treatments-xml/data/AA/63/B9/AA63B94AF093547F99D63E116AAE19D2.xml

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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="4348" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1059.68385" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a0c40684-8d8e-4aa2-ab8e-461105f5ea96" ID-PMC="PMC8426314" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1059-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="ABC7C4F5491951E59A72F1FFC1BC0A5F" ID-PubMed="34566444" ID-ZooBank="650D7F4C990E4CBF88E3F0CD38EEC377" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1059-1" checkinTime="1630544413484" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Chen, Zhe-Yu, Lyu, Zhi-Tong &amp; Wu, Min" docDate="2021" docId="AA63B94AF093547F99D63E116AAE19D2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1059: 1-21" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1059" docPubDate="2021-09-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1059.68385" docTitle="Stegodera Martens 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="ABC7C4F5491951E59A72F1FFC1BC0A5F" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="ABC7C4F5491951E59A72F1FFC1BC0A5F" masterDocTitle="Systematic revision of Stegodera Martens, 1876 (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Camaenidae), with description of a new genus" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732803461375" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="50863CB5AB62D8FBCB5E9A95DAD4870F">Systematic revision of Stegodera Martens, 1876 (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Camaenidae), with description of a new genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="58F7D792D5E33C979EFE8FA61C3DB737">Chen, Zhe-Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="467A04F7CE680058F7D2070E201900E7">College of food science and engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China &amp; School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="334BA083239E917EAF511ADE32B7DFEC">Lyu, Zhi-Tong</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="AA63B94AF093547F99D63E116AAE19D2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="185459885" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA63B94AF093547F99D63E116AAE19D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA63B94AF093547F99D63E116AAE19D2" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Camaenidae" scope_order="Stylommatophora">
<subSubSection id="9C6323E56667DEE7C7CC206DC829E67E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="96AC3A1BA6A585F843095190D7696536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="32E704308FE3ACA9B7DC5A43DB1FDA10" ID-CoL="7PHFL" LSID="AA63B94A-F093-547F-99D6-3E116AAE19D2" authority="Martens, 1876" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Stegodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodera" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Stegodera Martens, 1876</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1CBBAB72A85093A491BCA1475BB251AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F8847A14B6809DF7A62B1F3F6D27F816" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="D66E35812852D94D721E0DCB1975683D" authority="" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix (Stegodera)" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stegodera">Helix (Stegodera)</taxonomicName>
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Martens in Pfeiffer 1876: 150;
<bibRefCitation id="57246FC4A910236ED7B32D8EB182A28D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064109" author="Schmacker, B" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Malacological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="169 - 174" refId="B38" refString="Schmacker, B, Boettger, O, 1894. Description of some Chinese land-shells. Proceedings of the Malacological Society 1: 169 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064109" title="Description of some Chinese land-shells." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064109" volume="1" year="1894">Schmacker and Boettger 1894</bibRefCitation>
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: 173.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="963F912F8FEC8EFBC5DCFFD6E310F429" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="B7A5816D4FB9DC2233581109E4797C59" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Stegodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodera" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Stegodera</taxonomicName>
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. -
<bibRefCitation id="33D6035D8DC041F368BCC87C110E3528" author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="63 - 67" refId="B29" refString="Pilsbry, HA, 1905. Notes on Moellendorffia and Stegodera. The Nautilus 19: 63 - 67" title="Notes on Moellendorffia and Stegodera." volume="19" year="1905">Pilsbry 1905</bibRefCitation>
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: 64,
<bibRefCitation id="5E89571984E8C3EA108CAC24BEC5FE39" author="Yen, TC" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 234" refId="B50" refString="Yen, TC, 1939. Die chinesischen Land- und Suesswasser-Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 444: 1 - 234" title="Die chinesischen Land- und Suesswasser-Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg." volume="444" year="1939">Yen 1939</bibRefCitation>
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: 126;
<bibRefCitation id="990BCA070E27A63FE50A5CA38A800EAF" author="Zilch, A" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B51" refString="Zilch, A, 1960. Teil 2, Euthyneura. In: Wenz W (Ed.) Gastropoda, Handbuch der Palaeozoologie (ed. Schindewolf OH), Band 6, Gastropoda. Berlin: Gebrueder Borntraeger, 835 pp. [(4): 601-835 (1960)] [Abb. 2112-2515, I-XII]" title="Teil 2, Euthyneura. In: Wenz W (Ed.) Gastropoda, Handbuch der Palaeozoologie (ed. Schindewolf OH), Band 6, Gastropoda. Berlin: Gebrueder Borntraeger, 835 pp. [(4): 601 - 835 (1960)] [Abb. 2112 - 2515, I-XII]" year="1960">Zilch 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 610;
