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<document id="EBAD07F8F1CD7EABB6C00419B4C01953" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3925.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="98cded51-dc88-46fd-a80c-7bdfdade7389" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287978" ID-ZooBank="A249B0D4-9913-41E0-A23B-E36EBACCD7A6" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461002801778" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kury, Adriano B." docDate="2015" docId="03AA87B99E12FFAAFF1AC3A2FAB8FEE7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03925p340.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3925 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cyphophthalmi" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="328" masterDocId="FF93FFC19E05FFB1FF8DC514FFBCFE1F" masterDocTitle="Opiliones are no longer the same — on suprafamilial groups in harvestmen (Arthropoda: Arachnida)" masterLastPageNumber="340" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="324" updateTime="1698565019771" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E596160F40F3CAE6E4E109D441869CBE">Opiliones are no longer the same — on suprafamilial groups in harvestmen (Arthropoda: Arachnida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2F4A4198D751296D6A918D732B4D67F7">Kury, Adriano B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="6A82FAD6001996CC856D2EBADE45C60F">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03AA87B99E12FFAAFF1AC3A2FAB8FEE7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5613021" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119598716" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5613021" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87B99E12FFAAFF1AC3A2FAB8FEE7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87B99E12FFAAFF1AC3A2FAB8FEE7" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="328" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
<subSubSection id="C31965249E12FFA6FF1AC3A2FDB9F8CF" box="[151,517,1718,1744]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBC36AF9E12FFA6FF1AC3A2FDB9F8CF" blockId="23.[151,517,1718,1744]" box="[151,517,1718,1744]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
<heading id="D0F481C39E12FFA6FF1AC3A2FDB9F8CF" bold="true" box="[151,517,1718,1744]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B977EABD9E12FFA6FF1AC3A2FDB9F8CF" bold="true" box="[151,517,1718,1744]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
Phylogeny of
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E12FFA6FECDC3A2FDB9F8CF" ID-CoL="4D7" box="[320,517,1718,1744]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cyphophthalmi">Cyphophthalmi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31965249E12FFAAFF1AC3E8FAB8FEE7" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="328" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBC36AF9E12FFA6FF1AC3E8FB8DF9F2" blockId="23.[151,1437,1788,2030]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
The mite-harvestmen (
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E12FFA6FE18C3E8FDFBF90A" box="[405,583,1788,1813]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cyphophthalmi">Cyphophthalmi</taxonomicName>
) are here presented in more detail, separated from the rest of the
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E12FFA6FAA5C3E8FA25F90A" box="[1320,1433,1788,1813]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Opiliones</taxonomicName>
. In
<figureCitation id="13382A2A9E12FFA6FF3BC234FEACF926" box="[182,272,1824,1849]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1665,1687]" captionTargetBox="[195,1391,331,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[195,1392,331,1643]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 20. Hypothesis C 1 of phylogeny of the Cyphophthalmi (Shear 1980 / 1993, morph). Shear (1980) was the first attempt ever of a cladistic analysis of the Cyphophthalmi. The analysis resulted in a symmetrical arrangement. Shear proposed the two infraorders Tropicophthalmi and Temperophthalmi. A sixth family was added in 1993. This graph is a combination of both works by Shear." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287998/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
to 23, are presented relevant hypotheses found in the literature concerning the branching pattern of the
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E12FFA6FF1AC250FEF5F942" box="[151,329,1860,1885]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cyphophthalmi">Cyphophthalmi</taxonomicName>
. The six following genera are here used to represent the major groups of
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E12FFA6FB47C250FAC4F942" box="[1226,1400,1860,1885]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cyphophthalmi">Cyphophthalmi</taxonomicName>
as currently understood, because they are the oldest in each family:
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E12FFA6FCE3C27EFB38F99E" authority="Hansen, 1921" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1921" box="[878,1156,1897,1921]" class="Arachnida" family="Neogoveidae" genus="Parogovia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EABD9E12FFA6FCE3C27EFC5FF99E" box="[878,995,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Parogovia</emphasis>
Hansen, 1921
</taxonomicName>
(for
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E12FFA6FB36C27CFF6FF9BA" authority="Shear, 1980" authorityName="Shear" authorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Neogoveidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Neogoveidae Shear, 1980</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E12FFA6FF64C299FE55F9BA" authority="Roewer, 1923" authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1923" box="[233,489,1933,1957]" class="Arachnida" family="Ogoveidae" genus="Ogovea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EABD9E12FFA6FF64C299FEFCF9BB" box="[233,320,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Ogovea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B5E9E12FFA6FEC7C299FE55F9BA" author="Roewer" box="[330,489,1933,1957]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" refString="Roewer, C. F. (1923) Die Weberknechte der Erde. Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannten Opiliones. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 1116 pp." type="book" year="1923">Roewer, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(for
