treatments-xml/data/42/BE/35/42BE358C0E7B5E2DAAAEB5014FD931C6.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.891.38560" ID-GBIF-Dataset="26160ac3-bf3e-4368-b9d9-27f938a10dbb" ID-PMC="PMC6882926" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-891-119" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF4ED6C8A48258E684039DAAE4FC3C19" ID-PubMed="31802974" ID-ZooBank="84BE68FCAA9D43579DA0C81EEBA95E13" ModsDocID="1313-2970-891-119" checkinTime="1574358829294" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Li, Xin-Yu, Pape, Thomas &amp; Zhang, Dong" docDate="2019" docId="42BE358C0E7B5E2DAAAEB5014FD931C6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 891: 119-156" docOrigin="ZooKeys 891" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.891.38560" docTitle="Gasterophilus pecorum Fabricius 1794" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="FF4ED6C8A48258E684039DAAE4FC3C19" lastPageNumber="119" masterDocId="FF4ED6C8A48258E684039DAAE4FC3C19" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of Gasterophilus (Oestridae, Gasterophilinae) of the world, with updated nomenclature, keys, biological notes, and distributions" masterLastPageNumber="156" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="119" updateTime="1668168113391" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Taxonomic review of Gasterophilus (Oestridae, Gasterophilinae) of the world, with updated nomenclature, keys, biological notes, and distributions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Li, Xin-Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Pape, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Dong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number>891</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName LSID="42BE358C-0E7B-5E2D-AAAE-B5014FD931C6" authority="Fabricius, 1794" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1794" class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Gasterophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasterophilus pecorum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pecorum">Gasterophilus pecorum (Fabricius, 1794)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Left lateral view of habitus (A, D, G), head and thorax (B, E, H), and head in frontal view (C, F, I) of male Gasterophilus species A-C G. nigricornis (Loew); China (in MBFU) D-F G. pecorum (Fabricius); China (in MBFU) G-I G. ternicinctus Gedoelst; South Africa (in MBFU). Scale bars: 1 mm (A-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.38560.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/358321" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.38560.figure3">
Figs 3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Dorsal view of habitus (A, C, E) and head and thorax (B, D, F) of male Gasterophilus species A, B G. nigricornis (Loew) C, D G. pecorum (Fabricius) E, F G. ternicinctus Gedoelst. Scale bars: 1 mm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.38560.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/358324" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.38560.figure6">6C, D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dorsal view (A, D, G) and left lateral view (B, E, H) of habitus, and head in frontal view (C, F, I) of female Gasterophilus species A-C G. nigricornis (Loew); China (in MBFU) D-F G. pecorum (Fabricius); China (in MBFU) G-I G. ternicinctus Gedoelst; Kenya (in NHM). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B, D-E, G, H); 0.5 mm (C, F, I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.38560.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/358327" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.38560.figure9">
9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Wing of Gasterophilus species, with A-C modified from Li et al. (2019) A G. flavipes (Olivier) B G. haemorrhoidalis (Linnaeus) C G. inermis (Brauer) D G. intestinalis E G. meridionalis (Pillers &amp; Evans) F G. nasalis (Linnaeus) G G. nigricornis (Loew) H G. pecorum (Fabricius) I G. ternicinctus Gedoelst. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-C); 1 mm (D-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.38560.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/358328" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.38560.figure10">10H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Dorsal (A, D, G), left lateral (B, E, H) and posterior (C, F, I) view of male genitalia of Gasterophilus species A-C G. nigricornis (Loew) D-F G. pecorum (Fabricius) G-I G. ternicinctus Gedoelst. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.38560.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/358331" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.38560.figure13">
13 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Dorsal (A, D), left lateral (B, E) and ventral (C, F) view of female genitalia of Gasterophilus species A-C G. nigricornis (Loew) D-F G. pecorum (Fabricius). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.38560.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/358334" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.38560.figure16">
16 
