<documentid="73D91CC4657A7CA6CEBAA08FE0029E75"ID-DOI="10.3897/vz.74.e121110"ID-ZooBank="0228B083-CB4C-4DE3-8332-58DD834E7AC2"ID-publisher-id="121110"URI-arpha="F76DBFBA-0FC4-54BD-869E-0D6B3169DA92"URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/0228B083-CB4C-4DE3-8332-58DD834E7AC2"XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin"XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin"XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin"article-type="research-article"checkinTime="1728647925164"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Vences, Miguel, Köhler, Jörn, Hutter, Carl R., Preick, Michaela, Petzold, Alice, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Ratsoavina, Fanomezana M., Glaw, Frank & Scherz, Mark D."docDate="2024"docId="D197623F8F915E3B95F7D13786C35173"docLanguage="en"docName="Vertebrate Zoology 74: 643-681"docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 74"docSource="https://vertebrate-zoology.arphahub.com/article/121110/download/xml/"docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic"docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic"docTitle="Boophis picardi Vences, Köhler, Hutter, Preick, Petzold, Rakotoarison, Ratsoavina, Glaw & Scherz, 2024, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="3"dtd-version="3.0"lastPageNumber="681"masterDocId="F76DBFBA0FC454BD869E0D6B3169DA92"masterDocTitle="Communicator whistles: A Trek through the taxonomy of the Boophis marojezensis complex reveals seven new, morphologically cryptic treefrogs from Madagascar (Amphibia: Anura: Mantellidae)"masterLastPageNumber="681"masterPageNumber="643"pageNumber="643"updateTime="1728683483982"updateUser="admin">
<mods:titleid="7FBE1C86A0E5072AB09FE35BE67EB359">Communicator whistles: A Trek through the taxonomy of the Boophis marojezensis complex reveals seven new, morphologically cryptic treefrogs from Madagascar (Amphibia: Anura: Mantellidae)</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="072A7EC605B0BCFEAD0A5C6074DBF363">Museum of Natural Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="A6758419F367106C34EF429704E1277B">Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24 - 25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="408286702D94E280A8DD338110535910">Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24 - 25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="54837C1FA1E2925C7307BE3DC4F27D5A">Mention Environnement, Université de l’Itasy, Faliarivo Ambohidanerana, 118 Soavinandriana Itasy, Madagascar & School for International Training, VN 41 A Bis Ankazolava Ambohitsoa, Antananarivo, 101 Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="D89B5CA2A08E6A7B018001DF782E92A6">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="B2681174C1559CD4EA37382BB14E3979"authorityName="Vences & Köhler & Hutter & Preick & Petzold & Rakotoarison & Ratsoavina & Glaw & Scherz"authorityYear="2024"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="picardi"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="5443E3E13D2200337F50CE9C20433D25"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 6. Preserved holotypes in dorsal and ventral views of the eight nominal species in the Boophis marojezensis complex described in this study."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151254">Lineage D Figures 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="E94D4E33FF2E6C4B5935876E31B981BF"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 9. Individuals of Boophis picardi sp. nov. in life. A, B male paratype KU 340641 (CRH 275) from Vohimana in dorsolateral and ventral view. C, D male paratypes from An’Ala, not assignable to specific voucher specimens."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151257">9</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="29A929D201A8FE032AAA558CCE7BD9CE"DOI="10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.027"author="Hutter CR & Lambert SM & Andriampenomanana ZF & Glaw F & Vences M"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Hutter"journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"pagination="568-578"refId="B42"refString="Hutter CR, Lambert SM, Andriampenomanana ZF, Glaw F, Vences M (2018) Molecular systematics and diversification of Malagasy bright-eyed tree frogs (Mantellidae: Boophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127: 568–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.027"title="Molecular systematics and diversification of Malagasy bright-eyed tree frogs (Mantellidae: Boophis)."volume="127"year="2018">Hutter et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
. It was included in
<taxonomicNameid="B1FD1D75E911F1271993DDA0EFC98262"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
