treatments-xml/data/02/74/3D/02743D08FFC7FFE344912B66FDA5CF24.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5070584" ID-GBIF-Dataset="674ff9ea-62f2-4ede-a0ad-ca877d4e2eda" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183319565" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5070584" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E8B1E2F2-6AF9-4A9F-BC77-64C31F7A0682" checkinTime="1614362833760" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Bertaco, Vinicius A. &amp; de Lucena, Carlos A. S." docDate="2006" docId="02743D08FFC7FFE344912B66FDA5CF24" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.4.1.53-60.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 4 (1)" docSource="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252006000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en" docStyle="DocumentStyle:85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5.4:NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Astyanax microschemos Bertaco &amp; de Lucena 2006, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="E8B1E2F2-6AF9-4A9F-BC77-64C31F7A0682" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FE4D4570FFC6FFE047222807FFD0CB3D" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) from eastern Brazil, with a synopsis of the Astyanax scabripinnis species complex" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="53" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1636521540974" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title>Two new species of Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) from eastern Brazil, with a synopsis of the Astyanax scabripinnis species complex</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bertaco, Vinicius A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>de Lucena, Carlos A. S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2006</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2006-03-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1590/S1679-62252006000100004</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">674ff9ea-62f2-4ede-a0ad-ca877d4e2eda</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4566958</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">41A8DF50-AF37-4313-990F-7D00A14B51FE</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5070584" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183319565" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5070584" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E8B1E2F2-6AF9-4A9F-BC77-64C31F7A0682" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/02743D08FFC7FFE344912B66FDA5CF24" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<subSubSection box="[947,1357,865,889]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="1.[947,1357,865,921]" box="[947,1357,865,889]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<heading box="[947,1357,865,889]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[947,1357,865,889]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName authority="Bertaco &amp; de Lucena, 2006" authorityName="Bertaco &amp; de Lucena" authorityYear="2006" box="[947,1215,865,889]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microschemos" status="new species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[947,1215,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Astyanax microschemos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1227,1357,866,889]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[1063,1242,898,921]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="1.[947,1357,865,921]" box="[1063,1242,898,921]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<figureCitation box="[1063,1156,898,921]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[151,190,959,982]" captionStartId-1="2.[158,197,709,732]" captionStartId-2="2.[839,878,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox-0="[156,782,192,935]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1481,192,685]" captionTargetBox-2="[839,1482,1339,1906]" captionTargetId-0="figure-718@1.[155,782,192,935]" captionTargetId-1="figure-556@2.[158,1481,192,685]" captionTargetId-2="figure-552@2.[839,1482,1339,1906]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Coastal drainages of states of Espírito Santo and Bahia, eastern Brazil, showing the distribution of Astyanax microschemos (dot) and Astyanax pelecus (square)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Astyanax microschemos, MCP 37569, holotype, 55.1 mm SL; córrego Palmital, rio Itapemirim drainage, Iúna, Espírito Santo, Brazil." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Astyanax microschemos, MCP 34366, paratype, 46.3 mm SL. SEM image of left side upper and lower jaws teeth." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4566962" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4566964" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4566966" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4566962/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4566964/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4566966/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Figs. 1-3</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation box="[1166,1242,898,921]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[151,214,192,215]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data of holotypes (H) and paratypes of Astyanax microschemos from the córrego Palmital, rio Itapemirim drainage, Espírito Santo (n = 20 including the holotype), and Astyanax pelecus from the rio Pardo drainage, Cândido Sales, Bahia (n = 9 including the holotype)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA2DC96FFC3FFE547B528C7FD15CA2A" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" tableUuid="DEA2DC96FFC3FFE547B528C7FD15CA2A">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1475,962,1113]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3313901302" accessionNumber="MCP 37569" collectingDate="2003-01-14" collectionCode="MCP" collectorName="R. L. Teixeira &amp; G. I. Almeida." country="Brazil" county="Iuna" latitude="-20.35" location="Palmital" longLatPrecision="1268" longitude="-41.516666" municipality="rio Itapemirim" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Espirito Santo" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,943,962,985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<typeStatus box="[831,938,962,985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<accessionNumber box="[950,1080,962,985]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP37569" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<collectionCode box="[950,1007,962,985]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">MCP</collectionCode>
37569
</accessionNumber>
(
<quantity box="[1094,1192,962,985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.51" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="55.1">55.1 mm</quantity>
SL), córrego 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:02743D08FFC7FFE344912B66FDA5CF24:8F02DAC5FFC7FFE1421F2BC5FA4AC8E4" box="[1341,1434,962,985]" country="Brazil" county="Iuna" latitude="-20.35" longLatPrecision="1268" longitude="-41.516666" municipality="rio Itapemirim" name="Palmital" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="Espirito Santo">Palmital</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality pageId="1" pageNumber="54">rio Itapemirim</collectingMunicipality>
drainage, 
<collectingCounty box="[1071,1122,994,1017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Iúna</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[1136,1295,994,1017]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1309,1378,994,1017]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, approx. 
