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<document id="7626C7A9F8F89D11DB7F42D38605FA75" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5012.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5158062" ID-ZooBank="56C6852D-AAE0-4B6B-AB57-919CD62DAEC1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628057811575" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sim-Smith, Carina, Hickman, Cleveland &amp; Kelly, Michelle" docDate="2021" docId="D3075148FFCEFFE3FF6788E5B090CAF6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5012.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5012 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5012.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Neopetrosia eructans Sim-Smith &amp; Hickman &amp; Kelly 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="2F3E2930FFDBFFFBFFF08E7DB158CB02" masterDocTitle="New shallow-water sponges (Porifera) from the Galápagos Islands" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1699033904328" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="8319F73C292A065F591F0700D45C8948" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="46B6F8DEB0EBD9948E3019BBD2942CB1">
<mods:title id="5A259EC96D915EF7291B06C323006C9D">New shallow-water sponges (Porifera) from the Galápagos Islands</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="F70161DAA611E1F4C1531CB6B8E3835A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="48DB4187C20D75F900BA94F9D1962DDA">
<mods:roleTerm id="9C50A1FD36273C53084E7143F776F796">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="25EAF5D8F1DE8952E506F2588687B380">Sim-Smith, Carina</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5A636F430CABFF53DD0C9DF17013CFB5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B90CEA82C921367478B5E3D5A7B475DC">
<mods:roleTerm id="7865C2224632D0126DED9499B990F66F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BC33434E5FF7E557FFF486AB86AFD159">Hickman, Cleveland</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DB96071B528F986EF8A1F87409BBCA9A" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2914-4687</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C4F08BBCAAF130391B9578CE538DDDE3" type="email">hickman.c@rockbridge.net</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="BCA506E6F2D08E86D6F9611EA4559066" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8B0190EA4DDB012800C536B8A349143E">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4124B395EDD45E493220CF9C96BE4A70">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3F625E6F681AC7A31510296AF2F91684" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9673-0056</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F50E033F7FBF1DE7FF4F5107EF2DD025" type="email">elly@niwa.co.nz</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="EDB4CF43CCE45D9287CB819EE61C9E65">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="08D58BEDF3DC1EF53B6FCFF97363041F">
<mods:title id="2E58BC71C0A5C5467F880C91986E7B99">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="CFA8A354D204A244C912381EA4A67457">
<mods:date id="BED2B745FAB29F9D4D8E7D4608D9D4D3">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="FD6E251EC1ED99EA63D8DAC06E2E6052" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="25AF47FC0FFD901929B1AE9C15960D6F">2021-08-02</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="6612645A707CD0A7CF701EDCAD3BD5D1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D18BA5434A30D0705E3D0C69DF6755FC">5012</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="751D78CFCD8A3F2C3083FFDA139EC06C" type="issue">
<mods:number id="FB380F73A4389DE9DF7F49A377E31B71">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="042647B3AAFA7FCAC4826BB3E10BFFB1">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="3F95DE5D87AFC6EC8B01AB25ED9C6B61">71</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="83FF584342663D85AE449532627B3A14">
<mods:url id="08FDC34EC24B8FE195FD29E46F2A5DA9">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5012.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="3A813EE60BD8FDA7A25E3101C12668F1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="95A2EE3BB272DC382028FCE4D6B21E3F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5012.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5A7B4A746AD046951E1C5ECE26AB1D2E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="74A1587F23E39968D4148A9D0293657D" type="Zenodo-Dep">5158062</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E30E3C8C64FADA016711C1F7C53EA8D1" type="ZooBank">56C6852D-AAE0-4B6B-AB57-919CD62DAEC1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="D3075148FFCEFFE3FF6788E5B090CAF6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D3075148FFCEFFE3FF6788E5B090CAF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D3075148FFCEFFE3FF6788E5B090CAF6" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<subSubSection id="13B4B3D5FFCEFFEEFF6788E5B0A5CDB0" box="[151,509,1688,1714]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFCEFFEEFF6788E5B0A5CDB0" blockId="21.