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Right lateral (A, E, I) and ventral (B, F, J) view, micropyle (C, G, K) and ultrastructural details of plastron (D, H, L) of eggs in Gasterophilus species A-D G. nasalis (Linnaeus) E-H G. nigricornis (Loew) I-L G. pecorum (Fabricius). Scale bars: 100 μm (A, B, I-J), 10 μm (in the box of J); 20 μm (C, H, K); 15 μm (D); 20 μm (E), 50 μm (in the box of E); 150 μm (F); 25 μm (G); 10 μm (L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.38560.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/358336" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.38560.figure18">
18 
<normalizedToken originalValue="I–L">I-L</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
<tableCitation captionStartId="T1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4545D2E5ACD4C571B7A824EE0F938333" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" tableUuid="4545D2E5ACD4C571B7A824EE0F938333">; Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="119" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Oestrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oestrus pecorum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pecorum">Oestrus pecorum</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1794: 230. Type locality: not given, probably Europe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Oestrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oestrus vituli" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vituli">Oestrus vituli</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1794: 231. Type locality: not given, but at least Sweden and France by reference to works of Linnaeus and Geoffroy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Gastrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gastrus jubarum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jubarum">Gastrus jubarum</taxonomicName>
Meigen, 1824: 179, 180. Type locality: Austria.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Gastrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gastrus lativentris" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lativentris">Gastrus lativentris</taxonomicName>
Brauer, 1858: 465. Type locality: Latvia, Curland (as &quot;in Kurland gefangen&quot;).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Gastrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gastrus ferruginatus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginatus">Gastrus ferruginatus</taxonomicName>
Zetterstedt, 1844: 978. Type locality: Sweden, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Skåne">Skane</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tranås">Tranas</normalizedToken>
socken, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Esperöd">Esperoed</normalizedToken>
. (as &quot;ad 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Esperöd">Esperoed</normalizedToken>
in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="parœcia">paroecia</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tranås">Tranas</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Scaniæ”">Scaniae&quot;</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Gasterophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gasterophilus pecorum var. zebrae" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pecorum" variety="zebrae">Gasterophilus pecorum var. zebrae</taxonomicName>
Rodhain &amp; Bequaert, 1920: 181. Type locality: Kenya and Tanzania.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Gastrophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gastrophilus vulpecula" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpecula">Gastrophilus vulpecula</taxonomicName>
Pleske, 1926: 227. Type locality: China, Inner Mongolia, Alxa League.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Gastrophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gastrophilus gammeli" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gammeli">Gastrophilus gammeli</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szilády">Szilady</normalizedToken>
, 1935: 140. Type locality: Hungary.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Gastrophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gastrophilus hammeli" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hammeli">Gastrophilus hammeli</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation author="Paramonov, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" refId="B75" refString="Paramonov, SJ, 1940. Gastrophilidae und ihre Bekaempfungen. Kiew-Lwow, 128 pp." title="Gastrophilidae und ihre Bekaempfungen. Kiew-Lwow, 128 pp." year="1940">Paramonov 1940</bibRefCitation>
: 34, 46; incorrect subsequent spelling of 
<taxonomicName family="Oestridae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="gammeli" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="gammeli">gammeli</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szilády">Szilady</normalizedToken>
, 1935.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Gastrophilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gastrophilus hummeli" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hummeli">Gastrophilus hummeli</taxonomicName>
: 
<bibRefCitation author="Paramonov, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" refId="B75" refString="Paramonov, SJ, 1940. Gastrophilidae und ihre Bekaempfungen. Kiew-Lwow, 128 pp." title="Gastrophilidae und ihre Bekaempfungen. Kiew-Lwow, 128 pp." year="1940">Paramonov 1940</bibRefCitation>
: 32; incorrect subsequent spelling of 
<taxonomicName family="Oestridae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="gammeli" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="gammeli">gammeli</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szilády">Szilady</normalizedToken>