<geoCoordinate box="[831,914,1026,1049]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" precision="925" value="-20.35">20º21’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[918,1011,1026,1049]" degrees="41" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" precision="925" value="-41.516666">41º31’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date box="[1019,1142,1026,1049]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" value="2003-01-14">
<collectingDate box="[1019,1142,1026,1049]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" value="2003-01-14">14 Jan 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName box="[1150,1289,1026,1049]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">R. L. Teixeira</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[1318,1458,1026,1049]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">G. I. Almeida.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1475,962,1113]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3313901301" accessionNumber="MCP 34366" collectionCode="MCP" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" specimenCode="31" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,946,1058,1081]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<typeStatus box="[831,942,1058,1081]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<accessionNumber box="[950,1075,1058,1081]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP34366" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<collectionCode box="[950,1005,1058,1081]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">MCP</collectionCode>
34366
</accessionNumber>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1083,1109,1058,1081]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">31</specimenCode>
(3 c&amp;s), 
<quantity box="[1197,1339,1058,1081]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.515" metricValueMax="5.51" metricValueMin="3.52" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="45.15" valueMax="55.1" valueMin="35.2">35.2-55.1 mm</quantity>
SL, collected with the 
<typeStatus box="[926,1024,1090,1113]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1474,1154,1433]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,958,1154,1177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bertaco &amp; de Lucena" authorityYear="2006" box="[970,1253,1154,1177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microschemos">
<emphasis box="[970,1253,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Astyanax microschemos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Jenyns" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scabripinnis">
<emphasis box="[1450,1466,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">A</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[831,965,1186,1209]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">scabripinnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex and differs from species outside this complex by the lower number of branched anal-fin rays (14-18 
<emphasis box="[954,976,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">vs</emphasis>
20-45) and the shallow body depth (26.9-29.7 
<emphasis box="[1452,1474,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">vs</emphasis>
more than 35% of SL). The combination of the shallow body depth (26.9-29.7% of SL), and the smaller interorbital width (26.9-30.4% of HL), 
<emphasis box="[1045,1111,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">versus</emphasis>
the deeper body depth (29.7-35.6% of SL) and greater interorbital width (29.4-38.8% of HL), distinguish it from remaining species of the complex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1474,1474,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,966,1474,1497]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometric data summarized in 
<tableCitation box="[1331,1407,1474,1497]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[151,214,192,215]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data of holotypes (H) and paratypes of Astyanax microschemos from the córrego Palmital, rio Itapemirim drainage, Espírito Santo (n = 20 including the holotype), and Astyanax pelecus from the rio Pardo drainage, Cândido Sales, Bahia (n = 9 including the holotype)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA2DC96FFC3FFE547B528C7FD15CA2A" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" tableUuid="DEA2DC96FFC3FFE547B528C7FD15CA2A">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Body compressed and elongate; greatest body depth usually located anterior to dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head between vertical through posterior nostril and tip of supraoccipital spine straight or slightly convex. Profile of body convex from tip of supraocciptal spine to base of last dorsal-fin ray, and straight from that point to adipose-fin origin. Ventral profile of body slightly convex from vertical through posterior nostril to pectoral-fin insertion, and nearly straight from that point to anal-fin origin. Body profile along anal-fin base posterodorsally slanted. Caudal peduncle elongate and nearly straight to slightly concave along both dorsal and ventral margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="1.[831,1474,1474,1977]" lastBlockId="2.[158,802,803,1978]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Snout profile rounded from margin of upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils. Head small. Mouth terminal, lower jaw slightly longer than upper jaw. Maxilla extending posteri- orly to vertical through anterior margin of orbit, slightly curved, and aligned at angle of approximately 45 degrees relative to longitudinal body axis. Anterodorsal border of maxilla concave, posterodorsal border slightly convex, and ventral bor- der convex. Maxilla slightly widened anteroposteriorly.</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4566964" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4566964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4566964/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" startId="2.[158,197,709,732]" targetBox="[158,1481,192,685]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[158,1482,709,764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,227,709,732]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority=", MCP" authorityName="MCP" box="[232,556,709,732]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microschemos">
<emphasis box="[232,488,709,732]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Astyanax microschemos</emphasis>
, MCP
</taxonomicName>
37569, holotype, 55.1 mm SL; córrego Palmital, rio Itapemirim drainage, Iúna, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="2.[158,802,803,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
Premaxilla with two tooth rows; outer row with three pentacuspid teeth with central cusp longer. Five teeth in inner premaxillary row; teeth gradually decreasing in length from first towards fourth teeth with last tooth distinctly smaller: teeth with five to seven cusps with central cusp twice as long and broad as other cusps. Maxilla with two or three (usually two) teeth with tree to five cusps and central cusp longest. Four anterior-most dentary teeth larger, with five or seven cusps, followed by one medium-sized tooth with five cusps, and then four or five teeth with one to three cusps. Central cusp in all teeth two to three times as long and broad as other cusps. All cusp tips slightly curved posteriorly towards inside of mouth (
