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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4cbda95a-5b4a-45e9-b53a-9b90db01ee17" ID-PMC="PMC8688410" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-187-23" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6AF5EAA0500558E5838FD916171188B8" ID-PubMed="35002365" ModsDocID="1314-2003-187-23" checkinTime="1639455686940" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Morales, Eduardo A., Wetzel, Carlos E. & Ector, Luc" docDate="2021" docId="02C317ABEE8E57C3AB16D70CA6F527A6" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 187: 23-70" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 187" docPubDate="2021-12-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338" docTitle="Pseudostaurosira aedes E. Morales, C. E. Wetzel & Ector 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="6AF5EAA0500558E5838FD916171188B8" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="6AF5EAA0500558E5838FD916171188B8" masterDocTitle="New and poorly known " araphid " diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from regions near Lake Titicaca, South America and a discussion on the continued use of morphological characters in " araphid " diatom taxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1668140567392" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New and poorly known " araphid " diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from regions near Lake Titicaca, South America and a discussion on the continued use of morphological characters in " araphid " diatom taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Morales, Eduardo A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-4831</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Water Laboratory, University of Evora, P. I. T. E. Rua da Barba Rala No. 1, 7005 - 345 Evora, Portugal & Institute of Earth Sciences - ICT, University of Evora, Rua Romao Ramalho n °. 59, 7000 - 671 Evora, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">edu_mora123@outlook.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wetzel, Carlos E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5330-0494</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity (OCEB), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ector, Luc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity (OCEB), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2021-12-13</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>187</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>23</mods:start>
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<mods:end>70</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-187-23</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6AF5EAA0500558E5838FD916171188B8</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191535338" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:02C317ABEE8E57C3AB16D70CA6F527A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/02C317ABEE8E57C3AB16D70CA6F527A6" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName LSID="02C317AB-EE8E-57C3-AB16-D70CA6F527A6" authority="E. Morales, C. E. Wetzel & Ector" authorityName="E. Morales, C. E. Wetzel & Ector" authorityYear="2021" class="Fragilariophyceae" family="Staurosiraceae" genus="Pseudostaurosira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudostaurosira aedes" order="Fragilariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="aedes" status="sp. nov.">Pseudostaurosira aedes E. Morales, C.E. Wetzel & Ector</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="23">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A-M ' LM images of little known and new " araphid " diatoms from the Bolivian Altiplano A-E Nanofrustulum cataractarum F-L N. rarissimum M-S Pseudostaurosira sajamaensis T-Z P. pulchra sp. nov. (Fig. 1 U is the holotype) A' - G ' P. aedes sp. nov. (Fig. 1 A ' is the holotype). H' - M ' P. heteropolaris sp. nov. (Fig. 1 I ' is the holotype). Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622438" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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Figs 1A
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<normalizedToken originalValue="’-G’">'-G'</normalizedToken>
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(LM), 4A-F (SEM)
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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Slide ANSP GC 26815, Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A-M ' LM images of little known and new " araphid " diatoms from the Bolivian Altiplano A-E Nanofrustulum cataractarum F-L N. rarissimum M-S Pseudostaurosira sajamaensis T-Z P. pulchra sp. nov. (Fig. 1 U is the holotype) A' - G ' P. aedes sp. nov. (Fig. 1 A ' is the holotype). H' - M ' P. heteropolaris sp. nov. (Fig. 1 I ' is the holotype). Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622438" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">1A</figureCitation>
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', Diatom Herbarium, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Isotype.</emphasis>
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Slide DBOL-0246a, Diatomotheca Boliviensis (before HCUCB), Cochabamba, Bolivia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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Bolivia. Sajama Province, Department of Oruro, Desaguadero River, epipsammon,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-17.3975">17°23'51"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-68.24249">68°14'33"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 3701 m elev.,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">leg.</emphasis>
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G.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chávez">Chavez</normalizedToken>
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, 05.07.2009.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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Frustules rectangular in girdle view (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4B, D-F</figureCitation>
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), joined together by interlocking spines (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4F</figureCitation>
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). Valves narrowly elliptic with rounded ends, isopolar, with abrupt transition from valve face to mantle (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A-M ' LM images of little known and new " araphid " diatoms from the Bolivian Altiplano A-E Nanofrustulum cataractarum F-L N. rarissimum M-S Pseudostaurosira sajamaensis T-Z P. pulchra sp. nov. (Fig. 1 U is the holotype) A' - G ' P. aedes sp. nov. (Fig. 1 A ' is the holotype). H' - M ' P. heteropolaris sp. nov. (Fig. 1 I ' is the holotype). Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622438" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">1A</figureCitation>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="’-G’">'-G'</normalizedToken>