[151,509,1688,1750]" box="[151,509,1688,1714]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="00595732FFCEFFEEFF6788E5B0A5CDB0" bold="true" box="[151,509,1688,1714]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="4">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCEFFEEFF6788E5B0A5CDB0" bold="true" box="[151,509,1688,1714]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFCEFFEEFF6788E5B0C0CDB0" ID-CoL="8NFKM" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Hickman &amp; Kelly, 2021" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Hickman &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,408,1688,1714]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eructans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCEFFEEFF6788E5B0C0CDB0" bold="true" box="[151,408,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Neopetrosia eructans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="72E98137FFCEFFEEFE6F88E5B0A5CDB0" box="[415,509,1688,1714]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13B4B3D5FFCEFFEEFF6788C1B1A0CDD4" box="[151,248,1724,1750]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFCEFFEEFF6788C1B1A0CDD4" blockId="21.[151,509,1688,1750]" box="[151,248,1724,1750]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
(
<figureCitation id="C395FCDBFFCEFFEEFF5088C1B1B7CDD4" box="[160,239,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1559]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Neopetrosia eructans sp. nov. holotype, MCCDRS9451: A. In situ. B. Preserved specimen. C. Surface view of the sponge showing the tangential, isodictyal reticulation of oxeas (black arrow) that overlays larger mutispicular subectosomal meshes (white arrow). D. Cross section of the choanosome showing the isotropic reticulation of oxeas (black arrow) with superimposed multispicular tracts of oxeas (white arrows). E. oxeas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5158108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5158108/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13B4B3D5FFCEFFEEFF678979B5EFCC89" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFCEFFEEFF678979B18FCC40" blockId="21.[151,1437,1796,2039]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCEFFEEFF678979B0D9CC1C" bold="true" box="[151,385,1796,1822]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="EBC6EA03FFCEFFEEFE788979B18FCC40" collectingDate="2004-11-30" elevation="18" latitude="-0.182" location="Caleta Negra" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="-91.394" municipality="Isabela Island" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCEFFEEFE788979B350CC1C" box="[392,520,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<typeStatus id="84155EFCFFCEFFEEFE788979B0B3CC1C" box="[392,491,1796,1822]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
—
</emphasis>
MCCDRS9451,
<location id="5E71B685FFCEFFEEFD328979B200CC1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D3075148FFCEFFE3FF6788E5B090CAF6:5E71B685FFCEFFEEFD328979B200CC1D" box="[706,856,1796,1823]" latitude="-0.182" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="-91.394" municipality="Isabela Island" name="Caleta Negra" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Caleta Negra</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="BB757A24FFCEFFEEFC948979B559CC1C" box="[868,1025,1796,1822]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Isabela Island</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3E9A8699FFCEFFEEFBFD8979B528CC1C" box="[1037,1136,1796,1822]" degrees="0.182" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="55" value="-0.182">0.182° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3E9A8699FFCEFFEEFB8C8979B5ABCC1D" box="[1148,1267,1796,1823]" degrees="91.394" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="55" value="-91.394">91.394° W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="9C564DBBFFCEFFEEFAF18979B465CC1D" box="[1281,1341,1796,1823]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="18.0">
<elevation id="D083076DFFCEFFEEFAF18979B465CC1D" box="[1281,1341,1796,1823]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="2F10C69EFFCEFFEEFAB98979B18BCC40" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2004-11-30">
<collectingDate id="3F543F76FFCEFFEEFAB98979B18BCC40" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2004-11-30">30 Nov 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFCEFFEEFF378931B3E8CC64" blockId="21.[151,1437,1796,2039]" box="[199,688,1868,1895]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation id="EBC6EA03FFCEFFEEFF378931B3F4CC64" box="[199,684,1868,1895]" location="Caleta Negra" municipality="Isabela Island" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCEFFEEFF378931B03ECC64" bold="true" box="[199,358,1868,1894]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<typeStatus id="84155EFCFFCEFFEEFF378931B05ACC64" box="[199,258,1868,1894]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="5E71B685FFCEFFEEFE9C8931B35ACC65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D3075148FFCEFFE3FF6788E5B090CAF6:5E71B685FFCEFFEEFE9C8931B35ACC65" box="[364,514,1868,1895]" municipality="Isabela Island" name="Caleta Negra" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Caleta Negra</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="BB757A24FFCEFFEEFDFD8931B3F4CC64" box="[525,684,1868,1894]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Isabela Island</collectingMunicipality>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFCEFFEEFF37890DB5EFCC89" blockId="21.[151,1437,1796,2039]" box="[199,1207,1904,1931]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCEFFEEFF37890DB0ABCC88" bold="true" box="[199,499,1904,1930]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