<bibRefCitationid="BE1483CC1E12EB21D259077A5A1FD79F"author="Glaw F & Vences M & Andreone F & Vallan D"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Glaw"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"pagination="495-529"refId="B38"refString="Glaw F, Vences M, Andreone F, Vallan D (2001) Revision of the Boophis majori group (Amphibia: Mantellidae) from Madagascar, with descriptions of five new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 133: 495–529."title="Revision of the Boophis majori group (Amphibia: Mantellidae) from Madagascar, with descriptions of five new species."volume="133"year="2001">Glaw et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="441BAFD78301E7E25202BDADF9EF22BA"author="Glaw F & Vences M"firstAuthor="Glaw"journalOrPublisher="Vences and Glaw Verlags GbR, Cologne"refId="B37"refString="Glaw F, Vences M (2007) A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Vences and Glaw Verlags GbR, Cologne, 496 pp."title="A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar."year="2007">Glaw and Vences (2007)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="2F58F788E41C8893FE432A759996F1B8"DOI="10.1073/pnas.0810821106"author="Vieites DR & Wollenberg KC & Andreone F & Köhler J & Glaw F & Vences M"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Vieites"journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA"pagination="8267-8272"refId="B95"refString="Vieites DR, Wollenberg KC, Andreone F, Köhler J, Glaw F, Vences M (2009) Vast underestimation of Madagascar’s biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106: 8267–8272. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810821106"title="Vast underestimation of Madagascar’s biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory."volume="106"year="2009">Vieites et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitationid="47A55E41E6D0EC6C81FC9A49DB5C716E"DOI="10.1007/s10531-012-0262-x"author="Rosa GM & Andreone F & Crottini A & Hauswaldt JS & Noël J & Rabibisoa NH & Randriambahiniarime MO & Rebelo R & Raxworthy CJ"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Rosa"journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation"pagination="1531-1559"refId="B75"refString="Rosa GM, Andreone F, Crottini A, Hauswaldt JS, Noël J, Rabibisoa NH, Randriambahiniarime MO, Rebelo R, Raxworthy CJ (2012) The amphibians of the relict Betampona low-elevation rainforest, eastern Madagascar: An application of the integrative taxonomy approach to biodiversity assessments. Biodiversity and Conservation 21: 1531–1559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0262-x"title="The amphibians of the relict Betampona low-elevation rainforest, eastern Madagascar: An application of the integrative taxonomy approach to biodiversity assessments."volume="21"year="2012">Rosa et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
, and not explicitly included or mentioned in the studies of
<bibRefCitationid="DAE8AF4D3A48BBAE2F64A2DA8B70BE6D"DOI="10.3897/zookeys.178.1410"author="Randrianiaina R-D & Strauß A & Glos J & Vences M"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Randrianiaina"journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys"pagination="59-124"refId="B70"refString="Randrianiaina R-D, Strauß A, Glos J, Vences M (2012) Diversity of strongly rheophilous tadpoles of Malagasy tree frogs, genus Boophis (Anura, Mantellidae), and identification of new candidate species via larval DNA sequence and morphology. ZooKeys 178: 59–124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.178.1410"title="Diversity of strongly rheophilous tadpoles of Malagasy tree frogs, genus Boophis (Anura, Mantellidae), and identification of new candidate species via larval DNA sequence and morphology."volume="178"year="2012">Randrianiaina et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitationid="ABCFDFF8C33E8EB7C4957E2302011CB3"DOI="10.1163/15685381-00002942"author="Perl RGB & Nagy ZT & Sonet G & Glaw F & Wollenberg KC & Vences M"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Perl"journalOrPublisher="Amphibia - Reptilia"pagination="197-206"refId="B64"refString="Perl RGB, Nagy ZT, Sonet G, Glaw F, Wollenberg KC, Vences M (2014) DNA barcoding Madagascar’s amphibian fauna. Amphibia - Reptilia 35: 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002942"title="DNA barcoding Madagascar’s amphibian fauna."volume="35"year="2014">Perl et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
. Adult specimens from Mandraka considered to represent
<bibRefCitationid="B008D53AF9DD0ACF0CE83F485FE9F5DC"author="Blommers-Schlösser RMA"journalOrPublisher="Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde"pagination="261-312"refId="B10"refString="Blommers-Schlösser RMA (1979 b) Biosystematics of the Malagasy frogs. II. The genus Boophis (Rhacophoridae). Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 49: 261–312."title="Biosystematics of the Malagasy frogs. II. The genus Boophis (Rhacophoridae)."volume="49">Blommers-Schlösser (1979 b</bibRefCitation>
<materialsCitationid="302B81397F2D6A230711DE4FC8969D52"collectingDate="2006-02-07"collectingDateMax="2006-02-08"collectingDateMin="2006-02-07"collectionCode="R"collectorName="D. R. Vieites & M. Vences & F. Rabemananjara & P. Bora & C. Weldon & J. Patton"country="Madagascar"elevation="889"latitude="-18.9193"location="An'Ala"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="48.488"specimenCode="ZSM 264 / 2006"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-male="1"typeStatus="holotype">
