<documentid="421D8938DD4F6B8C900414D04EFC80B5"ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.368"ID-GBIF-Dataset="7d707e31-1104-4ed3-8493-ef9302b98796"ID-ISSN="2118-9773"ID-Zenodo-Dep="3838412"ID-ZooBank="E4AEAA16-A546-48B8-99BA-2E0152C8C6F0"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina"IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina"IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina"checkinTime="1590087673171"checkinUser="carolina"docAuthor="Zlatkov, Boyan & Huemer, Peter"docDate="2017"docId="03E9996C14484E77B5116EE6806BDBF0"docLanguage="en"docName="ejt-2017-368.pdf.imf"docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 368 (368)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1"docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911"docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1"docStyleVersion="14"docTitle="Phtheochroa alpinana Zlatkov & Huemer 2017, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docUuid="704B04D3-3AAA-4554-A4D4-0F7C9439173D"docUuidSource="ZooBank"docVersion="11"lastPageNumber="11"masterDocId="FFD0E114144F4E7DB7706C11845EDC35"masterDocTitle="Allopatric cryptic diversity in the alpine species complex Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)"masterLastPageNumber="25"masterPageNumber="1"pageNumber="8"updateTime="1737036911417"updateUser="carolina"zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0"zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0"zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:titleid="A587E9A9504E8BDE712D5FA7213C1802">Allopatric cryptic diversity in the alpine species complex Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="F93AECCEAB908E0A684A643E62AFCF7F">Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria. & National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="CB4BAA30F4EFBAFA4372B1E5F4411FD6">Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebsgesellschaft m. b. H., Sammlungs- und Forschungszentrum, Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen, Krajnc-Str. 1, A- 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria.</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914484E7AB5116EE6872FDF27"ID-CoL="B3ZCD"authority="Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"box="[609,881,759,786]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="alpinana"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="137B34FF14484E7AB6996F2F8672DF6D"box="[489,556,830,856]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[189,232,1824,1850]"captionTargetBox="[230,1357,265,1782]"captionTargetId="figure@4.[230,1357,265,1782]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Adults of Phtheochroa spp. A–D. P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov. A. ♂, Bulgaria, Pirin Mts. B. ♂, Bulgaria, Rila Mts. C. ♀, Bulgaria, Rila Mts. D. ♂, Republic of Macedonia, Korab Mts. – E–F. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes. E. Holotype, ♂. F. Paratype, ♀. – G. P. apenninana sp. nov., holotype, ♂, Italy, Gran Sasso National Park. – H. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., ♂, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana, Andorra, Pyrenees. – I–J. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park. I. Holotype, ♂. J. Paratype, ♂. Scale bar = 5 mm, all to scale."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838414"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3838414/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Figs 1</figureCitation>
E–F, 2C, 3C, 4D–E, 6A–B, 8B, 9, 10;
<tableCitationid="C6C21DC114484E7AB4836F2F8014DF6D"box="[1011,1098,830,856]"captionStart="Table 1"captionStartId="7.[189,258,268,294]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Table 1. Minimal uncorrected COI p-distances between different taxa of the P. frigidana s. lat. species complex."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3F78F214484E7AB7CD6D1D8574DD7D"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"tableUuid="DF3F78F214484E7AB7CD6D1D8574DD7D">Table 1</tableCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914484E7AB5FD6FA3876ADFFE"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"baseAuthorityName="Rebel"baseAuthorityYear="1908"box="[653,820,945,971]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Conchylis"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="schawerdae">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914484E7AB41C6FA3804DDFFE"authority="Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"box="[876,1043,946,971]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="apenninana"status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914484E7AB6186FC785AEDFDA"authorityName="Guenee, 1845 Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"baseAuthorityName="Guenee"baseAuthorityYear="1845"box="[360,496,981,1007]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Eupoecilia"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="frigidana">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914484E7AB5566FC7868FDFDA"authority="Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"box="[550,721,981,1007]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="cantabriana"status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914484E7AB3CE6FC78118DFDA"authorityName="Guenee, 1845 Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"baseAuthorityName="Guenee"baseAuthorityYear="1845"box="[1214,1350,981,1007]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Eupoecilia"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="frigidana">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914484E7AB7CD6FE88536D827"authority="Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"box="[189,360,1016,1042]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="cantabriana"status="sp. nov.">
The vesica easily distinguishes this species from all other members of the group: with large dorsal and ventral diverticula;
