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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050" ID-PMC="PMC8930920" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-10-e76050" ID-Pensoft-UUID="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" ID-PubMed="35437414" ModsDocID="1314-2828-10-e76050" checkinTime="1647039089382" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Simon, Andrew D. F., Adamczyk, Emily M., Basman, Antranig, Chu, Jackson W. F., Gartner, Heidi N., Fletcher, Karin, Gibbs, Charles J., Gibbs, Donna M., Gilmore, Scott R., Harbo, Rick M., Harris, Leslie H., Humphrey, Elaine, Lamb, Andy, Lambert, Philip, McDaniel, Neil, Scott, Jessica &amp; Starzomski, Brian M." docDate="2022" docId="886C1CF8A72952E7A8B15DC23FEC676A" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 10: e76050" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 10" docPubDate="2022-03-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050" docTitle="Amphibalanus Nitsche 1869" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" lastPageNumber="76050" masterDocId="440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5" masterDocTitle="Toward an atlas of Salish Sea biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. Part I. Marine zoology" masterLastPageNumber="76050" masterPageNumber="76050" pageNumber="76050" updateTime="1668121969866" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Toward an atlas of Salish Sea biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. Part I. Marine zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Simon, Andrew D. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Adamczyk, Emily M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Basman, Antranig</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Chu, Jackson W. F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Gartner, Heidi N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Harris, Leslie H.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName LSID="886C1CF8-A729-52E7-A8B1-5DC23FEC676A" authority="Nitsche, 1869" authorityName="Nitsche" authorityYear="1869" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Entoprocta" rank="phylum">Entoprocta Nitsche, 1869</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
[
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">1 class: 1 order: 1 family: 1 genus: 1 species</emphasis>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
' 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Entoprocta" rank="phylum">Entoprocta</taxonomicName>
' derives from the Greek 
<normalizedToken originalValue="ἐντός">ἐντός</normalizedToken>
(entos), meaning 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“inside”">&quot;inside&quot;</normalizedToken>
, and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="πρωκτός">πρωκτός</normalizedToken>
(prōktos), meaning 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“anus.”">&quot;anus.&quot;</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Entoprocta" rank="phylum">Entoprocta</taxonomicName>
(nodding-heads) are a small phylum of mainly sessile marine invertebrates that comprises 253 described species worldwide (
<bibRefCitation author="Williams, R." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Cetacean Research and Management" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6696482" refString="Board WoRMS Editorial World Register of Marine Species https://www.marinespecies.org 2021-01-12T00:00:00+02:00" year="2007">WoRMS Editorial Board 2021</bibRefCitation>
). The phylum was traditionally divided into two orders: the 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Solitaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Entoprocta" rank="order">Solitaria</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Coloniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Entoprocta" rank="order">Coloniales</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Solitaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Entoprocta" rank="order">Solitaria</taxonomicName>
included solitary species that usually attach to larger organisms which produce feeding currents, such as sponges, bryozoans, polychaetes, sipunculans and ascidians, and are typically associated with just one or a few host species. 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Coloniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Entoprocta" rank="order">Coloniales</taxonomicName>
, by contrast, included colonial species that form crusts on various surfaces. However, the traditional system is no longer followed; instead four families are now recognised (
<bibRefCitation author="Williams, R." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Cetacean Research and Management" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6696482" refString="Board WoRMS Editorial World Register of Marine Species https://www.marinespecies.org 2021-01-12T00:00:00+02:00" year="2007">WoRMS Editorial Board 2021</bibRefCitation>
). Of the 11 species known to British Columbia (
<bibRefCitation author="Austin, W. C." journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6747365" refString="Baldwin A. The lophophorate phyla of British Columbia: entoprocts, bryozoans, phoronids, and brachiopods https://ibis.geog.ubc.ca/biodiversity/efauna/documents/Lophophorates%20of%20BCBaldwin2009.pdf 2021-02-13T00:00:00+02:00" year="2014">Baldwin 2009e</bibRefCitation>
), one species is reported for Galiano Island: 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1880" class="Entoprocta" family="Barentsiidae" genus="Barentsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Barentsia" order="Solitaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">Barentsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (Hincks, 1880) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F6668463" captionText="Figure 14. Barentsia sp. (nodding heads) - Photograph by Bernard P. Hanby." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/503128" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="76050">
Entoprocts are filter feeders, trapping small particles in the mucus secreted by their tentacles. An understudied group, they are easily overlooked because of their diminutive size (&lt;1 mm) and the superficial similarities they share with the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1880" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="phylum">Cnidaria</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1880" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="phylum">Bryozoa</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Ruppert, E." journalOrPublisher="Thomson-Brooks / Cole, Belmont" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6721470" refString="Ruppert, E., Fox, R., Barnes, R., 2004. Invertebrate zoology: A functional evolutionary approach. Thomson-Brooks/Cole, Belmont" title="Invertebrate zoology: A functional evolutionary approach" year="2004">Ruppert et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
). With further search effort, others are likely to be detected locally.
</paragraph>
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The body plan of entoprocts consists of a cup-like 
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that bears a ring of ciliated tentacles called -the lophophore, which is attached on its dorsal surface to the substrate by a long, thin stalk or pedicel. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1927" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Entoprocta" rank="phylum">Entoprocta</taxonomicName>
have their anus inside their ring of tentacles, while bryozoans (formally known as the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1927" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Ectoprocta" rank="phylum">Ectoprocta</taxonomicName>
), have their anus outside of their ring of tentacles. Regionally occurring 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1927" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" phylum="Entoprocta" rank="phylum">Entoprocta</taxonomicName>
are treated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Kozloff, E. N." journalOrPublisher="University of Washington Press, Seattle" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662860" refString="Kozloff, E. N., 1996. Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest. University of Washington Press, Seattle" title="Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest" year="1996">Kozloff (1996)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Lamb, A." journalOrPublisher="Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662869" refString="Lamb, A., Hanby, B. P., 2005. Marine life of the Pacific Northwest: a photographic encyclopedia of invertebrates, seaweeds and selected fishes. Harbour Publishing, Maideira Park" title="Marine life of the Pacific Northwest: a photographic encyclopedia of invertebrates, seaweeds and selected fishes" year="2005">Lamb and Hanby (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Carlton, JT" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6662886" refString="Carlton, JT, 2007. The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon. University of California Press, Berkeley" title="The Light and Smith Manual, intertidal invertebrates from Central California to Oregon" year="2007">Carlton (2007)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Austin, W. C." journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="76050" refId="B6747365" refString="Baldwin A. The lophophorate phyla of British Columbia: entoprocts, bryozoans, phoronids, and brachiopods https://ibis.geog.ubc.ca/biodiversity/efauna/documents/Lophophorates%20of%20BCBaldwin2009.pdf 2021-02-13T00:00:00+02:00" year="2014">Baldwin (2009e)</bibRefCitation>
. For annotated records of entroprocts reported for Galiano Island, see supplementary materials (Suppl. material 12).
</paragraph>
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