<materialsCitationid="5C9FC4A571D2885642C6B4BF5D2CDEAB"collectingDate="2014-12-10"collectionCode="KU"collectorName="C. R. Hutter & S. M. Lambert & Z. F. Andriampenomanana & S. Justin"elevation="787"latitude="-18.9209"location="Vohimana"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="48.5122"specimenCode="KU 340631, KU 340641"specimenCount="2"specimenCount-female="1"specimenCount-male="1">
, presence of intercalary element between ultimate and penultimate phalanx of fingers and toes (verified by external examination), presence of webbing between fingers, presence of nuptial pads in males, and absence of femoral glands in males. Assigned to the
<taxonomicNameid="680AE02E100E261120666F77C9243C85"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="blommersae">
), predominantly brownish dorsal coloration, absence of red color on webbing or ventral side of limbs of many specimens, calling males along streams, and molecular phylogenetic relationships. Within the
<taxonomicNameid="D98F01626A5D795900D2393D3A3E78C0"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="blommersae">
group, defined by absence of dorsolateral bands, presence of distinct red color in outer iris area, especially its dorsal and ventral edges, in most specimens, and advertisement calls with high dominant frequencies of 4903–5819 Hz consisting of 17–25 whistling notes comprising multiple short (19‒78 ms) and a few long notes (90–225 ms). Also characterized by numerous diagnostic nucleotide positions in the mitochondrial
rRNA gene: MolD identified the following robust diagnostic nucleotide combination compared to all other species in the
<taxonomicNameid="A1DD2EE5A89EC4124408D89E8D56C4CC"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
<taxonomicNameid="8FF759C383F945CCD0B927B8A478822E"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="blommersae">
<taxonomicNameid="2F6277228DEC76EBA9FE8F1FCF5FCA7A"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="blommersae">
by calls mainly consisting of frequency-modulated whistles (vs. pulsed trills); and from
<taxonomicNameid="6E8BF307BDF3F070CEA58C89A274B034"authorityName="Glaw, Vences, Andreone & Vallan"authorityYear="2001"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="vittatus">
by calls mainly consisting of frequency-modulated whistles (vs. series of short clicks), and absence of dorsolateral stripes (vs. presence). Furthermore, distinguished from
<taxonomicNameid="8BA817365D060A26B3E956266E7AAC1C"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
by presence of red color in outer iris area in most specimens (vs. absence), and advertisement calls consisting of 17–25 notes (vs. 7–8 notes), and from
<taxonomicNameid="4EDD26FD694527335B98277FA08FBF29"authorityName="Vences & Köhler & Hutter & Preick & Petzold & Rakotoarison & Ratsoavina & Glaw & Scherz"authorityYear="2024"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="kirki"status="sp. nov.">
of (short and long) notes (vs. notes of successively increasing duration). For a distinction from other species of the
<taxonomicNameid="8C1B6F1068640CEF6F88134E96A54FCA"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
23.0 mm, tissue from right thigh removed as tissue samples for molecular analysis and posterior venter cut open for parasitological examination. Body slender; head wider than long, wider than body; snout rounded in dorsal view, truncate in lateral view; nostrils directed laterally, about equidistant to tip of snout and eye; canthus rostralis indistinct, slightly concave in dorsal view, loreal region slightly concave; tympanum indistinct but recognizable, round,
; supratympanic fold very indistinct, largely straight; vomerine odontophores weakly developed, well-separated in two very small rounded aggregations, positioned posteromedial to choanae; choanae medium-sized, rounded; maxillary teeth present. Tongue ovoid, posteriorly bifid, free. Arms slender, forearms of slightly larger diameter, subarticular tubercles single, round; metacarpal tubercles not recognizable; fingers weakly webbed and with lateral dermal fringes; webbing formula 1 (traces), 2 i (traces), 2 e (traces), 3 i (traces), 3 e (2), 4 (1.5); relative length of fingers 1 <2 <4 <3 (finger 2 distinctly shorter than finger 4); finger discs enlarged, rounded; nuptial pads indistinct, recognizable as unpigmented weak swelling on first finger. Hindlimbs slender; tibiotarsal articulation reaching nostril when hindlimb is adpressed along body; lateral metatarsalia separated by webbing; inner metatarsal tubercle small, distinct, elongated; no outer metatarsal tubercle; toes broadly webbed; webbing formula 1 (0.5), 2 i (0.75), 2 e (0.25), 3 i (1), 3 e (0), 4 i (1.75), 4 e (1.5), 5 (0.5); relative length of toes 1 <2 <3 <5 <4; toe discs enlarged, rounded. Skin smooth on dorsal surfaces, throat, chest, and ventral surface of thighs, finely granular on belly; cloacal region surrounded by an area of distinct, large, white-colored granules.