<bibRefCitation id="79A6770AFF4083D35815182548FA1625" author="Schileyko, AA" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1467 - 1626" refId="B36" refString="Schileyko, AA, 2003. Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 11. Trigonochlamydidae, Papillodermidae, Vitrinidae, Limacidae, Bielziidae, Agriolimacidae, Boettgerillidae, Camaenidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (11): 1467 - 1626" title="Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 11. Trigonochlamydidae, Papillodermidae, Vitrinidae, Limacidae, Bielziidae, Agriolimacidae, Boettgerillidae, Camaenidae." volume="2" year="2003">Schileyko 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 1512.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C0924194D8CAEF49EB2ECE00CDC8582" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="51536A955BF76475235BA47579C97778" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1879" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Steganodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Steganodera" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Steganodera</taxonomicName>
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Kobelt, 1879: 236 (incorrect subsequent spelling or unjustified emendation);
<bibRefCitation id="B82C15D4A943CECA548B2098C895BF63" author="Schileyko, AA" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1467 - 1626" refId="B36" refString="Schileyko, AA, 2003. Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 11. Trigonochlamydidae, Papillodermidae, Vitrinidae, Limacidae, Bielziidae, Agriolimacidae, Boettgerillidae, Camaenidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (11): 1467 - 1626" title="Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 11. Trigonochlamydidae, Papillodermidae, Vitrinidae, Limacidae, Bielziidae, Agriolimacidae, Boettgerillidae, Camaenidae." volume="2" year="2003">Schileyko 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 1512 (syn pro
<taxonomicName id="0B8D5D608721A2999C8AE487F0DD4AFB" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Stegodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodera" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Stegodera</taxonomicName>
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Martens, 1876).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F39EC01506DCD935BFA03DB92CE1508" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="55856FE93401B3D6D77BF70FDE3D6243" authority="" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Plectopylis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectopylis (Stegodera)" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stegodera">Plectopylis (Stegodera)</taxonomicName>
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. - Pilsbry 1894: 147.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="23BA5F2BDC5AEF9D05D1DE48479E5550" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="02B7348A37CBA1D066007CFA1D4E463E" authority="" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Planispira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Planispira (Stegodera)" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Stegodera">Planispira (Stegodera)</taxonomicName>
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. -
<bibRefCitation id="826863C229C60B416EBA73937EB7B2E3" author="Thiele, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Molluscan Studies" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B40" refString="Thiele, J, 1931. Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde. Vol. 1, Teil 2: 377-778. Gustav Fischer, Jena." title="Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde. Vol. 1, Teil 2: 377 - 778. Gustav Fischer, Jena." year="1931">Thiele 1931</bibRefCitation>
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: 681.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ADF32A40889EF1EF685CC5D2589E22EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
<paragraph id="04E8F78C4D6626795195C40AA305C035" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B6E11A67DA963E2B216219FD9B2186C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="B673521A51DD9E8F79FDF3F6874E3968" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1875" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix angusticollis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="angusticollis">
<emphasis id="472FCF4E6AC236E676CA10B77FF52537" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helix angusticollis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
Martens, 1875, by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D35C01915D33DDBBF929F8FFD5454B62" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B9632FE1F30026F9E27C8A837A9B6AC8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="42E18F197C463EE8D240729CC3AC9E2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell sinistral. Apical whorls with dense fine ribs that gradually becoming granules. The last 1/4 body whorl compressed, apically covering the contacted penultimate whorl. Peristome expanded and slightly reflexed. Head wart absent. Each side of mantle edge with a leaf-shaped appendage. Penis sheath weakly present. Penis externally simple. Epiphallic papilla absent. Flagellum present. Dart sac apparatus present. Accessory sac well developed. Mucous glands with numerous gland tubes. Membranous sac surrounding terminal genitalia absent. Poly-layered structure in dart sac and/or accessory sac absent.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93D0251CC7029042779B35B783B98346" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="11398C7A6C3C693DF7D5539FD137E443" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77BCB7581D432034B7A2B42FE4B3CB79" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This genus was considered as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="234F96A921D9481A4371BB61C4FDBFC8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="054826499013BAB8FC83E79927521F8B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
Linnaeus, 1758 or
<taxonomicName id="59E82D6410EDA7A0DE402A85E316ECC3" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1860" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Plectopylis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plectopylis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="552B5E71B25DF2C72867FF21308333B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plectopylis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
Benson, 1860 for some time (Martens 1876;
<bibRefCitation id="BCFC01D39EA82005F9C854EE70D6E493" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064109" author="Schmacker, B" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Malacological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="169 - 174" refId="B38" refString="Schmacker, B, Boettger, O, 1894. Description of some Chinese land-shells. Proceedings of the Malacological Society 1: 169 - 174, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064109" title="Description of some Chinese land-shells." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.mollus.a064109" volume="1" year="1894">Schmacker and Boettger 1894</bibRefCitation>
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; Pilsbry 1894).
