & Zoology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Rizal Park, Burgos Ave., Ermita 1000, Manila, Philippines.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2EA1A6531D3A2A73C32997A392C330D8" type="email">rafe@ku.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="F996943C1AB6ED131294F9862649A709">Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DA971591F035CA9145A7B1ACA3ABBE32">
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<mods:date id="8F5DF94632912429BAB5E0D8CF075D00">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="3C498B754B0F50A09060F0FB91D10AFD">Oxford, England</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="D8608219E560A0858000915EA093276E">2018-03-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4C09D7ED7AE7B936940F02B7FC628336">64</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DAF21B184EDD0D3813B9247881A5082D">14</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="84695E89599D9455D532AE3C19544C93" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.11512589</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B38B5C844EFFFAFFDCFB7FFCFCFE6F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12724681" ID-GBIF-Taxon="235038053" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12724681" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38B5C844EFFFAFFDCFB7FFCFCFE6F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B38B5C844EFFFAFFDCFB7FFCFCFE6F" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="459" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">
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<subSubSection id="C30069C1844EFFFDFFDCFB7FFD70FB51" box="[123,691,1235,1259]" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA53A4A844EFFFDFFDCFB7FFD70FB51" blockId="59.[123,691,1235,1291]" box="[123,691,1235,1259]" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">
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<heading id="D0ED8D26844EFFFDFFDCFB7FFD70FB51" box="[123,691,1235,1259]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844EFFFDFFDCFB7FFD70FB51" ID-CoL="636MV" authority="(Laidlaw, 1901)" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1801" baseAuthorityName="Laidlaw" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[123,691,1235,1259]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFFDCFB7FFD70FB51" bold="true" box="[123,691,1235,1259]" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">
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<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFFDCFB7FFF2CFB51" bold="true" box="[123,239,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Hydrophis</emphasis>
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[
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<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFF59FB7FFEAEFB51" bold="true" box="[254,365,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Kolpophis</emphasis>
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]
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<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFED9FB7FFE39FB51" bold="true" box="[382,506,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">annandalei</emphasis>
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(Laidlaw, 1901)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30069C1844EFFFDFFDCFB5FFDAEFAB1" box="[123,621,1267,1291]" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BA53A4A844EFFFDFFDCFB5FFDAEFAB1" blockId="59.[123,691,1235,1291]" box="[123,621,1267,1291]" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Annandale’s Sea Snake; Bigheaded Sea Snake</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30069C1844EFFFDFF7CFAB1FC62FA35" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA53A4A844EFFFDFF7CFAB1FD54FA89" blockId="59.[219,1174,1309,1423]" box="[219,663,1309,1331]" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844EFFFDFF7CFAB1FD8DFA89" ID-CoL="885HG" authority="Laidlaw, 1901: 579" authorityName="Laidlaw" authorityPageNumber="579" authorityYear="1901" box="[219,590,1309,1331]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Distira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annandalei">
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<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFF7CFAB1FE52FA88" box="[219,401,1309,1330]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Distira annandalei</emphasis>
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Laidlaw, 1901:579
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 35.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA53A4A844EFFFDFF7CFA91FD91FACB" blockId="59.[219,1174,1309,1423]" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A1D64844EFFFDFF7CFA91FD91FACB" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844EFFFDFF7CFA91FDBBFAE9" author="SMITH, MALCOLM" box="[219,632,1341,1363]" page="106" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" year="1926">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844EFFFDFF7CFA91FDBBFAE9" authority=", Smith, 1926: 106" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1926" box="[219,632,1341,1363]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Kolpophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annandalei">
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<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFF7CFA91FE7BFAE8" box="[219,440,1341,1362]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Kolpophis annandalei</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844EFFFDFE6AFA91FDBBFAE9" author="SMITH, MALCOLM" box="[461,632,1341,1363]" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" refId="ref74429" refString="SMITH, MALCOLM A. 1926. Monograph of the Sea-Snakes (Hydrophiidae). Trustees of the British Museum, London, England, UK. xvii + (3) + 130 pp." type="book" year="1926">Smith, 1926:106</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132126CF844EFFFDFD2CFA91FD11FAE8" box="[651,722,1341,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="155.[687,699,1489,1508]" captionTargetBox="[120,647,965,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-28@155.[120,645,967,1324]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 31. Boiga dendrophila latifasciata (male) (Zamboanga City Prov., Mindanao Id.) (KU 334994). Photo © RMB." pageId="59" pageNumber="458">fig. 31</figureCitation>