, 1935.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oestridae" genus="Gastrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gastrus selysi" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="selysi">Gastrus selysi</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1849: 687. Nomen nudum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="119" type="selected references">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Selected references.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
<bibRefCitation author="Zumpt, F" journalOrPublisher="Butterworths Ltd., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" refId="B104" refString="Zumpt, F, 1965. Myiasis of Man and Animals in the Old World. Butterworths Ltd., London" title="Myiasis of Man and Animals in the Old World." year="1965">Zumpt (1965</bibRefCitation>
: 114); 
<bibRefCitation author="Grunin, KJ" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerbart'sche, Stuttgart" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" refId="B39" refString="Grunin, KJ, 1969. 64a. Gasterophilidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region 8. Schweizerbart'sche, Stuttgart" title="64 a. Gasterophilidae. In: Lindner E (Ed.) Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region 8." year="1969">Grunin (1969</bibRefCitation>
: 25); 
<bibRefCitation author="Pont, AC" editor="Delfinado, M" journalOrPublisher="Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Saint Petersbourg" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" refId="B82" refString="Pont, AC, Delfinado, M, Hardy, D, 1973. Familiy Oestridae. In: DelfinadoMHardyD (Eds) A Catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region: Suborder Cyclorrhapha.University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, 700-701." title="Familiy Oestridae. In: DelfinadoMHardyD (Eds) A Catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region: Suborder Cyclorrhapha. University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, 700 - 701." year="1973">Pont (1973</bibRefCitation>
: 698); 
<bibRefCitation author="Soos, A" editor="Soos, A" journalOrPublisher="Veterinary Parasitology" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" refId="B88" refString="Soos, A, Minar, J, Soos, A, Papp, L, 1986. Family Gasterophilidae. In: SoosAPappL (Eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, Vol.11. Scathophagidae - Hypodermatidae. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 237-240." title="Family Gasterophilidae. In: SoosAPappL (Eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, Vol. 11. Scathophagidae - Hypodermatidae. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 237 - 240." year="1986">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soós">Soos</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Minář">Minar</normalizedToken>
(1986
</bibRefCitation>
: 239); 
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; 
<bibRefCitation author="Xue, WQ" editor="Xue, WQ" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia [Rio De Janeiro]" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" refId="B99" refString="Xue, WQ, Wang, MF, Xue, WQ, Zhao, JM, 1996. Gasterophilidae. In: XueWQZhaoJM (Eds) Flies of China.Vol. 2. Liaoning Science and Technology Press, Shenyang, 2207-2215." title="Gasterophilidae. In: XueWQZhaoJM (Eds) Flies of China. Vol. 2. Liaoning Science and Technology Press, Shenyang, 2207 - 2215." year="1996">Xue and Wang (1996</bibRefCitation>
: 2210); Otranto et al. (2005); 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851996844.0000" author="Colwell, DD" journalOrPublisher="CABI, Wallingford" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" refId="B16" refString="Colwell, DD, Hall, MJR, Scholl, PJ, 2006. The Oestrid Flies: Biology, Host-Parasite Relationships, Impact and Management. CABI, Wallingford" title="The Oestrid Flies: Biology, Host-Parasite Relationships, Impact and Management." url="https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851996844.0000" year="2006">Colwell et al. (2006</bibRefCitation>
: 5); 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2007.00692.x" author="Colwell, DD" journalOrPublisher="Medical and Veterinary Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" pagination="255 - 264" refId="B17" refString="Colwell, DD, Otranto, D, Horak, IG, 2007. Comparative scanning electron microscopy of Gasterophilus third instars. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 21: 255 - 264" title="Comparative scanning electron microscopy of Gasterophilus third instars." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2007.00692.x" volume="21" year="2007">Colwell et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34409" author="Zhang, D" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia [Rio De Janeiro]" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" refId="B102" refString="Zhang, D, Li, X, Liu, X, Wang, Q, Pape, T, 2016. .https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34409" url="https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34409" year="2016">Zhang et al. (2016</bibRefCitation>
); 
