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<mods:title id="021639FB87622FC8BD0907B705E5B8C6">Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F54832B91A4E71D58ED7571B2DA6E252">Al-Handal, Adil Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="18EBAEE3F468EC94A4435484AC68403C">Thomas, Evan W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3A87772E5BC5B623D6C277D07CD3C6F0">Pennesi, Chiara</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A8F57304931C617BDF1BB18C423DC324">Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italia</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BACBEFF922F68FF61F120FD4DFEAF" authority="(Grunow) Moreno" authorityName="Moreno" authorityYear="1996" baseAuthorityName="Grunow" box="[136,675,268,293]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Lyrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="variety" species="lyra" variety="subcarinata">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF922F68FF61F120FEE3FEAF" bold="true" box="[136,269,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Lyrella lyra</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF922F68FEACF120FE20FEAF" bold="true" box="[325,462,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">subcarinata</emphasis>
(Grunow) Moreno
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in 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF922F68FD2EF120FC34FEAF" author="Moreno, J. L. &amp; Licea, S. &amp; Santoyo, H." box="[711,986,268,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" refId="ref26069" refString="Moreno, J. L., Licea, S. &amp; Santoyo, H. (1996) Diatomeas del Golfo de California. Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, 273 pp." type="book" year="1996">
Moreno 
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF922F68FCCFF120FCB9FEAF" box="[806,855,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
. (1996: 88)
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(
<figureCitation id="1300CBB8FF922F68FC03F120FBD5FEAF" box="[1002,1083,268,293]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–20" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1957,1978]" captionTargetBox="[216,1364,210,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[201,1386,190,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11–20. Marine benthic diatoms in the coral reefs off Basra. Fig. 11. Actinocyclus curvatulus, Fig. 12. Actinocyclus octonarius, Fig. 13. Lyrella abrupta, Fig. 14. Lyrella clavata, Fig. 15. Lyrella hennedyi, Fig. 16. Lyrella hennedyi var. subcarinata, Fig. 17, Lyrella spectabilis, Fig. 18. Petroneis granulata, Fig. 19. Petroneis marina, Fig. 20. Petroneis sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13728828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13728828/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8B84D73DFF922F68FF61F11EFE04FEE1" blockId="8.[136,1452,306,363]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF922F68FF61F11EFF1EFECD" box="[136,240,306,327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">References</emphasis>
: Hendey 1951, p. 50, pl. 10, figs 2,3; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF922F68FDBCF11EFCE2FECD" author="Moreno, J. L. &amp; Licea, S. &amp; Santoyo, H." box="[597,780,306,327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" refId="ref26069" refString="Moreno, J. L., Licea, S. &amp; Santoyo, H. (1996) Diatomeas del Golfo de California. Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, 273 pp." type="book" year="1996">
Moreno 
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF922F68FD4FF11EFD38FECD" box="[678,726,306,327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">et al.</emphasis>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 88; pl. 24, fig. 1; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF922F68FC26F11EFB90FECD" author="Desikachary, T. V." box="[975,1150,306,327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" pagination="662 - 809" refId="ref22970" refString="Desikachary, T. V. (1989) Marine diatoms of the Indian Ocean region. Atlas of diatoms, Pt. 6, Madras. Madras Science Foundation, pl. 662 - 809." type="book chapter" year="1989">Desikachary 1989</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 640, fig. 10 (all as 
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF922F68FABCF11EFEDEFEE1" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Navicula subcarinata</emphasis>
Hendey 1951: 50
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).
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF922F68FF61F1B0FF04FE3F" box="[136,234,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Features</emphasis>
: Length 80–140 μm, width 40–52 μm, striae 
<quantity id="4CC37AD8FF922F68FD03F1B0FCA3FE3F" box="[746,845,412,437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" unit="in" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 in</quantity>
10μm.
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</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF922F68FF54F1ECFEAFFE53" box="[189,321,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Description</emphasis>
: Valves broadly elliptical with sub-rostrate apices and straight raphe fissures. Hyaline lateral areas narrow. Transapical striae parallel throughout the length of the valve.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84D73DFF922F68FF54F224FB35FDCF" blockId="8.[136,1452,412,653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF922F68FF54F224FEF1FDAB" box="[189,287,520,545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Remarks</emphasis>
: The main characteristic feature that differentiate this 
<taxonomicName id="4C3BACBEFF922F68FC64F224FBF7FDAB" box="[909,1049,520,545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" rank="variety" variety="from">variety from</taxonomicName>
the 
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is the shape of the central area which is more elevated, a reason that led Hendey (1951) to consider it as a distinctive species.
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF922F68FF54F27CFE33FDE3" box="[189,477,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Ecology and Distribution</emphasis>
: Widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in the material examined.
</paragraph>
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