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.— David and Ineich, 1999:121.— Wallach, Williams, and Boundy, 2014:345.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA53A4A844EFFFDFF7CFAD5FC62FA35" blockId="59.[219,1174,1309,1423]" box="[219,929,1401,1423]" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A1D64844EFFFDFF7CFAD5FC62FA35" box="[219,929,1401,1423]" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844EFFFDFF7CFAD5FC5EFA35" ID-CoL="636MV" authority=", Leviton, Brown, and Siler, 2014: 502" authorityName="Latreille" authorityPageNumber="502" authorityYear="1801" box="[219,925,1401,1423]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFF7CFAD5FEFCFA34" box="[219,319,1401,1422]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Hydrophis</emphasis>
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[
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<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFEE9FAD5FE72FA34" box="[334,433,1401,1422]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Kolpophis</emphasis>
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]
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B844EFFFDFE18FAD5FC5EFA35" author="LEVITON, ALAN & M. BROWN & AND CAMERON & D. SILER" box="[447,925,1401,1423]" page="502" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" year="2014">
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<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFE18FAD5FDE8FA34" box="[447,555,1401,1422]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">annandalei</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844EFFFDFD9FFAD5FC5EFA35" author="LEVITON, ALAN & M. BROWN & AND CAMERON & D. SILER" box="[568,925,1401,1423]" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" refId="ref67937" refString="LEVITON, ALAN E., RAFE M. BROWN, AND CAMERON D. SILER. 2014. The dangerously venomous snakes of the Philippine Archipelago. Pages 473 - 530 in G. C. Williams and T. M. Gosliner, eds., The Coral Triangle: The 2011 Hearst Biodiversity Philippine Expedition. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA." type="book" year="2014">Leviton, Brown, and Siler, 2014:502</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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|||
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</subSubSection>
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|||
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<footnote id="E8012644844EFFFDFF0CFA0FFD4BF90D" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">
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<paragraph id="8BA53A4A844EFFFDFF0CFA0FFD4BF90D" blockId="59.[123,1174,1443,1719]" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">
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* As the authors stated in an earlier publication (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844EFFFDFDCEFA0FFC2AFA0C" author="LEVITON, ALAN & M. BROWN & AND CAMERON & D. SILER" box="[617,1001,1443,1463]" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" refId="ref67937" refString="LEVITON, ALAN E., RAFE M. BROWN, AND CAMERON D. SILER. 2014. The dangerously venomous snakes of the Philippine Archipelago. Pages 473 - 530 in G. C. Williams and T. M. Gosliner, eds., The Coral Triangle: The 2011 Hearst Biodiversity Philippine Expedition. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA." type="book" year="2014">Leviton, Brown, and Siler [2014:501–502]</bibRefCitation>
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), David and Ineich (1999:104) reviewed the controversy surrounding the use of the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844EFFFDFD72FA11FCEDFA6A" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1801" box="[725,814,1469,1488]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFD72FA11FCEDFA6A" box="[725,814,1469,1488]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Hydrophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to include several nominal taxa,
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844EFFFDFBEDFA12FB53FA6A" box="[1098,1168,1470,1488]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Disteira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFBEDFA12FB53FA6A" box="[1098,1168,1470,1488]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Disteira</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844EFFFDFFDCFA7AFF25FA53" authorityName="Lacepède" authorityYear="1804" box="[123,230,1494,1513]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Leioselasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFFDCFA7AFF25FA53" box="[123,230,1494,1513]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Leioselasma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844EFFFDFEB1FA7BFE8EFA50" authorityName="Bronn" authorityYear="1838" box="[278,333,1495,1514]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aturia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFEB1FA7BFE8EFA50" box="[278,333,1495,1514]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Aturia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
that had been recognized by various authors. In so doing, they followed Rasmussen (1996), who also recommended recognizing
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844EFFFDFE2DFA5CFE0DF9B9" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1856" box="[394,462,1520,1539]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Astrotia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFE2DFA5CFE0DF9B9" box="[394,462,1520,1539]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Astrotia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844EFFFDFE5FFA5CFD91F9B9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" box="[504,594,1520,1539]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Enhydrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFE5FFA5CFD91F9B9" box="[504,594,1520,1539]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Enhydrina</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as distinct genera. More recently, several phylogenetic studies have led to the abandoment of at least 10 heretofore recognized genera by placing them and their included species in the genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844EFFFDFFDCF98FFF17F98C" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1801" box="[123,212,1571,1590]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFFDCF98FFF17F98C" box="[123,212,1571,1590]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Hydrophis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844EFFFDFF47F98FFE55F98C" author="SANDERS, KATE & S. Y & LEE, MUMPUNI & TERRY BERTOZZI, AND" box="[224,406,1571,1591]" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" pagination="575 - 591" refId="ref72853" refString="SANDERS, KATE L., MICHAEL S. Y. LEE, MUMPUNI, TERRY BERTOZZI, AND ARNE REDSTED RASMUSSEN. 2013. Multilocus phylogeny and recent rapid radiation of the viviparous sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66: 575 - 591, 4 figs., 1 table, Appendices A and B." type="book chapter" year="2013">Sanders et al. [2013]</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844EFFFDFE38F988FD87F98C" author="PYRON, R. & ALEXANDER, FRANK & T. BURBRINK & AND JOHN & J. WIENS" box="[415,580,1571,1591]" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" pagination="26 - 53" refId="ref71760" refString="PYRON, R. ALEXANDER, FRANK T. BURBRINK, AND JOHN J. WIENS. 2013. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13 (93): 26 - 53." type="journal article" year="2013">Pyron et al. [2013]</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Although we have adopted the newly proposed taxonomic arrangements here, we have also indicated where those changes have occurred by including in brackets [] the genus name to which the respective species had been previously assigned. It should be noted that the bracketed name does not imply a subgenus designation. The authors mistakenly assigned