<bibRefCitation author="Hoseini, SM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" pagination="441 - 445" refId="B46" refString="Hoseini, SM, Zaheri, BA, Adibi, MA, Ronaghi, H, Moshrefi, AH, 2017. Histopathological study of esophageal infection with Gasterophiluspecorum (Diptera: Oestridae) in Persian Onager (Equushemionusonager). Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 11: 441 - 445" title="Histopathological study of esophageal infection with Gasterophiluspecorum (Diptera: Oestridae) in Persian Onager (Equushemionusonager)." volume="11" year="2017">Hoseini et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.09.011" author="Li, XY" journalOrPublisher="Veterinary Parasitology" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" pagination="56 - 74" refId="B54" refString="Li, XY, Chen, Y, Wange, Q, Li, K, Pape, T, Zhang, D, 2018. Molecular and morphological characterization of third instar Palaearctic horse stomach bot fly larvae (Oestridae: Gasterophilinae, Gasterophilus). Veterinary Parasitology 262: 56 - 74" title="Molecular and morphological characterization of third instar Palaearctic horse stomach bot fly larvae (Oestridae: Gasterophilinae, Gasterophilus)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.09.011" volume="262" year="2018">Li et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12356" author="Yan, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia [Rio De Janeiro]" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" refId="B100" refString="Yan, L, Pape, T, Elgar, MA, Gao, Y, Zhang, D, 2019. .https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12356" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12356" year="2019">Yan et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="119" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Antennal pedicel elongated, with length/width ratio more than 0.8. Facial plate setose. Wing dark, with broad darkened patches with ill-defined edges; crossvein dm-cu absent. Meron with unmodified setae. Legs yellowish brown with femora distinctly darkened. Abdomen ground color yellow in male, mainly dark brown to black in female. Male cercus long and narrow, length/width ratio more than 3.0; surstylus yellow, with a rounded apex; processi longi elongated. Female sternite 8 with a longitudinal concavity in the middle and with a keel-shaped apex.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="119" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
CHINA - 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region</emphasis>
• 1♂; Akesu; 25 Sep. 1958; collector unknown; IOZ • 1♀; Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Qiemo County; Aqiang; 3000 m; 20 Jul. 1988; X.Z. Zhang leg.; IOZ • 2♀♀; Fuyun County, Qiakuertu; 8-10 Jun. 2009, F. Mo leg.; MBFU • 9♂♂, 4♀♀; Kalamaili; 6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="May–">May-</normalizedToken>
1 Jun. 2009; D. Zhang leg.; MBFU. - 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Inner Mongolia</emphasis>
• 1♀; Chifeng, Zhaowuda League, Right Banner; 22 Aug.-28 Sep. 1959; collector unknown; IOZ • 2♂♂; Ulanqab, Temurtei, 4-27 Aug. 1971; collector unknown; IOZ • 1♂; Xisuqi; 1 Sep. 1971; collector unknown; IOZ.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="119" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Hosts.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Burchell’s">Burchell's</normalizedToken>
zebra (
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. quagga" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="subspecies" species="quagga" subspecies="burchellii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">E. quagga burchellii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), domestic horse (
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. ferus" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="subspecies" species="ferus" subspecies="caballus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">E. ferus caballus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), donkey (
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. africanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="subspecies" species="africanus" subspecies="asinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">E. africanus asinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), Mongolian wild ass (
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. hemionus" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="subspecies" species="hemionus" subspecies="hemionus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">E. hemionus hemionus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), Persian onager (
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. hemionus" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="subspecies" species="hemionus" subspecies="onager">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">E. hemionus onager</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Boddaert), wild horse (
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. przewalskii" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="przewalskii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">E. przewalskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="119" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Afrotropical</emphasis>
- Burkina Faso, Kenya, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Oriental</emphasis>
- India. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Palaearctic</emphasis>
- Austria, Belgium, China (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang), Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy (incl. Corsica and Sicily), Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>