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1D48CE42F458770F50DD0AA8B4CD5" author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="63 - 67" refId="B29" refString="Pilsbry, HA, 1905. Notes on Moellendorffia and Stegodera. The Nautilus 19: 63 - 67" title="Notes on Moellendorffia and Stegodera." volume="19" year="1905">Pilsbry (1905)</bibRefCitation>
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formally established its independent status.
<taxonomicName id="5261055B2BE6ED028B4D82BA881D7A73" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Stegodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodera" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="547FEA8CB101F4EFB00D30AF586E1B35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stegodera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7764415CE0AF8006195CC84D824F2900" authorityName="Ancey" authorityYear="1887" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Traumatophora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatophora" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="51C4DEAC15779561F7ACBCD67AB29BE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Traumatophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
Ancey, 1887 were considered to be closely related, and
<taxonomicName id="39B4D8B5FB837A2313223DCFEF1508EB" authorityName="Ancey" authorityYear="1887" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Traumatophora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatophora" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="01D5D4CBFA48E2CECB164C73A8A9D22C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Traumatophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
was once treated as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="99CBE918F2BA9A9009742609144DD1D4" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Stegodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodera" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8633DBF4851546A218CBF76E9781593" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stegodera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7A2B39B1ABF430A25D295ECD427643C8" author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="63 - 67" refId="B29" refString="Pilsbry, HA, 1905. Notes on Moellendorffia and Stegodera. The Nautilus 19: 63 - 67" title="Notes on Moellendorffia and Stegodera." volume="19" year="1905">Pilsbry 1905</bibRefCitation>
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;
<bibRefCitation id="754ABE85514ABB74F4147C808D086EA8" author="Gude, GK" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="52 - 73" refId="B12" refString="Gude, GK, 1920. The armature of land Mollusca. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 14 (1): 52 - 73" title="The armature of land Mollusca." volume="14" year="1920">Gude 1920</bibRefCitation>
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).
<bibRefCitation id="779D1461500408980011DF1C19326836" author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="63 - 67" refId="B29" refString="Pilsbry, HA, 1905. Notes on Moellendorffia and Stegodera. The Nautilus 19: 63 - 67" title="Notes on Moellendorffia and Stegodera." volume="19" year="1905">Pilsbry (1905)</bibRefCitation>
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believed that the two shallow grooves in the throat area of
<taxonomicName id="A9DB3122D9C32C9B842EDC7DAED189AC" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Stegodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodera" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8D2988C6E90B3FBE56BA792AB3FF6375" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stegodera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
are likely to be homologous to the dentition in
<taxonomicName id="F87679FBB52CB7B4112A97716F35A8D7" authorityName="Ancey" authorityYear="1887" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Traumatophora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traumatophora" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1E4B4B44B69459A47DFCBB1D5253DB4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Traumatophora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ADDBF9309D5261D60CC96C47C2001559" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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In light of the genital system,
<taxonomicName id="2C3656E8C9C03762AFF6382970A835B9" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1876" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Stegodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodera" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3AE6A86227A9D9111B29423A3BDB663A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stegodera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
shares with
<taxonomicName id="B92FC153CBC78F66B538ABF7F2BAF654" authorityName="Kuroda &amp; Emura" authorityYear="1943" class="Gastropoda" family="Camaenidae" genus="Nesiohelix" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesiohelix" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9FC5F6EDD105EF1364BC2A3F47B6BB89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nesiohelix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
the most important character states like the presences of flagellum, numerous tubes of mucous glands and the papilla distally leading to mucous glands on the inner wall of the accessory sac, and the absences of the epiphallic papilla, poly-layered structure in dart sac apparatus and membranous sac surrounding terminal genitalia (
<bibRefCitation id="DB768C56E39351AC43AC0472380D3B16" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.835.32697" author="Wu, M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="139 - 152" refId="B46" refString="Wu, M, 2019. A taxonomic note on the helicoid land snail genus Traumatophora (Eupulmonata, Camaenidae). ZooKeys 835: 139 - 152, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.835.32697" title="A taxonomic note on the helicoid land snail genus Traumatophora (Eupulmonata, Camaenidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.835.32697" volume="835" year="2019">Wu 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). The close relationship between them in genitalia is supported by the phylogenetic result of this work (Fig.
<figureCitation id="864E26AA2B115165FACF2E4C4A3D81AC" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Bayesian Inferences of camaenids (representatives of genera in Table 1) based on partial mitochondrial 16 S and CO 1 sequences. Numbers near nodes indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities. The squares on the right of each taxon name indicate its character states. Abbreviations: PS: penial sheath; EpP: epiphallic papilla; PC: penial caecum; Fl: flagellum; DS: dart sac apparatus A phylogram without Australian camaenids B the results of ancestral states (tagged on branch in red, blue, or black) reconstruction mapping on the phylogram with some Australian camaenid genera added. Orange part: the topologies supported by the results respectively by using both Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood methods. Character states are from Schileyko (2003) and Wu (2019). Scale bars for substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1059.68385.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/584114" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1A, B</figureCitation>
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>