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E12FFA6FDAAC298FC8AF9BA" authority="Shear, 1980" authorityName="Shear" authorityYear="1980" box="[551,822,1932,1957]" class="Arachnida" family="Ogoveidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ogoveidae Shear, 1980</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E12FFA6FCC1C298FBF1F9BA" authority="Thorell, 1876" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1876" box="[844,1101,1932,1957]" class="Arachnida" family="Pettalidae" genus="Pettalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EABD9E12FFA6FCC1C298FC14F9BA" box="[844,936,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Pettalus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B5E9E12FFA6FC3FC298FBF1F9BA" author="Thorell" box="[946,1101,1932,1957]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" refString="Thorell, T. T. T. (1876) Sopra alcuni Opilioni (Phalangidea) d'Europa e dell' Asia occidentale, con un quadro dei generi europei di quest' Ordine. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Series 1, 8, 452 - 508." type="journal article" year="1876">Thorell, 1876</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(for
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E12FFA6FB06C298FA33F9BA" authority="Shear, 1980" authorityName="Shear" authorityYear="1980" box="[1163,1423,1932,1957]" class="Arachnida" family="Pettalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pettalidae Shear, 1980</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E12FFA6FF1AC2A5FEC9F9D6" authority="Latreille, 1796" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1796" box="[151,373,1968,1993]" class="Arachnida" family="Sironidae" genus="Siro" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EABD9E12FFA6FF1AC2A5FF79F9D7" box="[151,197,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Siro</emphasis>
Latreille, 1796
</taxonomicName>
(for
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E12FFA6FE3CC2A4FD56F9D6" authority="C.L. Koch, 1839" authorityName="C.L. Koch" authorityYear="1839" box="[433,746,1968,1993]" class="Arachnida" family="Sironidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sironidae C.L. Koch, 1839</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E12FFA6FD72C2A4FB83F9D6" authority="Westwood, 1874" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1874" box="[767,1087,1968,1993]" class="Arachnida" family="Stylocellidae" genus="Stylocellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EABD9E12FFA6FD72C2A4FCCBF9D6" box="[767,887,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Stylocellus</emphasis>
Westwood, 1874
</taxonomicName>
(for
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E12FFA6FBF6C2A4FEF9F9F2" authority="Hansen and Sorensen, 1904" authorityName="Hansen and Sorensen" authorityYear="1904" class="Arachnida" family="Stylocellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Stylocellidae
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B5E9E12FFA6FA9BC2A5FEF9F9F2" author="Hansen" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" refString="Hansen, H. J. &amp; Sorensen, W. (1904) On two orders of Arachnida Opiliones, especially the suborder Cyphophthalmi, and Ricinulei, namely the family Cryptostemmatoidae. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 174 pp., VII pls." type="book" year="1904">Hansen and Sørensen, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E12FFA6FE0EC2C1FD17F9F2" authority="Juberthie, 1979" authorityName="Juberthie" authorityYear="1979" box="[387,683,2005,2030]" class="Arachnida" family="Troglosironidae" genus="Troglosiro" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EABD9E12FFA6FE0EC2C1FE4BF9F1" box="[387,503,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Troglosiro</emphasis>
Juberthie, 1979
</taxonomicName>
(for
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E12FFA6FD6EC2C1FB98F9F2" authority="Shear, 1993" authorityName="Shear" authorityYear="1993" box="[739,1060,2005,2030]" class="Arachnida" family="Troglosironidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Troglosironidae Shear, 1993</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36AF9E1DFFA9FF4AC583FB5BFEE7" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
Hypothesis C1 (
<figureCitation id="13382A2A9E1DFFA9FEF2C583FE6AFEAF" box="[383,470,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1665,1687]" captionTargetBox="[195,1391,331,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[195,1392,331,1643]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 20. Hypothesis C 1 of phylogeny of the Cyphophthalmi (Shear 1980 / 1993, morph). Shear (1980) was the first attempt ever of a cladistic analysis of the Cyphophthalmi. The analysis resulted in a symmetrical arrangement. Shear proposed the two infraorders Tropicophthalmi and Temperophthalmi. A sixth family was added in 1993. This graph is a combination of both works by Shear." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287998/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
): Shear (1980) published the first cladistic analysis of the
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E1DFFA9FBFCC583FA9EFEAF" box="[1137,1314,151,176]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cyphophthalmi">Cyphophthalmi</taxonomicName>
, unfolding the group into five families, which resulted in a symmetrical arrangement. Shear called his two major clades Tropicophthalmi and Temperophthalmi. Later, Shear (1993) added a sixth family,
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E1DFFA9FBA3C5CBFB58FEE7" box="[1070,1252,223,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Troglosironidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Troglosironidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7C66279E1DFFA9FF1AC395FED1F8EC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287998/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" targetBox="[195,1391,331,1621]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="8BBC36AF9E1DFFA9FF1AC395FED1F8EC" blockId="24.[151,1436,1665,1779]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
<emphasis id="B977EABD9E1DFFA9FF1AC395FB39F888" bold="true" box="[151,1157,1665,1687]" pageId="24" pageNumber="325">
FIGURE 20. Hypothesis C1 of phylogeny of the
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E1DFFA9FD22C395FCE5F888" box="[687,857,1665,1687]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cyphophthalmi">Cyphophthalmi</taxonomicName>
(Shear 1980/1993, morph).