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). Axial area narrowly lanceolate (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A-M ' LM images of little known and new " araphid " diatoms from the Bolivian Altiplano A-E Nanofrustulum cataractarum F-L N. rarissimum M-S Pseudostaurosira sajamaensis T-Z P. pulchra sp. nov. (Fig. 1 U is the holotype) A' - G ' P. aedes sp. nov. (Fig. 1 A ' is the holotype). H' - M ' P. heteropolaris sp. nov. (Fig. 1 I ' is the holotype). Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622438" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">1A</figureCitation>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="’-G’">'-G'</normalizedToken>
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, 4A, B, D), externally only slightly below the virga (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. A-F SEM micrographs of Pseudostaurosira pulchra sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A, B outer views of valves showing axial area, striae and spines features C inner view of valve still attached to neighboring cell. Black arrow indicates absence of apical pore field. Dotted arrow points to depression into which the stria opens internally D tilted view of frustule. Notice larger valvocopula, lateral growth of spines and blister-like depositions on abvalvar edge of mantle E outer view of valve tip. Black arrow denotes absence of apical pore field. Notice round to elliptical spine base and larger areola on valve mantle. F frustule attached to neighboring valve by means of heavily silicified spines. Notice open girdle elements (white arrow) and depositions along abvalvar mantle edge. Scale bars: 2 µm (E); 4 µm (C, F); 5 µm (A, B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622440" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">3A, D, E</figureCitation>
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). Internally, axial area and virgae raised, leaving the striae in large elliptic or 8-shaped, transapically elongated depressions (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4C</figureCitation>
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). Vimines shorter than virgae and wide, restricted to the valve face/mantle junction; additional ones rarely present on valve mantle (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4B</figureCitation>
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). Striae typically composed by two narrow, elliptic to trapezoid areolae, one on valve face and a slightly larger one on the valve mantle (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
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). Volae arising from the areolar inner periphery and projecting inwards forming a tightly packed mesh-like structure (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4B, C</figureCitation>
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). Flaps frequently present in various stages of development, typically one disk-like or bilobate on valve face and two or more of different shape on valve mantle areola (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4A, B, D-F</figureCitation>
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). Spines originating from vimines at the valve face/mantle junction, solid, with elliptic to rectangular base, as wide as the vimines; conical body with a roughly triangular profile and serrate, pointy tips. Spines have a general arrowhead-like appearance when seen form their posterior ends. (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4A-F</figureCitation>
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). Stipules well-developed giving spines a sagittate shape and having themselves varying shapes in girdle view (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4D-F</figureCitation>
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). Apical pore fields very reduced with no more than 3 round poroids, usually externally obliterated by an apical blister (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4C, D, E</figureCitation>
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). Well-developed blister-like depositions present on abvalvar edge of mantle (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4B-F</figureCitation>
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). Girdle elements variable in number, open, lacking pores, ligulated, with larger valvocopula (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A-F SEM images of Pseudostaurosira aedes sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano A top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps B, D, E, F girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in D and E). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in F which have varying patterns C inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4 µm (D); 5 µm (A-C, E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">4B, D-F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622441" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">A-F</emphasis>
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SEM images of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. Morales, C. E. Wetzel & Ector" authorityYear="2021" class="Fragilariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Pseudostaurosira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudostaurosira aedes" order="Fragilariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="aedes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Pseudostaurosira aedes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. from the Bolivian Altiplano
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
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top, tilted view of valve showing axial area, slightly raised virga, valve face areolae covered with bilobed or disk-like flaps, and slightly larger valve mantle areola covered with two or more flaps
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">B, D, E, F</emphasis>
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girdle views showing features of the valve mantle, open girdle elements with larger valvocopula (white arrows in
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">D</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
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). Notice serrate spines with well-developed stipules in
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">F</emphasis>
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which have varying patterns
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
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inner view showing reduced apical pore field (black arrow) and single depression into which the areolae open internally (dotted arrow). Scale bars: 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">D</emphasis>
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); 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">A-C, E, F</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
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Dimensions (n> 50): Length 2.9-12.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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; width 2.1-2.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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; striae 15 in 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">The species epithet makes reference to the difficulty in the LM distinction of this diatom from co-occurring species with similar outline.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Found in the Desaguadero River.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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