<documentID-CLB-Dataset="22483"ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.47742"ID-GBIF-Dataset="9223ceda-3eb6-4d4d-91a1-a08d3dc443d7"ID-PMC="PMC7200893"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-930-37"ID-Pensoft-UUID="255C174A2BB75F5B8259DCBB698296D2"ID-PubMed="32390747"ID-ZooBank="FABF3E569A1544CD9A5072DCF25AF87D"ModsDocID="1313-2970-930-37"checkinTime="1588165340049"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Semenyuk, Irina, Golovatch, Sergei I. & Wesener, Thomas"docDate="2020"docId="461037CEAC1A5D909D241759F9FAA7C7"docLanguage="en"docName="ZooKeys 930: 37-60"docOrigin="ZooKeys 930"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.47742"docTitle="Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener 2020, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docUuid="F68EE25F-CEF3-4816-B94C-D5050AE5B5C5"docUuidSource="ZooBank"docVersion="7"id="255C174A2BB75F5B8259DCBB698296D2"lastPageNumber="37"masterDocId="255C174A2BB75F5B8259DCBB698296D2"masterDocTitle="Some new or poorly-known Zephroniidae (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida) from Vietnam"masterLastPageNumber="60"masterPageNumber="37"pageNumber="37"updateTime="1732754218732"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:affiliationid="B69BB7D5B344C6EA491702DB0DA8FF45">A. N. Severtsov Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia & Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Center, Street 3 Thang 2, 3, Q 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePartid="C6327D916B202088482922EAD9C7598A">Golovatch, Sergei I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="E898A60EB94734D777C221EF42C41B17">A. N. Severtsov Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="71328A4F7CD8663BCC91277AD70CD52B">Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113, Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="DD4A942EC84BAB77B6F6489C9A7A8459"LSID="461037CE-AC1A-5D90-9D24-1759F9FAA7C7"authority="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener, 2020"authorityName="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener"authorityYear="2020"family="Zephroniidae"genus="Sphaeropoeus"higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis"order="Diplopoda"pageId="0"pageNumber="37"rank="species"species="bidoupensis"status="sp. nov.">Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis</taxonomicName>
<figureCitationid="0F69BE6510E482A147EAE01CF25F22A7"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Live Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov. (A-E) and Sphaeropoeus honbaensis sp. nov. (F-H) in the field A enrolled male (left) and female (right) B adult, ventral view C adult and its excrements in a " living room " in leaf litter D early instar juvenile enrolled in its " living room ", with surrounding dead leaves eaten and excrement used to shape the room E enrolled middle-sized instar juvenile F-H adult, enrolled and walking, respectively. Pictures taken not to scale."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404783"pageId="0"pageNumber="37">Figs 2A-E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="580C5529F3DEE57A3BA652064CAC44D3"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Endoterga of midbody segments, SEM micrographs. A Sphaerobelum bicorne Attems, 1938, ♂ (ZFMK) B Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov., ♂ holotype C Sphaeropoeus maculatus (Verhoeff, 1924), ♂ lectotype D Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype E Sphaeropoeus honbaensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype. Scale bars: 0.2 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404784"pageId="0"pageNumber="37">, 3D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="15706934DB66B0201CCFC9A1DDBBA5C4"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Tergal surface of midbody segments, SEM micrographs. A Sphaerobelum bicorne Attems, 1938, ♂ (ZFMK) B Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype. Scale bars: 0.2 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404785"pageId="0"pageNumber="37">, 4B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="5F8DA7C27974000E49ED14D2F5A7AEF8"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-H) and ♀ paratype (I). A, B Left posterior telopod, posterior and anterior views, respectively C-F left anterior telopod, posterior, sublateral, lateral and anterior views, respectively G left leg 9, anterior view H left antenna I left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404790"pageId="0"pageNumber="37">, 9</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="97F4A75EF6274D13D5494BA560C9FB53"authorityName="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener"authorityYear="2020"class="Diplopoda"family="Zephroniidae"genus="Sphaeropoeus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis"order="Sphaerotheriida"pageId="0"pageNumber="37"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="bidoupensis">
sp. nov. differs from almost all other known continental species of the genus in the anterior telopod showing a very short, almost completely reduced telopoditomere 4, a character only shared with
<taxonomicNameid="5047247D059878C8E283CC5E2B75129B"authorityName="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener"authorityYear="2020"class="Diplopoda"family="Zephroniidae"genus="Sphaeropoeus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis"order="Sphaerotheriida"pageId="0"pageNumber="37"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="bidoupensis">
: holotype ♂ ca. 24 mm long, 11.2 mm (2nd), up to 12.3 mm (7th) wide, 7.1 mm high (2nd the highest). Paratype ♀ (ZFMK): ca. 29 mm long, 13.5 mm (2nd), up to 14.3 mm (7th) wide, 7.7 mm (2nd) up to 9.1 mm in height (7th the highest). ZMUM paratypes 10 mm (♂), 11 mm (♀) or 13 mm wide (♀).