</emphasis>
Shear (1980) was the first attempt ever of a cladistic analysis of the
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E1DFFA9FDB0C3B4FD62F8A9" box="[573,734,1696,1718]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="24" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cyphophthalmi">Cyphophthalmi</taxonomicName>
. The analysis resulted in a symmetrical arrangement. Shear proposed the two infraorders Tropicophthalmi and Temperophthalmi. A sixth family was added in 1993. This graph is a combination of both works by Shear.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBC36AF9E1CFFA8FF4AC583FB71FF03" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
Hypothesis C2 (
<figureCitation id="13382A2A9E1CFFA8FEF2C583FE6AFEAF" box="[383,470,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1562,1584]" captionTargetBox="[203,1382,337,1535]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[203,1384,337,1540]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 21. Hypothesis C 2 of phylogeny of the Cyphophthalmi (Boyer et al. 2007, mol). An important analysis, which failed to include Ogoveidae by lack of material for molecular study. This asymmetrical tree has Stylocellidae as sister group to the rest. They have not recovered any of Shear’s clades. A previous work (Giribet &amp; Boyer 2002) included both morphological and molecular analyses, but both are remarkably lacking in resolution, even for the monophyly of the families themselves." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287999/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
):
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B5E9E1CFFA8FE61C583FD46FEAF" author="Giribet" box="[492,762,151,176]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" refString="Giribet, G., Edgecombe, G. D. Wheeler, W. C. &amp; Babbitt, C. (2002) Phylogeny of the Arachnida and Opiliones: a combined approach using morphological and molecular sequence data. Cladistics, 18 (1), 5 - 70." type="journal article" year="2002">Giribet &amp; Boyer (2002)</bibRefCitation>
attempted both a morphological and a molecular analyses, which turned out very unresolved and it is not shown here. With a much expanded matrix,
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B5E9E1CFFA8FB0BC5A9FAE5FECB" box="[1158,1369,188,213]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" refString="Boyer, S. L., Clouse, R., Benavides, L. R., Sharma, P., Schwendinger, P. J., Kuranarathna, I. &amp; Giribet, G. (2007) Biogeography of the world: a case study from cyphophthalmid Opiliones, a globally distributed group of arachnids. Journal of Biogeography, 34, 2070 - 2085. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2007.01755. x" type="journal article">
Boyer
<emphasis id="B977EABD9E1CFFA8FB5DC5A9FAB4FECA" box="[1232,1288,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
made an important molecular analysis of the
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E1CFFA8FDE4C5CBFCA6FEE7" box="[617,794,223,248]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cyphophthalmi">Cyphophthalmi</taxonomicName>
, but failed to include
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E1CFFA8FBA8C5CBFB22FEE7" box="[1061,1182,223,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Ogoveidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ogoveidae</taxonomicName>
because of a lack of material for molecular study. This asymmetrical tree has
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E1CFFA8FC98C410FC1BFF02" box="[789,935,260,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Stylocellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Stylocellidae</taxonomicName>
as sister group to the rest.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7C66279E1CFFA8FF1AC30EFAD2F894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287999/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" targetBox="[203,1382,337,1535]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="8BBC36AF9E1CFFA8FF1AC30EFAD2F894" blockId="25.[151,1436,1562,1675]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
<emphasis id="B977EABD9E1CFFA8FF1AC30EFC1BF82F" bold="true" box="[151,935,1562,1584]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
FIGURE 21. Hypothesis C2 of phylogeny of the
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E1CFFA8FD26C30EFCE9F82F" box="[683,853,1562,1584]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cyphophthalmi">Cyphophthalmi</taxonomicName>
(Boyer
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B977EABD9E1CFFA8FC22C30FFC58F82F" box="[943,996,1562,1584]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">et al.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B977EABD9E1CFFA8FC61C30EFBD8F82F" bold="true" box="[1004,1124,1562,1584]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">2007, mol).</emphasis>
An important analysis, which failed to include
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E1CFFA8FECFC32CFE13F851" box="[322,431,1592,1614]" class="Arachnida" family="Ogoveidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ogoveidae</taxonomicName>
by lack of material for molecular study. This asymmetrical tree has
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E1CFFA8FBE8C32CFB55F851" box="[1125,1257,1592,1614]" class="Arachnida" family="Stylocellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Stylocellidae</taxonomicName>