Only known from
<typeStatus id="84155EFCFFCEFFEEFD39890CB3A1CC89" box="[713,761,1905,1931]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
locality. Found growing on rock;
<specimenCount id="4DA82BD7FFCEFFEEFB87890DB5EFCC89" box="[1143,1207,1904,1931]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">
<quantity id="9C564DBBFFCEFFEEFB87890DB5EBCC89" box="[1143,1203,1904,1931]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13B4B3D5FFCEFFECFF3789E9B46DCDF9" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFCEFFEDFF3789E9B05ACBD7" blockId="21.[151,1437,1796,2039]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCEFFEEFF3789E9B001CCAC" bold="true" box="[199,345,1940,1966]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</emphasis>
Thickly encrusting sponge, ≤
<quantity id="9C564DBBFFCEFFEEFD4589E9B25ECCAD" box="[693,774,1940,1967]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
thick, covered in short, rounded or volcano-shaped lobes. Conspicuous singular or multiple oscules, ≤
<quantity id="9C564DBBFFCEFFEEFD7589C5B39ECCD1" box="[645,710,1976,2003]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
in diameter, are present at the apex of the lobes; oscules are flush with the surface. Surface of the sponge is densely and obviously punctate. Colour in life is cream, colour in ethanol is tan (
<figureCitation id="C395FCDBFFCDFFEDFF138EEAB0D2CBB3" box="[227,394,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1559]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Neopetrosia eructans sp. nov. holotype, MCCDRS9451: A. In situ. B. Preserved specimen. C. Surface view of the sponge showing the tangential, isodictyal reticulation of oxeas (black arrow) that overlays larger mutispicular subectosomal meshes (white arrow). D. Cross section of the choanosome showing the isotropic reticulation of oxeas (black arrow) with superimposed multispicular tracts of oxeas (white arrows). E. oxeas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5158108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5158108/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 11A–B</figureCitation>
). Texture is very hard, barely compressible, rough, felty to the touch. Ectosome is not easily detached.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFCDFFEDFF378EA3B04BCA67" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCDFFEDFF378EA3B06DCBFA" bold="true" box="[199,309,222,248]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Ectosome is a unispicular, tangential, isotropic reticulation, below which is a subectosomal layer consisting of large multispicular rounded meshes, around 500 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="C395FCDBFFCDFFEDFC108F7EB51DCA1F" box="[992,1093,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1559]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Neopetrosia eructans sp. nov. holotype, MCCDRS9451: A. In situ. B. Preserved specimen. C. Surface view of the sponge showing the tangential, isodictyal reticulation of oxeas (black arrow) that overlays larger mutispicular subectosomal meshes (white arrow). D. Cross section of the choanosome showing the isotropic reticulation of oxeas (black arrow) with superimposed multispicular tracts of oxeas (white arrows). E. oxeas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5158108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5158108/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
). The choanosomal skeleton is isotropic, but with superimposed multispicular ascending tracts, giving the appearance of an anisotropic orientation (
<figureCitation id="C395FCDBFFCDFFEDFF508F36B05ECA67" box="[160,262,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-19@23.[151,1436,181,1559]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 11. Neopetrosia eructans sp. nov. holotype, MCCDRS9451: A. In situ. B. Preserved specimen. C. Surface view of the sponge showing the tangential, isodictyal reticulation of oxeas (black arrow) that overlays larger mutispicular subectosomal meshes (white arrow). D. Cross section of the choanosome showing the isotropic reticulation of oxeas (black arrow) with superimposed multispicular tracts of oxeas (white arrows). E. oxeas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5158108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5158108/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="0FD1B0D6FFCDFFEDFF678911B2EACCF2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5158106" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5158106" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5158106/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[151,250,1900,1924]" targetBox="[158,1430,381,1877]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFCDFFEDFF678911B2EACCF2" blockId="22.