: both in vivo and in vitro, after>1.5 years of preservation in ethanol, similar; in life, adults uniformly dark brown to blackish brown, juveniles lighter and showing vague or clear variegated tergal patterns (Fig.
<figureCitationid="227E2E7D85DE6EE31F820191F0C8246D"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Live Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov. (A-E) and Sphaeropoeus honbaensis sp. nov. (F-H) in the field A enrolled male (left) and female (right) B adult, ventral view C adult and its excrements in a " living room " in leaf litter D early instar juvenile enrolled in its " living room ", with surrounding dead leaves eaten and excrement used to shape the room E enrolled middle-sized instar juvenile F-H adult, enrolled and walking, respectively. Pictures taken not to scale."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404783"pageId="0"pageNumber="37">2C, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="4029EC9F16E64D48905C58C813136E9C"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Live Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov. (A-E) and Sphaeropoeus honbaensis sp. nov. (F-H) in the field A enrolled male (left) and female (right) B adult, ventral view C adult and its excrements in a " living room " in leaf litter D early instar juvenile enrolled in its " living room ", with surrounding dead leaves eaten and excrement used to shape the room E enrolled middle-sized instar juvenile F-H adult, enrolled and walking, respectively. Pictures taken not to scale."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404783"pageId="0"pageNumber="37">2B</figureCitation>
); in alcohol, adults likewise uniformly dark brown to blackish brown, antennae orange, legs light grey-brown to olive-grey-brown with a little lighter tarsi. Tegument mostly dull to poorly shining (Fig.
<figureCitationid="898AF65C6B133959F3CA4C87CCC7BB45"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Live Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov. (A-E) and Sphaeropoeus honbaensis sp. nov. (F-H) in the field A enrolled male (left) and female (right) B adult, ventral view C adult and its excrements in a " living room " in leaf litter D early instar juvenile enrolled in its " living room ", with surrounding dead leaves eaten and excrement used to shape the room E enrolled middle-sized instar juvenile F-H adult, enrolled and walking, respectively. Pictures taken not to scale."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404783"pageId="0"pageNumber="37">2A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="2F9505718AACF89C60DE149994AF4D17"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-H) and ♀ paratype (I). A, B Left posterior telopod, posterior and anterior views, respectively C-F left anterior telopod, posterior, sublateral, lateral and anterior views, respectively G left leg 9, anterior view H left antenna I left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404790"pageId="0"pageNumber="37">9H</figureCitation>
), protruding beyond centre of head. Antennomeres 1-5 with few longer setae, 6th densely pubescent. Antennomere 6 towards disc with a single row of sensilla basiconica. Antennomere 6 swollen in ♂, cylindrical in ♀, twice as long as, but only slightly wider than, antennomeres 1-5. ♂ with 36/40, ♀ with 17/24 apical cones. Palpi of gnathochilarium located in a single field.
