Toward an atlas of Salish Sea biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. Part I. Marine zoology
Author
Simon, Andrew D. F.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5358-8974
Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada
adfsimon@imerss.org
Author
Adamczyk, Emily M.
Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Author
Basman, Antranig
Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada
Author
Chu, Jackson W. F.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7776-9446
University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
Author
Gartner, Heidi N.
Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada
Author
Fletcher, Karin
Port Orchard 98366, Port Orchard, United States of America
Author
Gibbs, Charles J.
Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada
Author
Gibbs, Donna M.
Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada
Author
Gilmore, Scott R.
7494 Andrea Cres, Lantzville, Canada
Author
Harbo, Rick M.
Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada
Author
Harris, Leslie H.
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, United States of America
Author
Humphrey, Elaine
Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
Author
Lamb, Andy
Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada
Author
Lambert, Philip
Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada
Author
McDaniel, Neil
McDaniel Photography, Vancouver, Canada
Author
Scott, Jessica
Ocean Wise, Vancouver, Canada
Author
Starzomski, Brian M.
University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
text
Biodiversity Data Journal
2022
2022-03-10
10
76050
76050
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050
1314-2828-10-e76050
440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5
Entoprocta Nitsche, 1869
Notes
[
1 class: 1 order: 1 family: 1 genus: 1 species
]
'
Entoprocta
' derives from the Greek
ἐντός
(entos), meaning
"inside"
, and
πρωκτός
(prōktos), meaning
"anus."
Entoprocta
(nodding-heads) are a small phylum of mainly sessile marine invertebrates that comprises 253 described species worldwide (
WoRMS Editorial Board 2021
). The phylum was traditionally divided into two orders: the
Solitaria
and
Coloniales
.
Solitaria
included solitary species that usually attach to larger organisms which produce feeding currents, such as sponges, bryozoans, polychaetes, sipunculans and ascidians, and are typically associated with just one or a few host species.
Coloniales
, by contrast, included colonial species that form crusts on various surfaces. However, the traditional system is no longer followed; instead four families are now recognised (
WoRMS Editorial Board 2021
). Of the 11 species known to British Columbia (
Baldwin 2009e
), one species is reported for Galiano Island:
Barentsia
sp. (Hincks, 1880) (Fig.
14
).
Entoprocts are filter feeders, trapping small particles in the mucus secreted by their tentacles. An understudied group, they are easily overlooked because of their diminutive size (<1 mm) and the superficial similarities they share with the
Cnidaria
and
Bryozoa
(
Ruppert et al. 2004
). With further search effort, others are likely to be detected locally.
The body plan of entoprocts consists of a cup-like
Heterochone calyx
that bears a ring of ciliated tentacles called -the lophophore, which is attached on its dorsal surface to the substrate by a long, thin stalk or pedicel.
Entoprocta
have their anus inside their ring of tentacles, while bryozoans (formally known as the
Ectoprocta
), have their anus outside of their ring of tentacles. Regionally occurring
Entoprocta
are treated by
Kozloff (1996)
,
Lamb and Hanby (2005)
,
Carlton (2007)
and
Baldwin (2009e)
. For annotated records of entroprocts reported for Galiano Island, see supplementary materials (Suppl. material 12).