<documentid="DF2FEAB56DC34A0233A558D0E408B822"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5094.1.2"ID-GBIF-Dataset="fbcfcfa4-103d-4190-84f2-79ebe38ac1e9"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="5964865"ID-ZooBank="EBF67241-D93F-48CD-9548-463F0B0A9D47"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana"IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana"IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana"IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana"checkinTime="1643789371105"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Ramalho, Laís V., Rodríguez-Aporta, Raquel & Gofas, Serge"docDate="2022"docId="D10787E6FFF53F26C1BA9336C749FAD2"docLanguage="en"docName="zootaxa.5094.1.2.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 5094 (1)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Escharella similis Ramalho & Rodríguez-Aporta & Gofas 2022, n. sp."docType="treatment"docUuid="2DED7AC0-2358-459D-8627-A498F5309300"docUuidSource="ZooBank"docVersion="10"lastPageNumber="74"masterDocId="2D3EFF9EFFE73F33C12D9470C258FFDF"masterDocTitle="Preliminary account on the bryozoans of the Alboran platform (Western Mediterranean), with description of two new species"masterLastPageNumber="91"masterPageNumber="53"pageNumber="71"updateTime="1731614292451"updateUser="juliana"zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:titleid="41C22D4B631389224DC5D9485513F026">Preliminary account on the bryozoans of the Alboran platform (Western Mediterranean), with description of two new species</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="B7B3B6B345988F108B18104AEF2F3704">Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s / n, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 20940 - 040. & Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain. 29071.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="56D228B5E29AE00FE1982EA28F45AD2F">Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain. 29071.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="CD15233244A46B300FDB8144698085D4">Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain. 29071.</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="9EAE4D73FFF53F21C1BA9336C337F8BE"authority="Ramalho & Rodríguez-Aporta & Gofas, 2022"authorityName="Ramalho & Rodríguez-Aporta & Gofas"authorityYear="2022"box="[151,367,1862,1889]"class="Gastropoda"family="Vanikoridae"genus="Escharella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Littorinimorpha"pageId="18"pageNumber="71"phylum="Mollusca"rank="species"species="similis"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="C1952A75FFF53F21C18D931BC2BBF85A"box="[160,227,1899,1925]"captionStart="FIGURE 9"captionStartId="20.[151,250,1865,1889]"captionTargetBox="[172,1416,454,1840]"captionTargetId="figure-140@20.[170,1417,453,1842]"captionTargetPageId="20"captionText="FIGURE 9. Escharella similis n. sp. (Holotype: MNCN 25.03/4302).A. General view of a colony growing on a shell fragment. B. Detail of some fertile zooids showing the eight persistent oral spines, small suboral umbo and ovicells with independent aperture (arrow shows the kenozooidal ovicell). C. Detail of an ancestrula with 8 + 5 spines and subsequent zooids with 8 oral spines. D. Basal view of the aperture of a zooid showing the lyrula (lower level) and suboral umbo (higher level), condyles absent. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 300 µm; C, 200 µm; D, 80 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5964895"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5964895/files/figure.png"pageId="18"pageNumber="71">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3D3F4B01FFF53F21C00393A3C01AF834"author="Ramalho, L. V. & Caballero-Herrera, J. A. & Urra, J. & Rueda, J. L."box="[302,578,2003,2027]"pageId="18"pageNumber="71"pagination="106"refId="ref22466"refString="Ramalho, L. V., Caballero-Herrera, J. A., Urra, J. & Rueda, J. L. (2020 a) Bryozoans from Chella Bank, (Seco de los Olivos) with the description of a new species and some new records for the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biodiversity, 50, 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 020 - 01119 - y"type="journal article"year="2020">
<bibRefCitationid="3D3F4B01FFF43F20C3469323C155F8B4"author="Aristegui, J."box="[619,781,1875,1899]"pageId="19"pageNumber="72"pagination="425 - 430"refId="ref16010"refString="Aristegui, J. (1985) The genus Adeonellopsis MacGillivray (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) in the Canary Islands: A. distoma (Busk) and A. multiporosa sp. nov. Journal of Natural History, 19 (3), 425 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938500770311"type="journal article"year="1985">Aristegui, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(MNCN 25.03/4298). A. General view of a colony fragment showing the bifurcation. B. Detail of the branch showing zooids arranged in longitudinal series and the curved distal peristome. C. Close-up of some zooids showing the suboral avicularium and spiraminal pores. D. Detail of a zooid showing the beaded convex proximal margin of the orifice, spiraminal pores, as well as some areolar pores. Scale bars: A, 800 µm; B, 300 µm; C, 200 µm; D, 100 µm.