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="97D9AF12FE5A3E5F03ADC5E07222AAB5">
In preservative, 17 years after collection (Fig.
<figureCitationid="D7A718005B3F69444965A989DB4AFC77"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 6. Preserved holotypes in dorsal and ventral views of the eight nominal species in the Boophis marojezensis complex described in this study."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151254">6</figureCitation>
), dorsally reddish brown with a distinct and moderately contrasted dark brown hourglass marking on anterior part of the dorsum, and a dark brown transverse bar on the posterior part of the dorsum. Many dark spots of different sizes are scattered across the dorsum. Limbs light brown with a few rather poorly contrasted darker brown crossbands: 1–2 on forearm, 2–3 on shank, 2–3 on thigh. Ventrally cream, white on belly, with some dark pigment only on ventral side of feet. Color of
from An’Ala in preservative are characterized by a distinct dorsal hourglass pattern (plus additional patch posterior to it), particularly contrasted in
<collectionCodeid="E57D1470BDB57252142007D0101BB7D3"country="Germany"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec"name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology"type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
<collectionCodeid="37C0C5895F7A0646792E9AC514DFA550"country="Germany"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec"name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology"type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
<collectionCodeid="CDE804CD0A13596EDBF5060787BE3328"country="Germany"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec"name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology"type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
<collectionCodeid="48BF284BFE04DA11369E5F5E2089D66D"country="Germany"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec"name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology"type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
<collectionCodeid="835D8EEEE0B82A3202836C6680180A93"country="Germany"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec"name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology"type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
from Vohidrazana features, in addition to the dorsal hourglass marking, a fine light vertebral line. In life, the dark dorsal pattern is often only weakly recognizable (Fig.
<figureCitationid="A6B938EC8CB7F31EFD49CC0849D0281D"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 9. Individuals of Boophis picardi sp. nov. in life. A, B male paratype KU 340641 (CRH 275) from Vohimana in dorsolateral and ventral view. C, D male paratypes from An’Ala, not assignable to specific voucher specimens."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151257">9</figureCitation>
<abbrevid="ABBRID0EFEBK"xlink_title="Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum of the University of Kansas">
<collectionCodeid="0051F504FEC814F56A1616EE9664903C"country="USA"name="Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas"type="University or college">KU</collectionCode>
<figureCitationid="5A5192DF50D61E1E13B9B2108D86FC4B"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 9. Individuals of Boophis picardi sp. nov. in life. A, B male paratype KU 340641 (CRH 275) from Vohimana in dorsolateral and ventral view. C, D male paratypes from An’Ala, not assignable to specific voucher specimens."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151257">9 B</figureCitation>
). The outer iris color can be deep red (Fig.
<figureCitationid="5F59C3A343293DCC6C0A407FE7DCFCA4"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 9. Individuals of Boophis picardi sp. nov. in life. A, B male paratype KU 340641 (CRH 275) from Vohimana in dorsolateral and ventral view. C, D male paratypes from An’Ala, not assignable to specific voucher specimens."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151257">9 C</figureCitation>
; see also
<bibRefCitationid="12320E946793FE9DA20AC54778F38638"DOI="10.1007/s10531-012-0262-x"author="Rosa"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Rosa"journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation"pagination="1531-1559"refId="B75"refString="Rosa GM, Andreone F, Crottini A, Hauswaldt JS, Noël J, Rabibisoa NH, Randriambahiniarime MO, Rebelo R, Raxworthy CJ (2012) The amphibians of the relict Betampona low-elevation rainforest, eastern Madagascar: An application of the integrative taxonomy approach to biodiversity assessments. Biodiversity and Conservation 21: 1531–1559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0262-x"title="The amphibians of the relict Betampona low-elevation rainforest, eastern Madagascar: An application of the integrative taxonomy approach to biodiversity assessments."volume="21"year="2012">Rosa et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
) or light orange (Fig.