as sister group to the rest. They have not recovered any of Shear’s clades. A previous work (Giribet &amp; Boyer 2002) included both morphological and molecular analyses, but both are remarkably lacking in resolution, even for the monophyly of the families themselves.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBC36AF9E1FFFABFF4AC583FE05FF02" blockId="26.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
Hypothesis C3 (
<figureCitation id="13382A2A9E1FFFABFE1CC583FE53FEAF" box="[401,495,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1557,1579]" captionTargetBox="[206,1380,337,1530]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[206,1381,337,1536]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 22. Hypothesis C 3 of phylogeny of the Cyphophthalmi (Clouse &amp; Giribet 2010, mol; Clouse et. al. 2010, comb). Mostly molecular, which also did not include Ogoveidae. It was substantially different from Boyer’s analysis. They have not proposed any superfamilial names, but did recover the clade later known as Boreophthalmi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288000/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
): Clouse et. al. (2010) analyzed the
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E1FFFABFC46C583FBDCFEAF" box="[971,1120,151,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Stylocellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Stylocellidae</taxonomicName>
, including also the other
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E1FFFABFF1AC5A8FEF9FECA" box="[151,325,188,213]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cyphophthalmi">Cyphophthalmi</taxonomicName>
families. They used molecular data, and also did not include
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E1FFFABFBA0C5A8FB16FECA" box="[1069,1194,188,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Ogoveidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ogoveidae</taxonomicName>
. It was substantially different from Boyer’s analysis. They have not proposed any superfamilial names, but did recover the clade later known as Boreophthalmi.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7C66279E1FFFABFF1AC301FB84F877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288000/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" targetBox="[206,1380,337,1530]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="8BBC36AF9E1FFFABFF1AC301FB84F877" blockId="26.[151,1436,1557,1640]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B977EABD9E1FFFABFF1AC301FA20F834" bold="true" box="[151,1436,1557,1579]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
FIGURE 22. Hypothesis C3 of phylogeny of the
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E1FFFABFD14C301FCFFF834" box="[665,835,1557,1579]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Cyphophthalmi">Cyphophthalmi</taxonomicName>
(Clouse &amp; Giribet 2010, mol; Clouse et. al. 2010, comb).
</emphasis>
Mostly molecular, which also did not include
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E1FFFABFDFCC320FD5EF855" box="[625,738,1588,1610]" class="Arachnida" family="Ogoveidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ogoveidae</taxonomicName>
. It was substantially different from Boyer’s analysis. They have not proposed any superfamilial names, but did recover the clade later known as Boreophthalmi.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBC36AF9E1EFFAAFF4AC583FAB8FEE7" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
Hypothesis C4 (
<figureCitation id="13382A2A9E1EFFAAFEF1C583FE6DFEAF" box="[380,465,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1647,1669]" captionTargetBox="[151,1412,303,1602]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,303,1620]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 23. Hypothesis C 4 of phylogeny of the Cyphophthalmi (Giribet et al. 2011). Finally material of Ogoveidae was obtained for molecular study. The result was this asymmetrical tree, with Pettalidae as sister group of the rest as in Clouse et al. (2010). They recovered one of Shear’s clades, the Ogoveoidea. Three new infraordinal names were proposed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288001/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
): Giribet
<emphasis id="B977EABD9E1EFFAAFDB1C58DFDC8FEAF" box="[572,628,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">et al.</emphasis>
(2011) finally obtained material of
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E1EFFAAFB8BC583FBC3FEAF" box="[1030,1151,151,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Ogoveidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ogoveidae</taxonomicName>
for molecular study. The result showed
<taxonomicName id="4C034D2C9E1EFFAAFECEC5A8FE0DFECA" box="[323,433,188,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Pettalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pettalidae</taxonomicName>
as sister group of the rest as in Clouse
<emphasis id="B977EABD9E1EFFAAFC11C5A9FC66FECA" box="[924,986,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">et al.</emphasis>
(2010) and some novel groups. They recovered only one of Shear’s clades, the Ogoveoidea. Three new infraordinal names were proposed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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