[151,1436,1900,2033]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCDFFEDFF678911B07ACC86" bold="true" box="[151,290,1900,1924]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFCDFFEDFEDB8911B33DCC86" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Hickman &amp; Kelly, 2021" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Hickman &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2021" box="[299,613,1900,1924]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="roslynae" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Soestella">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCDFFEDFEDB8911B0C8CC86" box="[299,400,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Haliclona</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCDFFEDFE528911B0A5CC86" box="[418,509,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Soestella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCDFFEDFDFF8911B33DCC86" box="[527,613,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">roslynae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCDFFEDFD9E8911B399CC86" bold="true" box="[622,705,1900,1924]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="72E98137FFCDFFEDFD9E8911B399CC86" box="[622,705,1900,1924]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
holotype, MCCDRS9443:
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCDFFEDFC2E8911B2AECC86" bold="true" box="[990,1014,1900,1924]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A.</emphasis>
Deck photo;
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCDFFEDFB788911B5C7CC86" bold="true" box="[1160,1183,1900,1924]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B.</emphasis>
Preserved specimen.
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCDFFEDFA748911B4C4CC86" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1900,1924]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C.</emphasis>
Cross section of the choanosome of the holotype showing the ill-defined, paucispicular primary tracts (arrows).
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCDFFEDFB0E89EDB44ECCAA" bold="true" box="[1278,1302,1936,1960]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">D.</emphasis>
Higher magnification of the choanosome showing of the paucispicular primary tracts (black arrow) and unispicular secondary tracts (white arrow).
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCDFFEDFF1789A5B1A7CCF2" bold="true" box="[231,255,2008,2032]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E.</emphasis>
Surface view of sponge showing the tangential ectosome.
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCDFFEDFCA289A5B23DCCF2" bold="true" box="[850,869,2008,2032]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">F.</emphasis>
Oxeas.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="0FD1B0D6FFCCFFECFF678852B240CDB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5158108" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5158108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5158108/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[151,250,1583,1607]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1559]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFCCFFECFF678852B240CDB0" blockId="23.[151,1436,1583,1715]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFF678852B078CD45" bold="true" box="[151,288,1583,1607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFCCFFECFED7884DB358CD45" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Hickman &amp; Kelly, 2021" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Hickman &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2021" box="[295,512,1584,1607]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eructans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFED7884DB358CD45" box="[295,512,1584,1607]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Neopetrosia eructans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFDF88852B302CD45" bold="true" box="[520,602,1583,1607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="72E98137FFCCFFECFDF88852B302CD45" box="[520,602,1583,1607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
holotype, MCCDRS9451:
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFC838852B2D4CD45" bold="true" box="[883,908,1583,1607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFC63884DB283CD45" box="[915,987,1584,1607]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">In situ.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFC128852B2A1CD45" bold="true" box="[994,1017,1583,1607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">B.</emphasis>
Preserved specimen.
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFB298852B5AACD45" bold="true" box="[1241,1266,1583,1607]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C.</emphasis>
Surface view of the sponge showing the tangential, isodictyal reticulation of oxeas (black arrow) that overlays larger mutispicular subectosomal meshes (white arrow).
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFE8D880AB0CECD8D" bold="true" box="[381,406,1655,1679]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">D.</emphasis>
Cross section of the choanosome showing the isotropic reticulation of oxeas (black arrow) with superimposed multispicular tracts of oxeas (white arrows).