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844EFFFDFDF0F9DCFCFFF939" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[599,828,1648,1667]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Microcephalophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFDF0F9DCFCFFF939" box="[599,828,1648,1667]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Microcephalophis gracilis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844EFFFDFCC6F9DCFC79F939" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1801" box="[865,954,1648,1667]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFCC6F9DCFC79F939" box="[865,954,1648,1667]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Hydrophis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, neglecting to note that
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB844EFFFDFFDCF926FE8CF927" author="SANDERS, KATE & S. Y & LEE, MUMPUNI & TERRY BERTOZZI, AND" box="[123,335,1674,1693]" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" pagination="575 - 591" refId="ref72853" refString="SANDERS, KATE L., MICHAEL S. Y. LEE, MUMPUNI, TERRY BERTOZZI, AND ARNE REDSTED RASMUSSEN. 2013. Multilocus phylogeny and recent rapid radiation of the viviparous sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66: 575 - 591, 4 figs., 1 table, Appendices A and B." type="book chapter" year="2013">Sanders et al. (2013:584)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
specifically recommended continued recognition of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844EFFFDFCA8F926FC6AF927" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1832" box="[783,937,1674,1693]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Microcephalophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFCA8F926FC6AF927" box="[783,937,1674,1693]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Microcephalophis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as a distinct genus from the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844EFFFDFFDCF90FFF17F90C" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1801" box="[123,212,1699,1718]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFFDCF90FFF17F90C" box="[123,212,1699,1718]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">Hydrophis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
core group to include
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844EFFFDFE30F908FE36F90C" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[407,501,1699,1718]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Microcephalophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFE30F908FE36F90C" box="[407,501,1699,1718]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">M. gracilis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C9844EFFFDFD87F908FD40F90C" authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1864" box="[544,643,1700,1718]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Microcephalophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="59" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cantoris">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EE658844EFFFDFD87F908FD40F90C" box="[544,643,1700,1718]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="458">M. cantoris</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</footnote>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C30069C18449FFFAFFDCFF77FC09FEA9" pageId="60" pageNumber="459" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA53A4A8449FFFAFFDCFF77FC09FEA9" blockId="60.[123,1174,219,469]" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EE6588449FFFAFFDCFF77FDF7FF49" bold="true" box="[123,564,219,243]" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968449FFFAFFDCFF77FF77FF48" baselines="237,237" box="[123,180,219,243]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">TYPE</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968449FFFAFF67FF72FEE8FF4B" baselines="236" box="[192,299,222,241]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="locality" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">LOCALITY</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968449FFFAFE92FF72FEA3FF4B" baselines="236" box="[309,352,222,241]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">AND</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968449FFFAFECBFF73FE62FF48" baselines="237" box="[364,417,223,242]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="type" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">TYPE</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968449FFFAFE09FF72FDDBFF4B" baselines="236" box="[430,536,222,241]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="specimen" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">SPECIMEN</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968449FFFAFD87FF72FDE8FF4B" baselines="236" box="[544,555,222,241]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="s" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">S</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.—
|
|||
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B7230178449FFFAFDFBFF77FC09FEA9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4905143343" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Malaysia" location="Patani Bay" pageId="60" pageNumber="459" specimenCode="BMNH 1946.1.17.56, BMNH 1926.10.18.1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
|||
|
|
<location id="8EC56C918449FFFAFDFBFF77FD14FF49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38B5C844EFFFAFFDCFB7FFCFCFE6F:8EC56C918449FFFAFDFBFF77FD14FF49" box="[604,727,219,243]" country="Malaysia" name="Patani Bay" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">Patani Bay</location>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30D7ADA8449FFFAFD40FF77FC8AFF49" box="[743,841,219,243]" name="Malaysia" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
Peninsula.