<figureCitationid="F0DAEC8DAA99D6FAA41F67A5AE06C4DB"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 9. Individuals of Boophis picardi sp. nov. in life. A, B male paratype KU 340641 (CRH 275) from Vohimana in dorsolateral and ventral view. C, D male paratypes from An’Ala, not assignable to specific voucher specimens."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151257">9 A</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="DFBE4DF42B87DB1E3D0ACB0ABD8F5873"authorityName="Vences & Köhler & Hutter & Preick & Petzold & Rakotoarison & Ratsoavina & Glaw & Scherz"authorityYear="2024"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="picardi"status="sp. nov.">
<paragraphid="A265D121C65FD4CC70569DEEE1B175AE">Named after the fictional character Captain Jean-Luc Picard, first portrayed by Sir Patrick Stewart in Gene Roddenberry’s Star Trek: The Next Generation, and later in Akiva Goldsman, Michael Chabon, Kirsten Beyer, and Alex Kurtzman’s Star Trek: Picard.</paragraph>
An arboreal, nocturnal treefrog found in humid rainforests along fast flowing streams. Little is known of the ecology of the species. At Vohidrazana, male specimens were collected calling along a stream, from
<taxonomicNameid="591BA412F6855C1CFCF5405CDDBB2457"authorityName="Vences & Köhler & Hutter & Preick & Petzold & Rakotoarison & Ratsoavina & Glaw & Scherz"authorityYear="2024"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="picardi"status="sp. nov.">
(21.5 ° C air temperature) consist of two different note types, namely a series of rather short, quickly repeated notes, followed by 2–3 distinctly longer notes separated by slightly longer intervals. All notes are tonal in character and exhibit a distinct upward frequency modulation, with a frequency shift comprising 400–500 Hz in long notes and about half that in short notes. Amplitude across the entire call is increasing, with the first short notes being relatively soft, reaching maximum call energy at about one third of the call’s duration. Within notes, no distinct amplitude modulation is recognizable. Numerical parameters of three analyzed calls of different individuals are as follows: call duration 1554–1832 ms (1673.3 ± 143.1 ms); notes / call 19–21 (20.3 ± 1.2); short note duration 24–53 ms (34.4 ± 6.6 ms); long note duration 112–200 ms (157.9 ± 26.8 ms); inter-note interval 25–96 ms (41.1 ± 17.5 ms); note repetition rate of short notes within the call vary around 16 calls / second; dominant frequency 4903–5444 Hz (5267 ± 152 Hz); prevalent bandwidth 4200–5600 Hz.
<taxonomicNameid="97531ECA24E08DB1800E46FC408F31C3"authorityName="Vences & Köhler & Hutter & Preick & Petzold & Rakotoarison & Ratsoavina & Glaw & Scherz"authorityYear="2024"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="picardi"status="sp. nov.">
<dateid="D26DD8BD29BE232DBDA89D04A461B74D"value="2007-10-30">30 October 2007</date>
, 22: 30 h (air temperature 18 ° C) (from
<bibRefCitationid="99AA4D47B7D2B2F228A501F09EB10040"author="Rosa"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Rosa"refId="B76"refString="Rosa GM, Marquez R, Andreone F (2011) The astonishing calls of the frogs of Betampona. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali and Fonoteca Zoológica, Torino, Audio CD with booklet."year="2011">Rosa et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="CD912411142C9B7853E489B8573E981A"DOI="10.1007/s10531-012-0262-x"author="Rosa"firstAuthor="Rosa"journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation"pagination="1531-1559"refId="B75"refString="Rosa GM, Andreone F, Crottini A, Hauswaldt JS, Noël J, Rabibisoa NH, Randriambahiniarime MO, Rebelo R, Raxworthy CJ (2012) The amphibians of the relict Betampona low-elevation rainforest, eastern Madagascar: An application of the integrative taxonomy approach to biodiversity assessments. Biodiversity and Conservation 21: 1531–1559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0262-x"title="The amphibians of the relict Betampona low-elevation rainforest, eastern Madagascar: An application of the integrative taxonomy approach to biodiversity assessments."volume="21"year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
), are in general agreement with those described from An’Ala above. A slight difference is obvious for overall amplitude modulation across the call, with amplitude of notes slightly decreasing again after having reached maximum call energy at one third of the call’s duration. Also, inter-note intervals are slightly longer compared to calls from An’Ala. Numerical parameters of two analyzed calls are as follows: call duration 1991–2000 ms; notes / call 17; short note duration 28–43 ms (32.8 ± 5.1 ms); long note duration 90–205 ms (140.8 ± 39.4 ms); inter-note interval 42–119 ms (64.6 ± 24.3 ms); note repetition rate of short notes within the call vary around 13 calls / second; dominant frequency 5442–5819 Hz (5667 ± 111 Hz); prevalent bandwidth 4500–6200 Hz.