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914484E7AB5ED680D8778D800"authorityName="Guenee, 1845 Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"baseAuthorityName="Guenee"baseAuthorityYear="1845"box="[669,806,1051,1077]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Eupoecilia"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="frigidana">
has only one diverticulum (dorsal); the diverticula on the other three species are oriented more or less laterally. The shape of the valva resembles those of
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914484E7AB7CD68738519D84E"authorityName="Guenee, 1845 Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"baseAuthorityName="Guenee"baseAuthorityYear="1845"box="[189,327,1121,1147]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Eupoecilia"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="frigidana">
. The phallic process is slightly curved to the right and resembles that of
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914484E7AB3D168738113D84E"authority="Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"box="[1185,1357,1121,1147]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="cantabriana"status="sp. nov.">
The female genitalia are generally similar to these of
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914484E7AB41768978050D8AA"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"baseAuthorityName="Rebel"baseAuthorityYear="1908"box="[871,1038,1157,1183]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Conchylis"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="schawerdae">
, but the sclerotized area of the corpus bursae is larger, with three long folds on the right ventral side; the folds in
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914484E7AB3EF68B88117D8F7"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"baseAuthorityName="Rebel"baseAuthorityYear="1908"box="[1183,1353,1192,1218]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Conchylis"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="schawerdae">
<paragraphid="8BFF287A14484E7AB7CD6957801AD955"blockId="7.[189,1092,1350,1377]"box="[189,1092,1350,1377]"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">The specific name is a feminine adjective derived from the name of the Alps.</paragraph>
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<locationid="8E9F7EA114484E7AB6BE6A0686DDDA04"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E9996C14484E77B5116EE6806BDBF0:8E9F7EA114484E7AB6BE6A0686DDDA04"box="[462,643,1559,1585]"country="France"municipality="Alpes Maritimes Tete Chaudon"name="Col de la Boira"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">Col de la Boira</location>
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914484E7AB5EE6A2B8084DA60"authority="Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"box="[670,1242,1594,1621]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="alpinana">
<materialsCitationid="3B28222714484E7AB79A6AB680ECDB0C"collectingDate="1991-07-20"collectionCode="TLMF"collectorName="Huemer & Tarmann"country="France"location="2200 m NE. Col de la Boira"municipality="Alpes Maritimes Tete Chaudon"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"specimenCount="2"specimenCount-male="2"typeStatus="paratype">
<locationid="8E9F7EA114484E7AB3FA6AC88540DB23"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E9996C14484E77B5116EE6806BDBF0:8E9F7EA114484E7AB3FA6AC88540DB23"country="France"municipality="Alpes Maritimes Tete Chaudon"name="2200 m NE. Col de la Boira"pageId="7"pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914484E7AB6296B0E87C3DB0C"authority="Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"box="[345,925,1823,1850]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="alpinana">
<materialsCitationid="3B28222714484E7AB3CD6B0E80F8DBB5"collectingDateMax="1991-07-20"collectingDateMin="1991-07-03"collectionCode="TLMF"country="France"location="2200 m NE. Col de la Boira"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"specimenCount="2"specimenCount-female="2"typeStatus="paratype">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914484E7AB6286B7787C8DBB5"authority="Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"box="[344,918,1894,1920]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="alpinana">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914484E7AB45D6BBD8129DBF3"authority="Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"box="[813,1399,1964,1991]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="7"pageNumber="8"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="alpinana">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914474E75B3906D3E860BDD59"authority="Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="alpinana">
<collectionCodeid="ED51B0BF14474E75B58D6D438706DD59"box="[765,856,338,364]"collectionName="Denmark, Kobenhavn [= Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum"country="Denmark"name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen"pageId="8"pageNumber="9">ZMUC</collectionCode>
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<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914474E75B40D6DF084A6DE2B"authority="Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="alpinana">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914474E75B7CD6E5A86AEDE50"authority="Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"box="[189,752,587,613]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="alpinana">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914474E75B3906E7F860ADE9E"authority="Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="alpinana">