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="54A184E88449FFFAFC68FF77FBF5FF49" box="[975,1078,219,243]" pageId="60" pageNumber="459" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCode id="DBBC92318449FFFAFBE2FF77FEA4FEA9" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">BMNH 1946.1.17.56</specimenCode>
|
|||
|
|
(formerly
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCode id="DBBC92318449FFFAFE7BFF50FD01FEA9" box="[476,706,251,275]" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">BMNH 1926.10.18.1</specimenCode>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EE6588449FFFAFD69FF57FD35FEA9" box="[718,758,251,275]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">fide</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB8449FFFAFD5AFF57FC7DFEA9" author="SMITH, MALCOLM" box="[765,958,251,275]" pageId="60" pageNumber="459" refId="ref74429" refString="SMITH, MALCOLM A. 1926. Monograph of the Sea-Snakes (Hydrophiidae). Trustees of the British Museum, London, England, UK. xvii + (3) + 130 pp." type="book" year="1926">Smith [1926:107]</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C30069C18449FFFAFFDCFEB0FC95FE0F" pageId="60" pageNumber="459" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA53A4A8449FFFAFFDCFEB0FDA6FECE" blockId="60.[123,1174,219,469]" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EE6588449FFFAFFDCFEB0FE56FE88" bold="true" box="[123,405,284,308]" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968449FFFAFFDCFEB0FF30FE88" baselines="302,301" box="[123,243,284,308]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Philippine" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">PHILIPPINE</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968449FFFAFEA6FEB3FE56FE88" baselines="301" box="[257,405,287,306]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.—
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30D7ADA8449FFFAFE1AFEB0FDF6FE8E" box="[445,565,284,308]" name="Philippines" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(not yet reported from the
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30D7ADA8449FFFAFCDAFEB0FC36FE8E" box="[893,1013,284,308]" name="Philippines" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
but has been reported from coastal waters of northern Borneo [
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30D7ADA8449FFFAFD4FFE90FCF5FEEE" box="[744,822,316,340]" name="Brunei" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">Brunei</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
] and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30D7ADA8449FFFAFCC8FE90FC0AFEEE" box="[879,969,316,340]" name="Vietnam" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
in the South
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30D7ADA8449FFFAFBF1FE90FB55FEEE" box="[1110,1174,316,340]" name="China" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">China</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
Sea as well as the Gulf of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30D7ADA8449FFFAFE51FEF0FD99FECE" box="[502,602,348,372]" name="Thailand" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA53A4A8449FFFAFFDCFED0FC95FE0F" blockId="60.[123,1174,219,469]" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EE6588449FFFAFFDCFED0FD66FE2E" bold="true" box="[123,677,380,405]" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968449FFFAFFDCFED0FF21FE29" baselines="398,398" box="[123,226,380,404]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="General" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">GENERAL</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968449FFFAFF4FFE2CFEBFFE29" baselines="398" box="[232,380,384,403]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968449FFFAFE2DFE2CFE11FE29" baselines="398" box="[394,466,384,403]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="other" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">OTHER</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968449FFFAFE7FFE2CFDD1FE29" baselines="398" box="[472,530,384,403]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="than" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">THAN</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968449FFFAFDBFFED1FD5FFE29" baselines="399,398" box="[536,668,381,405]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Philippines" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30D7ADA8449FFFAFDBFFED1FD5FFE29" box="[536,668,381,405]" name="Philippines" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">PHILIPPINES</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.— Indonesia (Java), Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand (see David and Ineich [1999:121] for references).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C30069C18449FFFAFFDCFE11FCFCFE6F" box="[123,831,445,469]" pageId="60" pageNumber="459" type="conservation">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA53A4A8449FFFAFFDCFE11FCFCFE6F" blockId="60.[123,1174,219,469]" box="[123,831,445,469]" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EE6588449FFFAFFDCFE11FE0DFE6F" bold="true" box="[123,462,445,469]" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968449FFFAFFDCFE11FEDDFE6E" baselines="463,463" box="[123,286,445,469]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Conservation" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">CONSERVATION</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968449FFFAFE82FE6DFEB3FE6E" baselines="463" box="[293,368,449,468]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="status" pageId="60" pageNumber="459">STATUS</smallCapsWord>
|
|||
|
|
[IUCN]
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.— Data Deficient [2016] ver. 3.1.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|