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFD4988E6B388CDB1" bold="true" box="[697,720,1691,1715]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">E.</emphasis>
oxeas.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFCCFFECFF37889CB46DCDF9" blockId="23.[151,1437,1761,2040]" box="[199,1333,1761,1788]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFF37889CB068CDF9" bold="true" box="[199,304,1761,1787]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Spicules.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFEC7889CB084CDF9" box="[311,476,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Megascleres—</emphasis>
small oxeas with sharply pointed tips, 131 (120–143) × 8 (6–9) µm (n = 20).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13B4B3D5FFCCFFECFF378978B1B0CC6A" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFCCFFECFF378978B1B0CC6A" blockId="23.[151,1437,1761,2040]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFF378978B016CC1D" bold="true" box="[199,334,1797,1823]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for the regular lobate surface of the sponge that is reminiscent of the fields of volcanoes in the
<collectingRegion id="996A2EBCFFCCFFECFF138954B001CC41" box="[227,345,1833,1859]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
Archipelago (Latin present participle used as adjective agreeing with
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFCCFFECFB778957B457CC41" authorityName="Laubenfels" authorityYear="1949" box="[1159,1295,1834,1859]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFB778957B457CC41" box="[1159,1295,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Neopetrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
= ‘belching forth’).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13B4B3D5FFCCFFE3FF37890CB090CAF6" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFCCFFECFF37890CB0C5CCD6" blockId="23.[151,1437,1761,2040]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFF37890CB063CC89" bold="true" box="[199,315,1905,1931]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFCCFFECFEB4890FB259CC89" authority="(Wilson, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[324,769,1905,1931]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="densissima">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFEB4890FB317CC89" box="[324,591,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Neopetrosia densissima</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F3F9DAFFFCCFFECFD91890CB3A1CC89" author="Wilson, H. V." box="[609,761,1905,1931]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref43636" refString="Wilson, H. V. (1904) Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer ' Albatross', during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. S. Commanding. 30. The sponges. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 30 (1), 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1904">Wilson, 1904</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is the only species of
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFCCFFECFBF3890FB5D3CC89" authorityName="Laubenfels" authorityYear="1949" box="[1027,1163,1906,1931]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFBF3890FB5D3CC89" box="[1027,1163,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Neopetrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that has been described from the
<collectingRegion id="996A2EBCFFCCFFECFF0C89E8B093CCAD" box="[252,459,1941,1967]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
. That species differs from
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFCCFFECFD1F89EBB237CCAD" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Hickman &amp; Kelly, 2021" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Hickman &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2021" box="[751,879,1942,1967]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eructans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFD1F89EBB237CCAD" box="[751,879,1942,1967]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">N. eructans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFC8589E8B296CCAD" bold="true" box="[885,974,1941,1967]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="72E98137FFCCFFECFC8589E8B296CCAD" box="[885,974,1941,1967]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in that it is brown in colour and has much longer oxeas (220 µm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFCCFFECFF3789A0B538CCFA" blockId="23.[151,1437,1761,2040]" box="[199,1120,2013,2040]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Three other species of
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFCCFFECFE3689A3B316CCF5" authorityName="Laubenfels" authorityYear="1949" box="[454,590,2014,2039]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFCCFFECFE3689A3B316CCF5" box="[454,590,2014,2039]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Neopetrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been described from the
<collectingRegion id="996A2EBCFFCCFFECFC5689A0B540CCF5" box="[934,1048,2013,2039]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">California</collectingRegion>
coast:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFC3FFE3FF678EEAB52BCBB3" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,393]" box="[151,1139,151,177]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
•
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFC3FFE3FF378EEAB321CBB3" authority="(De Laubenfels 1930)" baseAuthorityName="De Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[199,633,151,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="problematica">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFC3FFE3FF378EEAB024CBB3" box="[199,380,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">N. problematica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F3F9DAFFFC3FFE3FE7B8EEAB329CBB3" author="De Laubenfels, M. W." box="[395,625,151,177]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref38325" refString="De Laubenfels, M. W. (1930) The Sponges of California. (Abstracts of dissertations for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy). Stanford University Bulletin, 5, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">De Laubenfels 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is beige in life and has strongyles and oxeas;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFC3FFE3FF678EC6B4DBCBD7" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,393]" box="[151,1411,186,214]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
•