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<taxonomicNameid="9EAE4D73FFF33F27C323951FC00FFE56"authorityName="Ramalho & Rodríguez-Aporta & Gofas"authorityYear="2022"box="[526,599,367,393]"class="Gastropoda"family="Vanikoridae"genus="Escharella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Littorinimorpha"pageId="20"pageNumber="73"phylum="Mollusca"rank="species"species="similis">
<taxonomicNameid="9EAE4D73FFF33F27C0359339C394F8BE"authority="Ramalho & Rodríguez-Aporta & Gofas, 2022"authorityName="Ramalho & Rodríguez-Aporta & Gofas"authorityYear="2022"box="[280,460,1865,1889]"class="Gastropoda"family="Vanikoridae"genus="Escharella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Littorinimorpha"pageId="20"pageNumber="73"phylum="Mollusca"rank="species"species="similis"status="sp. nov.">
(Holotype: MNCN 25.03/4302). A. General view of a colony growing on a shell fragment. B. Detail of some fertile zooids showing the eight persistent oral spines, small suboral umbo and ovicells with independent aperture (arrow shows the kenozooidal ovicell). C. Detail of an ancestrula with 8 + 5 spines and subsequent zooids with 8 oral spines. D. Basal view of the aperture of a zooid showing the lyrula (lower level) and suboral umbo (higher level), condyles absent. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 300 µm; C, 200 µm; D, 80 µm.
Colony encrusting, unilaminar. Primary orifice bearing eight oral spines (in both autozooids and ovicellate zooids) and small lyrula not visible frontally; proximally to the orifice a small, triangular umbo. Ovicell kenozooidal, spherical, with ooecial surface texture similar to that of the zooidal frontal shield. Ancestrula with 13 spines and an extensive cryptocyst.
<figureCitationid="C1952A75FFF23F26C3EE9557C144FE9E"box="[707,796,295,321]"captionStart="FIGURE 9"captionStartId="20.[151,250,1865,1889]"captionTargetBox="[172,1416,454,1840]"captionTargetId="figure-140@20.[170,1417,453,1842]"captionTargetPageId="20"captionText="FIGURE 9. Escharella similis n. sp. (Holotype: MNCN 25.03/4302).A. General view of a colony growing on a shell fragment. B. Detail of some fertile zooids showing the eight persistent oral spines, small suboral umbo and ovicells with independent aperture (arrow shows the kenozooidal ovicell). C. Detail of an ancestrula with 8 + 5 spines and subsequent zooids with 8 oral spines. D. Basal view of the aperture of a zooid showing the lyrula (lower level) and suboral umbo (higher level), condyles absent. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 300 µm; C, 200 µm; D, 80 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5964895"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5964895/files/figure.png"pageId="21"pageNumber="74">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
). Zooids elongate, hexagonal [L 584–714–855 (N 13, SD 73), W 378–435–506 μm (N 13, SD 34)], separated from each other by deep grooves; frontal wall very convex, finely granular, with a row of small, circular areolar pores (
<figureCitationid="C1952A75FFF23F26C213951FC1C0FE56"box="[830,920,367,393]"captionStart="FIGURE 9"captionStartId="20.[151,250,1865,1889]"captionTargetBox="[172,1416,454,1840]"captionTargetId="figure-140@20.[170,1417,453,1842]"captionTargetPageId="20"captionText="FIGURE 9. Escharella similis n. sp. (Holotype: MNCN 25.03/4302).A. General view of a colony growing on a shell fragment. B. Detail of some fertile zooids showing the eight persistent oral spines, small suboral umbo and ovicells with independent aperture (arrow shows the kenozooidal ovicell). C. Detail of an ancestrula with 8 + 5 spines and subsequent zooids with 8 oral spines. D. Basal view of the aperture of a zooid showing the lyrula (lower level) and suboral umbo (higher level), condyles absent. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 300 µm; C, 200 µm; D, 80 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5964895"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5964895/files/figure.png"pageId="21"pageNumber="74">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
). Primary orifice hidden by a well-developed peristome, bearing eight oral spines (persisting in the fertile zooids), and a small, triangular proximal umbo (