<figureCitationid="4108DAC4AC4B7846AC0C6110994DAAD6"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Live Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov. (A-E) and Sphaeropoeus honbaensis sp. nov. (F-H) in the field A enrolled male (left) and female (right) B adult, ventral view C adult and its excrements in a " living room " in leaf litter D early instar juvenile enrolled in its " living room ", with surrounding dead leaves eaten and excrement used to shape the room E enrolled middle-sized instar juvenile F-H adult, enrolled and walking, respectively. Pictures taken not to scale."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404783"pageId="0"pageNumber="37">2A</figureCitation>
: inner section lacking any spines or setae. Middle area with a single row of large, sparse, elliptical, cuticular impressions. Distance between impressions shorter than their diameter. Apically, two rows of long marginal bristles, tips of longest setae clearly protruding beyond tergal margin (Fig.
: first with 2 or 3, second with 5 (one of them basal), third with 8 ventral and an apical spine. Leg-pairs 4-21 each with 12-14 ventral spines and a single apical spine. Coxa process visible, partly sharp (Fig.
<figureCitationid="01C13168418A30521E216976DD3E894E"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-H) and ♀ paratype (I). A, B Left posterior telopod, posterior and anterior views, respectively C-F left anterior telopod, posterior, sublateral, lateral and anterior views, respectively G left leg 9, anterior view H left antenna I left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404790"pageId="0"pageNumber="37">9G</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="9307AC163F5329E77FB3DCE6AE38C2DE"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-H) and ♀ paratype (I). A, B Left posterior telopod, posterior and anterior views, respectively C-F left anterior telopod, posterior, sublateral, lateral and anterior views, respectively G left leg 9, anterior view H left antenna I left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404790"pageId="0"pageNumber="37">9G</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="766B75A6642036C2029CA9E6600377BB"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-H) and ♀ paratype (I). A, B Left posterior telopod, posterior and anterior views, respectively C-F left anterior telopod, posterior, sublateral, lateral and anterior views, respectively G left leg 9, anterior view H left antenna I left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404790"pageId="0"pageNumber="37">9G</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="B889CD86664A5BB63C92C54203F06C52"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-H) and ♀ paratype (I). A, B Left posterior telopod, posterior and anterior views, respectively C-F left anterior telopod, posterior, sublateral, lateral and anterior views, respectively G left leg 9, anterior view H left antenna I left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404790"pageId="0"pageNumber="37">9I</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="4DE35222D1DE1AE325EC94F6DBC07260"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-H) and ♀ paratype (I). A, B Left posterior telopod, posterior and anterior views, respectively C-F left anterior telopod, posterior, sublateral, lateral and anterior views, respectively G left leg 9, anterior view H left antenna I left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404790"pageId="0"pageNumber="37">9C-F</figureCitation>
): four podomeres, first three of equal length regardless of the processes, podomere 4 rudimentary, conical. Telopoditomere 2 with a strong, curved process overreaching telopoditomere 4. Telopoditomere 3 posteriorly with a longer process juxtaposed to apex process of telopoditomere 2, clearly protruding above telopoditomere 4, as well as both process of telopoditomere 2 and a large spine in the central area. Telopoditomere 4 conical, with a single spine.
<figureCitationid="08E528CA3645BBB468E098648F91991C"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov., ♂ holotype (A-H) and ♀ paratype (I). A, B Left posterior telopod, posterior and anterior views, respectively C-F left anterior telopod, posterior, sublateral, lateral and anterior views, respectively G left leg 9, anterior view H left antenna I left coxa and prefemur 2 with vulva, posterior view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm, D drawn not to scale."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404790"pageId="0"pageNumber="37">9A, B</figureCitation>
): podomeres 3 and 4 slightly longer than process of podomere 2. Podomere 4 short, conical, with two spines, slightly curved towards immovable finger. Podomere 3 slender, 3.6 times longer than wide. Its excavate inner margin with a membranous lobe and a single spine, posterior face with ca. 10 small crenulated teeth. Immovable finger slender, apically tapering, tip curved towards movable finger. Membranous area apically with a large, bifid, membranous lobe. Podomeres 1-3 in anterior and posterior views with few setae. Podomere 4 in both aspects glabrous.