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFC3FFE3FF378EC6B361CBD7" authority="(De Laubenfels, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="De Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[199,569,187,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vanilla">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFC3FFE3FF378EC6B06ECBD7" box="[199,310,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">N. vanilla</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F3F9DAFFFC3FFE3FEB48EC6B369CBD7" author="De Laubenfels, M. W." box="[324,561,187,213]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref38325" refString="De Laubenfels, M. W. (1930) The Sponges of California. (Abstracts of dissertations for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy). Stanford University Bulletin, 5, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1930">De Laubenfels, 1930</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is a thinly encrusting sponge with small oscules (≤
<quantity id="9C564DBBFFC3FFE3FB8D8EC7B58BCBD7" box="[1149,1235,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
diameter); and,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFC3FFE3FF678EA2B597CBFB" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,393]" box="[151,1231,223,249]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
•
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFC3FFE3FF378EA2B09CCBFB" authority="(Ristau, 1978)" baseAuthorityName="Ristau" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[199,452,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="zumi">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFC3FFE3FF378EA2B045CBFA" box="[199,285,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">N. zumi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F3F9DAFFFC3FFE3FEDC8EA2B0E4CBFB" author="Ristau, D. A." box="[300,444,223,249]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="569 - 589" refId="ref41352" refString="Ristau, D. A. (1978) Six new species of shallow-water marine demosponges from California. Proccedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 91 (3), 569 - 589." type="journal article" year="1978">Ristau, 1978</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is an erect branching sponge that possesses toxa in addition to oxeas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFC3FFE3FF378F7EB238CA8B" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,393]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFC3FFE3FF378F7EB0E0CA1E" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Hickman &amp; Kelly, 2021" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Hickman &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,440,259,284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eructans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFC3FFE3FF378F7EB0E0CA1E" box="[199,440,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Neopetrosia eructans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFC3FFE3FE318F7EB344CA1F" bold="true" box="[449,540,259,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="72E98137FFC3FFE3FE318F7EB344CA1F" box="[449,540,259,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has a superficially similar morphology to
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFC3FFE3FBF48F7EB5AECA1E" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Hickman &amp; Kelly, 2021" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Hickman &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2021" box="[1028,1270,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spuma" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Soestella">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFC3FFE3FBF48F7EB52CCA1F" box="[1028,1140,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Haliclona</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFC3FFE3FB768F7EB5C3CA1F" box="[1158,1179,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFC3FFE3FB5D8F7EB5AECA1E" box="[1197,1270,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">spuma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFC3FFE3FB0F8F7EB403CA1F" bold="true" box="[1279,1371,259,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="72E98137FFC3FFE3FB0F8F7EB403CA1F" box="[1279,1371,259,285]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, both species being cream with a densely punctate surface. However,
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFC3FFE3FC928F5AB2BBCA42" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Hickman &amp; Kelly, 2021" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Hickman &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2021" box="[866,995,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Neopetrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eructans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFC3FFE3FC928F5AB2BBCA42" box="[866,995,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">N. eructans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFC3FFE3FC1B8F5AB51CCA43" bold="true" box="[1003,1092,295,321]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="72E98137FFC3FFE3FC1B8F5AB51CCA43" box="[1003,1092,295,321]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has a distinctly hard texture, a lobate surface, larger oscules, and multispicular subectosomal meshes, while
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFC3FFE3FBF08F36B5C3CA66" authority="Sim-Smith &amp; Hickman &amp; Kelly, 2021" authorityName="Sim-Smith &amp; Hickman &amp; Kelly" authorityYear="2021" box="[1024,1179,331,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spuma" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Soestella">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFC3FFE3FBF08F36B5C3CA66" box="[1024,1179,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">H. (S.) spuma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFC3FFE3FB538F36B5A6CA67" bold="true" box="[1187,1278,331,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="72E98137FFC3FFE3FB538F36B5A6CA67" box="[1187,1278,331,357]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has a soft friable texture, longer oxeas, and a loose, subanisotropic skeleton.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFC3FFE3FF678FA7B090CAF6" blockId="24.[151,456,474,500]" box="[151,456,474,500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFC3FFE3FF678FA7B090CAF6" bold="true" box="[151,456,474,500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<collectingRegion id="996A2EBCFFC3FFE3FF678FA7B1BDCAF6" box="[151,229,474,500]" country="American Samoa" name="order" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Order</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFC3FFE3FF1B8FA7B090CAF6" authority="Carter" authorityName="Carter" box="[235,456,474,500]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Axinellida Carter</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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