Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature Author Leviton, Alan E. Herpetology Division, Institute of Biodiversity Science & Sustainibility, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118 & Research Associate, Division of Amphibians & Reptiles, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA. aleviton@calacademy.org Author Siler, Cameron D. Department of Biology and Sam Noble Museum, University of Oklahoma, 2401 Chautauqua Ave., Norman, OK 73072 - 7029, USA & Zoology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Rizal Park, Burgos Ave., Ermita 1000, Manila, Philippines. camsiler@ou.edu Author Weinell, Jeffrey L. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 jweine2@gmail.com Author Brown, Rafe M. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 & Zoology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Rizal Park, Burgos Ave., Ermita 1000, Manila, Philippines. rafe@ku.edu text Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 2018 Oxford, England 2018-03-29 64 14 399 568 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512589 journal article 299690 10.5281/zenodo.11512589 d7a23684-9222-422b-868a-6c8712a4fd05 0068-547X 11512589 Hydrophis [ Kolpophis ] annandalei (Laidlaw, 1901) Annandale’s Sea Snake; Bigheaded Sea Snake Distira annandalei Laidlaw, 1901:579 , pl. 35. Kolpophis annandalei , Smith, 1926:106 , fig. 31 .— David and Ineich, 1999:121.— Wallach, Williams, and Boundy, 2014:345. Hydrophis [ Kolpophis ] annandalei , Leviton, Brown, and Siler, 2014:502 . * As the authors stated in an earlier publication ( Leviton, Brown, and Siler [2014:501–502] ), David and Ineich (1999:104) reviewed the controversy surrounding the use of the name Hydrophis to include several nominal taxa, Disteira , Leioselasma , and Aturia that had been recognized by various authors. In so doing, they followed Rasmussen (1996), who also recommended recognizing Astrotia and Enhydrina as distinct genera. More recently, several phylogenetic studies have led to the abandoment of at least 10 heretofore recognized genera by placing them and their included species in the genus Hydrophis ( Sanders et al. [2013] ; Pyron et al. [2013] ). Although we have adopted the newly proposed taxonomic arrangements here, we have also indicated where those changes have occurred by including in brackets [] the genus name to which the respective species had been previously assigned. It should be noted that the bracketed name does not imply a subgenus designation. The authors mistakenly assigned Microcephalophis gracilis to Hydrophis , neglecting to note that Sanders et al. (2013:584) specifically recommended continued recognition of Microcephalophis as a distinct genus from the Hydrophis core group to include M. gracilis and M. cantoris . TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE SPECIMEN ( S ) .— Patani Bay , Malaysia Peninsula. Holotype : BMNH 1946.1.17.56 (formerly BMNH 1926.10.18.1 ; fide Smith [1926:107] ). PHILIPPINE DISTRIBUTION .— Philippines (not yet reported from the Philippines but has been reported from coastal waters of northern Borneo [ Brunei ] and Vietnam in the South China Sea as well as the Gulf of Thailand ). GENERAL DISTRIBUTION ( OTHER THAN PHILIPPINES ) .— Indonesia (Java), Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand (see David and Ineich [1999:121] for references). CONSERVATION STATUS [IUCN] .— Data Deficient [2016] ver. 3.1.