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="00962AC9E437A188D0A7A2E4B0078A55">
The character of calls of
<taxonomicNameid="8717814A52CD68F6980435FD5ACBF878"authorityName="Vences & Köhler & Hutter & Preick & Petzold & Rakotoarison & Ratsoavina & Glaw & Scherz"authorityYear="2024"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="picardi"status="sp. nov.">
<dateid="21DC2B06176B92281F56EBC8A2F2BE3B"value="2001-02-17">17 February 2001</date>
(air temperature not recorded), generally agrees with those from An’Ala and Betampona described above, but Vohidrazana calls contain more long notes (6) following the short notes. Numerical parameters of two analyzed calls are as follows: call duration 2362–2388 ms; notes / call 24; short note duration 27–62 ms (37.8 ± 10.9 ms); long note duration 112–162 ms (139.0 ± 17.4 ms); inter-note interval 28–145 ms (57.5 ± 33.7 ms); note repetition rate of short notes within the call vary around 17 calls / second; dominant frequency 5292–5560 Hz (5417 ± 89 Hz); prevalent bandwidth 4900–5800 Hz.
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<collectionCodeid="837C6AD35079AAF06C14DE184557299E"country="USA"name="Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas"type="University or college">KU</collectionCode>
<abbrevid="ABBRID0ERIBK"xlink_title="Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum of the University of Kansas">
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1044) have the following numerical parameters (six calls analyzed): call duration 2010–2376 ms (2182.3 ± 119.7 ms); notes / call 20–25 (22.2 ± 1.8); short note duration 28–78 ms (38.0 ± 12.6 ms); long note duration 124–209 ms (163.3 ± 29.6 ms); inter-note interval 27–122 ms (55.8 ± 28.0 ms); note repetition rate of short notes within the call vary around 15 calls / second; dominant frequency 4971–5122 Hz (5060 ± 64 Hz); prevalent bandwidth 4200–5500 Hz.
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="C4A4A16C49E846CF336D54CDC7A6AC25">
Calls recorded at Mantadia, on
<dateid="F4932BD8CBFF6800358A23F308BB44F3"value="2017-01-14">14 January 2017</date>
(air temperature 19.1 ° C) and corresponding to the voucher specimen
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1932) are also in agreement with the calls described above. Numerical parameters of three analyzed calls are as follows: call duration 2012–2330 ms (2165.0 ± 159.3 ms); notes / call 21–24 (23.0 ± 1.7); short note duration 19–75 ms (32.6 ± 14.0 ms); long note duration 123–225 ms (169.3 ± 33.9 ms); inter-note interval 35–89 ms (53.4 ± 17.7 ms); note repetition rate of short notes within the call vary around 15 calls / second; dominant frequency 5033–5388 Hz (5178 ± 119 Hz); prevalent bandwidth 4300–5600 Hz.
According to the molecular data summarized herein, the species is known from several sites in the wider area around the village of Andasibe, i. e., (1) the type locality, An’Ala, (2) Vohidrazana, (3) Vohimana, and it also has been recorded from (4) Betampona (Sahambendrana and Sahabefoza sites, according to
<bibRefCitationid="786D80AA5B92C1FBD3E075715BD18146"DOI="10.1007/s10531-012-0262-x"author="Rosa"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Rosa"journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation"pagination="1531-1559"refId="B75"refString="Rosa GM, Andreone F, Crottini A, Hauswaldt JS, Noël J, Rabibisoa NH, Randriambahiniarime MO, Rebelo R, Raxworthy CJ (2012) The amphibians of the relict Betampona low-elevation rainforest, eastern Madagascar: An application of the integrative taxonomy approach to biodiversity assessments. Biodiversity and Conservation 21: 1531–1559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0262-x"title="The amphibians of the relict Betampona low-elevation rainforest, eastern Madagascar: An application of the integrative taxonomy approach to biodiversity assessments."volume="21"year="2012">Rosa et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). The elevational range spans from 349 (Betampona, Sahabefoza) to