<figureCitationid="137B34FF14474E75B64A6F1D85CFDF12"box="[314,401,780,807]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[189,232,1824,1850]"captionTargetBox="[230,1357,265,1782]"captionTargetId="figure@4.[230,1357,265,1782]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Adults of Phtheochroa spp. A–D. P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov. A. ♂, Bulgaria, Pirin Mts. B. ♂, Bulgaria, Rila Mts. C. ♀, Bulgaria, Rila Mts. D. ♂, Republic of Macedonia, Korab Mts. – E–F. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes. E. Holotype, ♂. F. Paratype, ♀. – G. P. apenninana sp. nov., holotype, ♂, Italy, Gran Sasso National Park. – H. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., ♂, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana, Andorra, Pyrenees. – I–J. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park. I. Holotype, ♂. J. Paratype, ♂. Scale bar = 5 mm, all to scale."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838414"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3838414/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="9">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="8BFF287A14474E75B7CD6F2E8644DFAA"blockId="8.[189,1398,831,928]"pageId="8"pageNumber="9">HEAD. Frons and vertex covered with creamy scales. Labial palps pointed anterad, long, dorsally creamy, laterally and ventrally brown. Antennae with scapus and pedicellus dorsally brown, ventrally white; flagellum with creamy scales.</paragraph>
THORAX. Dorsally creamy with brown scales in middle, ventrally creamy with brown scales. Tegula yellowish, with brown scales laterally. Forewing length
(x=9.0, n =9). Forewing long and narrow, with pointed apex, upperside ground colour yellow with paler distal half and inconspicuous rust dorsal blotch, underside dark grey with scattered white scales in apical area, cilia pale yellow. Hindwings with upperside grey, underside grey with white costa and white longitudinal lines, cilia white with pale grey basal part.
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914474E75B36F6B308128DB0E"authority="(Rebel, 1908)"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"baseAuthorityName="Rebel"baseAuthorityYear="1908"box="[1055,1398,1824,1851]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Conchylis"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="schawerdae"status="comb. nov.">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914474E75B3FD6B54814EDB6B"authority="Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"box="[1165,1296,1860,1886]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="alpinana"status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914474E75B4FE6B798066DBB4"authority="Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"box="[910,1080,1896,1921]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="apenninana"status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914474E75B6326BBC8668DBF2"authorityName="Guenee, 1845 Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"baseAuthorityName="Guenee"baseAuthorityYear="1845"box="[322,566,1965,1991]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Eupoecilia"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="frigidana">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914474E75B5E46BBF871EDBF2"authority="Zlatkov & Huemer, 2017"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"box="[660,832,1965,1991]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="8"pageNumber="9"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="cantabriana"status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914464E74B5286B518070DB6F"authority="(Rebel, 1908)"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"baseAuthorityName="Rebel"baseAuthorityYear="1908"box="[600,1070,1856,1882]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="9"pageNumber="10"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="schawerdae"status="comb. nov.">
<figureCitationid="137B34FF14454E77B6326DF585FFDDCB"box="[322,417,484,510]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[189,232,1813,1839]"captionTargetBox="[230,1355,468,1774]"captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1398,417,1778]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="Fig. 2. Male genitalia (without phalli) of Phtheochroa spp. A–B. P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov. A. Bulgaria, Rila Mts. B. Republic of Macedonia, Korab Mts. – C. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes, holotype. – D. P. apenninana sp. nov., Italy, Gran Sasso National Park, holotype. – E. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., Andorra, Pyrenees, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana. – F. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park, holotype. Scale bar = 250 µm, all to scale."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838416"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3838416/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Curvature of valva prominent. Rest of valva, uncus and socii resembles those in
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914454E77B7CD6E198539DE14"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"baseAuthorityName="Rebel"baseAuthorityYear="1908"box="[189,359,519,545]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="10"pageNumber="11"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="schawerdae">
<figureCitationid="137B34FF14454E77B68A6E168608DE14"box="[506,598,519,545]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="6.[188,231,1807,1833]"captionTargetBox="[191,1389,1348,1764]"captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1397,1344,1765]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 3. Transtilla of Phtheochroa spp. A–B. P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov., Bulgaria, Rila Mts. – C. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes, holotype. – D. P. apenninana sp. nov., Italy, Gran Sasso National Park, holotype. – E. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., Andorra, Pyrenees, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana. – F. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park, paratype. Scale bar = 250 µm, all to scale."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838418"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3838418/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