<figureCitationid="C1952A75FFF23F26C46F95E3C2F5FE0E"captionStart="FIGURE 9"captionStartId="20.[151,250,1865,1889]"captionTargetBox="[172,1416,454,1840]"captionTargetId="figure-140@20.[170,1417,453,1842]"captionTargetPageId="20"captionText="FIGURE 9. Escharella similis n. sp. (Holotype: MNCN 25.03/4302).A. General view of a colony growing on a shell fragment. B. Detail of some fertile zooids showing the eight persistent oral spines, small suboral umbo and ovicells with independent aperture (arrow shows the kenozooidal ovicell). C. Detail of an ancestrula with 8 + 5 spines and subsequent zooids with 8 oral spines. D. Basal view of the aperture of a zooid showing the lyrula (lower level) and suboral umbo (higher level), condyles absent. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 300 µm; C, 200 µm; D, 80 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5964895"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5964895/files/figure.png"pageId="21"pageNumber="74">Fig. 9B, C</figureCitation>
). Lyrula not easily visible due to the peristome, but small and triangular in shape (
<figureCitationid="C1952A75FFF23F26C51E95C7C6D4FE0E"box="[1075,1164,439,465]"captionStart="FIGURE 9"captionStartId="20.[151,250,1865,1889]"captionTargetBox="[172,1416,454,1840]"captionTargetId="figure-140@20.[170,1417,453,1842]"captionTargetPageId="20"captionText="FIGURE 9. Escharella similis n. sp. (Holotype: MNCN 25.03/4302).A. General view of a colony growing on a shell fragment. B. Detail of some fertile zooids showing the eight persistent oral spines, small suboral umbo and ovicells with independent aperture (arrow shows the kenozooidal ovicell). C. Detail of an ancestrula with 8 + 5 spines and subsequent zooids with 8 oral spines. D. Basal view of the aperture of a zooid showing the lyrula (lower level) and suboral umbo (higher level), condyles absent. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 300 µm; C, 200 µm; D, 80 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5964895"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5964895/files/figure.png"pageId="21"pageNumber="74">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
). Ovicell of kenozooidal origin; ooecium spherical, wider than long [L 182–196–216 (N 10, SD 11), W 243–262–279 μm (N 10, SD 12)], not closed by the maternal operculum; ooecial surface similar to zooidal frontal shield (
<figureCitationid="C1952A75FFF23F26C5A3958FC755FDC6"box="[1166,1293,511,537]"captionStart="FIGURE 9"captionStartId="20.[151,250,1865,1889]"captionTargetBox="[172,1416,454,1840]"captionTargetId="figure-140@20.[170,1417,453,1842]"captionTargetPageId="20"captionText="FIGURE 9. Escharella similis n. sp. (Holotype: MNCN 25.03/4302).A. General view of a colony growing on a shell fragment. B. Detail of some fertile zooids showing the eight persistent oral spines, small suboral umbo and ovicells with independent aperture (arrow shows the kenozooidal ovicell). C. Detail of an ancestrula with 8 + 5 spines and subsequent zooids with 8 oral spines. D. Basal view of the aperture of a zooid showing the lyrula (lower level) and suboral umbo (higher level), condyles absent. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 300 µm; C, 200 µm; D, 80 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5964895"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5964895/files/figure.png"pageId="21"pageNumber="74">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
). Ancestrula tatiform, smaller than a zooid [L 380, W 307 μm (N 1)], with almost circular opesia and eight oral spines placed disto-laterally; cryptocyst a flat extensive shelf, surface granular, extensive gymnocyst bearing five mural spines (
<figureCitationid="C1952A75FFF23F26C18D961BC2A0FD5A"box="[160,248,619,645]"captionStart="FIGURE 9"captionStartId="20.[151,250,1865,1889]"captionTargetBox="[172,1416,454,1840]"captionTargetId="figure-140@20.[170,1417,453,1842]"captionTargetPageId="20"captionText="FIGURE 9. Escharella similis n. sp. (Holotype: MNCN 25.03/4302).A. General view of a colony growing on a shell fragment. B. Detail of some fertile zooids showing the eight persistent oral spines, small suboral umbo and ovicells with independent aperture (arrow shows the kenozooidal ovicell). C. Detail of an ancestrula with 8 + 5 spines and subsequent zooids with 8 oral spines. D. Basal view of the aperture of a zooid showing the lyrula (lower level) and suboral umbo (higher level), condyles absent. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 300 µm; C, 200 µm; D, 80 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5964895"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5964895/files/figure.png"pageId="21"pageNumber="74">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3D3F4B01FFF23F26C38C96C3C161FD12"author="Hincks, T. A."box="[673,825,691,717]"pageId="21"pageNumber="74"refId="ref19788"refString="Hincks, T. A. (1880) A History of the British Marine Polyzoa. John van Voorst, London, 601 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31555"type="book"year="1880">Hincks, 1880</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicNameid="9EAE4D73FFF23F26C25A96C3C6E5FD12"authority="Souto et al., 2016"authorityName="Souto"authorityYear="2016"box="[887,1213,691,717]"class="Gastropoda"family="Vanikoridae"genus="Escharella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Littorinimorpha"pageId="21"pageNumber="74"phylum="Mollusca"rank="species"species="lopezfei">