<taxonomicNameid="2C58B7631BA7D2BE6A65C86B98761C1E"authorityName="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener"authorityYear="2020"class="Diplopoda"family="Zephroniidae"genus="Sphaerobelum"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Sphaerobelum pumatense"order="Sphaerotheriida"pageId="0"pageNumber="37"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="pumatense">
<taxonomicNameid="8572E3D8FE99F7F12E87D3E5F22882C0"authorityName="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener"authorityYear="2020"baseAuthorityName="Attems"baseAuthorityYear="1936"class="Diplopoda"family="Zephroniidae"genus="Sphaeropoeus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Sphaeropoeus manca"order="Sphaerotheriida"pageId="0"pageNumber="37"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="manca">
<taxonomicNameid="69BB4746193D999EA034DBDD61D7C37C"authorityName="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener"authorityYear="2020"class="Diplopoda"family="Zephroniidae"genus="Sphaeropoeus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Sphaeropoeus honbaensis"order="Sphaerotheriida"pageId="0"pageNumber="37"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="honbaensis">
<taxonomicNameid="E9FBCBA11EBA124D2526E143E829A28F"authorityName="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener"authorityYear="2020"class="Diplopoda"family="Zephroniidae"genus="Sphaeropoeus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis"order="Sphaerotheriida"pageId="0"pageNumber="37"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="bidoupensis">
<paragraphid="C9DA820F7750C03F93F14FEA698FB45A"pageId="0"pageNumber="37">To emphasize the provenance from the Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, adjective.</paragraph>
This new species was very abundant in the Park area and could be found almost throughout the year. In January, juveniles lived under logs, but no adults were recorded. The daytime temperature above the leaf litter averaged 17 °C, dropping down to 14 °C (minimum 12.5 °C) at night; rains were quite abundant. In June, juveniles colonized decaying wood, leaf litter, suspended soils in
sp. ferns, and spaces under logs. Adults lived in leaf litter and the suspended soil of ferns, only occasionally and only males walking openly on the forest floor. Juveniles and some adults were often recorded hiding inside their "living chambers" (Fig.
<figureCitationid="A4E0AAB40BD443FCCD938FB84ED2DBE0"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Live Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov. (A-E) and Sphaeropoeus honbaensis sp. nov. (F-H) in the field A enrolled male (left) and female (right) B adult, ventral view C adult and its excrements in a " living room " in leaf litter D early instar juvenile enrolled in its " living room ", with surrounding dead leaves eaten and excrement used to shape the room E enrolled middle-sized instar juvenile F-H adult, enrolled and walking, respectively. Pictures taken not to scale."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47742.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404783"pageId="0"pageNumber="37">2C, D</figureCitation>
(see above). The daytime temperature above the leaf litter averaged 20 °C, compared to 16.5 °C (minimum 14.9 °C) at night; rains were likewise quite abundant. In November, the millipedes were mainly hidden in leaf litter. The daytime temperature above the leaf litter averaged 22 °C, vs. 14.5 °C (minimum 11.2 °C) at night; rains were particularly heavy, as a typhoon came in.
<taxonomicNameid="7DF432457D2E40FD4FF36CE90B3B5B78"authorityName="Semenyuk & Golovatch & Wesener"authorityYear="2020"class="Diplopoda"family="Zephroniidae"genus="Sphaeropoeus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis"order="Sphaerotheriida"pageId="0"pageNumber="37"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="bidoupensis">
trees mixed with several coniferous species on slopes, the leaf litter layer being thick and to a significant proportion formed by coniferous needles. The species was not located in the adjacent mossy elfin forest up to 2000 m a.s.l. with a much cooler and wet weather.