) wide, rectangular apically, with shallow median incision. Phallus (
<figureCitationid="137B34FF14454E77B7B66E3B8555DE70"box="[198,267,554,581]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="12.[189,232,1894,1920]"captionTargetBox="[262,1281,269,1845]"captionTargetId="figure@12.[253,1334,265,1851]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="Fig. 6. Phalli with vesica everted of Phtheochroa spp. A–B. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes, holotype. – C–D. P. apenninana sp. nov., Italy, Gran Sasso National Park, holotype.A, C: left. B, D: dorsal. Abbreviations: dd = dorsal diverticulum; vd = ventral diverticulum; other abbreviations as in Fig. 5. Scale bar = 250 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838424"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3838424/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A–B) curved ventrally, with long, slender medioventral process (
<figureCitationid="137B34FF14454E77B37D6E3B800ADE71"box="[1037,1108,554,580]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="8.[189,232,1824,1850]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1117,1787]"captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,1398,1117,1787]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 4. Ventral phallic process of Phtheochroa spp., ventral view. A–C. P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov. A–B. Bulgaria, Rila Mts. C. Republic of Macedonia, Korab Mts. – D–E. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes. D. Holotype. E. Paratype. – F–G. P. apenninana sp. nov., Italy, Gran Sasso National Park. F. Paratype. G. Holotype. – H. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., Andorra, Pyrenees, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana. – I–J. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park. I. Holotype. J. Paratype. Scale bar = 100 µm, all to scale."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838420"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3838420/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D–E), with apex slightly curved to the right. Vesica with subspherical proximal part and large part protruded from the right, bearing two large diverticula ending with cornuti. A furrow divides the two parts. Gonopore sunk in dorsal portion of furrow and surrounded by large sclerotized plate with uneven surface (distal part of ductus ejaculatorius). Right part of vesica protrudes in wider, conical, almost straight dorsal and narrower, cylindrical, curved ventral diverticulum. Cornuti aciculate and capitate, very robust, large, ventral one larger and slightly curved near apex. Proximal part of vesica bears a large conical ventral protrusion (diverticulum) with small processes. Acanthae present on posterior side of proximal part of vesica and at end of diverticula.
<figureCitationid="137B34FF14454E77B6266F9C85F5DF92"box="[342,427,909,935]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[189,232,1824,1850]"captionTargetBox="[230,1357,265,1782]"captionTargetId="figure@4.[230,1357,265,1782]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Adults of Phtheochroa spp. A–D. P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov. A. ♂, Bulgaria, Pirin Mts. B. ♂, Bulgaria, Rila Mts. C. ♀, Bulgaria, Rila Mts. D. ♂, Republic of Macedonia, Korab Mts. – E–F. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes. E. Holotype, ♂. F. Paratype, ♀. – G. P. apenninana sp. nov., holotype, ♂, Italy, Gran Sasso National Park. – H. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., ♂, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana, Andorra, Pyrenees. – I–J. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park. I. Holotype, ♂. J. Paratype, ♂. Scale bar = 5 mm, all to scale."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838414"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3838414/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
(x= 7.9, n= 5), upperside with rust brown dorsal blotch and subterminal fascia. Hindwing upperside grey, underside white with scattered grey scales.Abdomen grey. Female genitalia (
<figureCitationid="137B34FF14454E77B3AE6814816BD815"box="[1246,1333,1029,1056]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="16.[189,232,1930,1956]"captionTargetBox="[188,1400,281,1861]"captionTargetId="figure@16.[180,1408,269,1871]"captionTargetPageId="16"captionText="Fig. 8. Female genitalia of Phtheochroa spp. A. P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov., Bulgaria, Rila Mts. – B. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes, paratype. Arrow: ventral diverticulum of ductus bursae. Scale bar = 250 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838428"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3838428/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
) with tergum 8 medially membranous, sterigma with two lateral protuberances, antrum nearly rectangular, with round anterior angles. Apophyses anteriores longer than apophyses posteriores. Ductus bursae ventrally membranous, with conical diverticulum of thick cuticle slightly curved to the left. Corpus bursae with large sclerite that starts on right side of ductus bursae with folds, then expands anteroventrally forming large ventral sclerotization and laterally to the left, then passes on dorsal side where it forms several folds on ductus bursae. Anterior medial part of corpus bursae with folded membranous area extending to the right. Ductus of accessory bursa emerges medioventrally, folded cuticle and small spines present to the left of its emerging area. Ductus seminalis inserted on ventral side.