<bibRefCitationid="3D3F4B01FFF23F26C2D996C3C6E5FD12"author="Souto, J. & Berning, B. & Ostrovsky, A. N."box="[1012,1213,691,717]"pageId="21"pageNumber="74"pagination="401 - 459"refId="ref23612"refString="Souto, J., Berning, B. & Ostrovsky, A. N. (2016) Systematics and diversity of deep-water Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic). Zootaxa, 4067 (4), 401 - 459. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4067.4.1"type="journal article"year="2016">
. The former species is characterized by fertile zooids normally having six oral spines, occasionally eight (consistently eight in the new species), orifice with a broad, anvil-shaped lyrula and pointed condyles, and smaller autozooids (420–600 μm in
<bibRefCitationid="3D3F4B01FFF23F26C1BA976FC3EFFCE6"author="Hayward, P. J. & Ryland, J. S."box="[151,439,799,825]"pageId="21"pageNumber="74"refId="ref19484"refString="Hayward, P. J. & Ryland, J. S. (1979) British Ascophoran Bryozoans. In: Kermack, D. M. & Barnes, R. S. K. (Eds.), Synopses of the British Fauna. New Series. Academic Press for the Linnaean Society, London, 312 pp."type="book"year="1979">Hayward & Ryland 1979</bibRefCitation>
Bank (off NW Spain) has fertile zooids with 8–9 spines but differs in having an orifice with thick, short, blunt condyles and lyrula visible in frontal view, no proximal umbo, and an ancestrula with 12 spines (
the new species). Moreover, in the two above-mentioned species the ovicell is produced by the distal zooid, whereas in the Alboran colonies it is of kenozooidal origin. All three species share an ancestrula with an extensive cryptocyst.
<bibRefCitationid="3D3F4B01FFF23F26C3E597A3C107FC32"author="Calvet, L."box="[712,863,979,1005]"pageId="21"pageNumber="74"pagination="355 - 495"refId="ref17234"refString="Calvet, L. (1907) Bryozoaires. Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les annees 1880, 1881, 1882 et 1883, 8, 355 - 495, pls. 26 - 30."type="journal article"year="1907">Calvet, 1907</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3D3F4B01FFF23F26C3869787C6C0FBCE"author="Lopez de la Cuadra, C. M. & Garcia-Gomez, J. C."box="[683,1176,1015,1041]"pageId="21"pageNumber="74"pagination="21 - 36"refId="ref21136"refString="Lopez de la Cuadra, C. M. & Garcia-Gomez, J. C. (1988) Briozoos queilostomados del Estrecho de Gibraltar y areas proximas. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 29, 21 - 36."type="journal article"year="1988">López de la Cuadra & García-Gómez 1988</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="3D3F4B01FFF23F26C5899787C6B8FBCE"author="Lopez de la Cuadra, C. M. & Garcia-Gomez, J. C."box="[1188,1248,1015,1041]"pageId="21"pageNumber="74"pagination="457 - 469"refId="ref21231"refString="Lopez de la Cuadra, C. M. & Garcia-Gomez, J. C. (1993) Little known Atlantic cheilostome bryozoans at the entrance to the Mediterranean. Journal of Natural History, 27, 457 - 469. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939300770221"type="journal article"year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
). It has a similar appearance (triangular suboral umbo, lyrula hidden by the peristome and absence of condyles), but has six oral spines in both ovicellate and non-ovicelllate zooids, a better developed umbo, an acutely-triangular lyrula, the ovicell has an umbo proximally near the aperture, and the ancestrula has six oral spines and another five mural spines around the cryptocyst. Thus, we identified the specimens from the Alboran platform as a new species.
<bibRefCitationid="3D3F4B01FFF23F26C1EA90DBC38DFB1A"author="Ramalho, L. V. & Caballero-Herrera, J. A. & Urra, J. & Rueda, J. L."box="[199,469,1195,1221]"pageId="21"pageNumber="74"pagination="106"refId="ref22466"refString="Ramalho, L. V., Caballero-Herrera, J. A., Urra, J. & Rueda, J. L. (2020 a) Bryozoans from Chella Bank, (Seco de los Olivos) with the description of a new species and some new records for the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biodiversity, 50, 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 020 - 01119 - y"type="journal article"year="2020">
<taxonomicNameid="9EAE4D73FFF23F26C3D090DBC191FB1A"authority="Ramalho & Rodríguez-Aporta & Gofas, 2022"authorityName="Ramalho & Rodríguez-Aporta & Gofas"authorityYear="2022"box="[765,969,1195,1221]"class="Gastropoda"family="Vanikoridae"genus="Escharella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Littorinimorpha"pageId="21"pageNumber="74"phylum="Mollusca"rank="species"species="similis"status="sp. nov.">