<tableCitationid="C6C21DC114454E77B6FB697985BAD9B7"box="[395,484,1384,1410]"captionStart="Table 1"captionStartId="7.[189,258,268,294]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Table 1. Minimal uncorrected COI p-distances between different taxa of the P. frigidana s. lat. species complex."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3F78F214484E7AB7CD6D1D8574DD7D"pageId="10"pageNumber="11"tableUuid="DF3F78F214484E7AB7CD6D1D8574DD7D">Table 1</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="137B34FF14454E77B68269798669D9B7"box="[498,567,1384,1410]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="18.[189,232,1930,1956]"captionTargetBox="[190,1397,1281,1884]"captionTargetId="figure@18.[172,1412,1251,1902]"captionTargetPageId="18"captionText="Fig. 9. Maximum likelihood tree (built with MEGA6) of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcode fragments. Values at the nodes are bootstrap support values based on 500 replicates."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838430"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3838430/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
BIN URI: BOLD:AAL5381. The intraspecific divergence of the barcode region is unknown (n =1). The minimum distance to the nearest neighbour,
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914454E77B5B669AF8730D9ED"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"baseAuthorityName="Rebel"baseAuthorityYear="1908"box="[710,878,1470,1496]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="10"pageNumber="11"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="schawerdae">
<bibRefCitationid="EFD1558B14454E77B52D6A4D87E5DA43"author="Bassi G. & Scaramozzino P. L."box="[605,955,1628,1654]"pageId="10"pageNumber="11"pagination="155 - 163"refId="ref11161"refString="Bassi G. & Scaramozzino P. L. 1989. Contributo allo studio della microlepidotterofauna Piemontese. 1. Note sul alcuni interessante perperti di Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Rivista Piemontese di Storia naturale 10: 155 - 163."type="journal article"year="1989">Bassi & Scaramozzino (1989)</bibRefCitation>
the moths fly in two generations from April to July. However, material collected by these authors in the Italian Alps dates from mid- to late May and was collected at relatively low altitudes from
<dateid="FFFE0EBA14454E77B4316AB28782DA88"box="[833,988,1698,1725]"pageId="10"pageNumber="11"value="1200"valueMax="1350">1200 to 1350</date>
m
</quantity>
a.s.l. From available data it thus seems more likely that the species is univoltine with a flight period from May to July, depending on climatic conditions and elevation. Habitat: the
<figureCitationid="137B34FF14454E77B6166B4485E5DB5A"box="[358,443,1877,1903]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="20.[189,232,1990,2016]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1296,1948]"captionTargetId="figure@20.[183,1404,1290,1954]"captionTargetPageId="20"captionText="Fig. 10. Distribution of the Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. species complex based on examined material."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838432"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3838432/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="11">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914454E77B7CD6BBA8519DBF0"authorityName="Guenee, 1845 Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"baseAuthorityName="Guenee"baseAuthorityYear="1845"box="[189,327,1963,1989]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Eupoecilia"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="10"pageNumber="11"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="frigidana">
<bibRefCitationid="EFD1558B14454E77B6106BBA8676DBF0"author="Lesar T. & Habeler H. & Arenberger E."box="[352,552,1963,1989]"pageId="10"pageNumber="11"pagination="39 - 60"refId="ref11882"refString="Lesar T., Habeler H. & Arenberger E. 2009. Prispevek k poznavanju metuljev (Lepidoptera) Slovenije II: nove vrste metuljckov (Microlepidoptera). Natura Sloveniae 11 (2): 39 - 60."type="journal article"year="2009">
<taxonomicNameid="4C4053F914454E77B4F66BBA8070DBF0"authorityName="Zlatkov & Huemer"authorityYear="2017"baseAuthorityName="Rebel"baseAuthorityYear="1908"box="[902,1070,1963,1989]"class="Insecta"family="Tortricidae"genus="Phtheochroa"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Lepidoptera"pageId="10"pageNumber="11"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="schawerdae">