<figureCitation box="[315,378,1347,1370]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[839,878,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[839,1482,1339,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-552@2.[839,1482,1339,1906]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Astyanax microschemos, MCP 34366, paratype, 46.3 mm SL. SEM image of left side upper and lower jaws teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4566966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4566966/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[158,802,803,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Dorsal-fin rays ii, 9 (n = 20); first unbranched ray approximately one-half length of second ray. Distal margin of dorsalfin nearly straight or slightly convex. Dorsal-fin origin approximately at middle of SL.Adipose-fin located approximately at vertical through insertion of base of last anal-fin ray. Analfin rays iv-v, 15-17 (rarely 14 or 18, mean = 16.1, n = 20). First unbranched ray normally only apparent in cleared and stained specimens. Distal border of anal fin smoothly concave. Analfin origin situated posterior to vertical through base of last dorsal-fin ray. Pectoral-fin rays i, 11-13 (mean = 11.9, n = 20). Tip of pectoral fin falls one or two scales short of vertical through pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic-fin rays i, 7 (n = 20). Pelvic-fin origin located slightly anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Tip of pelvic fin reaching posterior portion of genital open, but falling short of anal-fin origin.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[158,802,803,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Caudal-fin forked with lobes of similar size and 19 principal rays. Dorsal procurrent rays 9-11. Ventral procurrent rays 9-10 (n = 3).</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4566966" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4566966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4566966/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" startId="2.[839,878,1922,1945]" targetBox="[839,1482,1339,1906]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[839,1481,1922,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[839,908,1922,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority=", MCP" authorityName="MCP" box="[915,1243,1922,1945]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microschemos">
<emphasis box="[915,1173,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Astyanax microschemos</emphasis>
, MCP
</taxonomicName>
34366, paratype, 46.3 mm SL. SEM image of left side upper and lower jaws teeth.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="2.[158,802,803,1978]" lastBlockId="2.[839,1482,803,1114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Scales cycloid, moderately large. Lateral line complete. Scales in lateral line series 36-38 (mean = 37, n = 20). Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 5-6 (mean = 5.2, n = 20); 4-5 scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin (mean = 4.2, n = 20). Predorsal scales 10-12 (mean = 10.7, n = 20) arranged in regular series. Scale rows around caudal peduncle 14 (n = 20). Scale sheath along anal-fin base formed by 4-8 scales in single series covering base of anterior-most rays.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[839,1482,803,1114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Precaudal vertebrae 17-18; caudal vertebrae 18-19; total vertebrae 35-36. Supraneurals 5-6. Gill-rakers 6/10 (n = 3).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[839,1481,1155,1306]" lastBlockId="3.[151,794,194,537]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[839,1025,1155,1178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Color in alcohol</emphasis>
. Dorsal and dorsolateral portions of head and body dark brown. Dark chromatophores scattered on lateral portion of head, but more densely concentrated on snout and anterior border of eye. Dorsal portion of body densely pigmented in larger specimens. Scales on midlateral surface of body bordered with dark brown chromatophores forming reticulate pattern. Body with black, pigmented, midlateral stripe extending from humeral region to base of middle caudal-fin; faint dark pigmentation present of middle caudal-fin rays. Midlateral body stripe expanded dorsally and ventrally proximate to caudal-fin base and forming small caudal spot. Single black, narrow, vertically-elongate humeral spot present with dorsal portion of spot wider. Spot located over second to fourth lateral-line scales and extending over 2 or 3 horizontal series of scales, including lateral line. Fins with scattered dark chromatophores (
<figureCitation box="[336,400,514,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[158,197,709,732]" captionTargetBox="[158,1481,192,685]" captionTargetId="figure-556@2.[158,1481,192,685]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Astyanax microschemos, MCP 37569, holotype, 55.1 mm SL; córrego Palmital, rio Itapemirim drainage, Iúna, Espírito Santo, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4566964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4566964/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,793,578,633]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,382,578,601]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
Secondary sexual characters were not found on examined specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,794,674,761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,299,674,697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[307,568,674,697]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microschemos">
<emphasis box="[307,568,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Astyanax microschemos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the upper-most headwaters of the rio Itapemirim drainage, a coastal drainage in 
<collectingRegion box="[342,540,738,761]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Espírito Santo State</collectingRegion>
of eastern 
<collectingCountry box="[646,709,738,761]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation box="[720,778,738,761]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[151,190,959,982]" captionTargetBox="[156,782,192,935]" captionTargetId="figure-718@1.[155,782,192,935]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Coastal drainages of states of Espírito Santo and Bahia, eastern Brazil, showing the distribution of Astyanax microschemos (dot) and Astyanax pelecus (square)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4566962" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4566962/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="56" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,794,802,857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,273,802,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is from the Greek, 
<emphasis box="[642,787,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">mikroschemos</emphasis>
, low stature, referring to the shallow body depth of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,794,898,1049]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,341,898,921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
At the type-locality the córrego Palmital is about 
<quantity box="[215,254,930,953]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
wide, with clear water, segments with rapids, riparian vegetation, and a substrate of stones and rocks. 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microschemos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Astyanax microschemos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="J.T.Reinhardt" authorityYear="1867" box="[581,738,994,1017]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Crenuchidae" genus="Characidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[581,738,994,1017]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Characidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.H.Eigenmann &amp; R.S.Eigenmann" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,328,1026,1049]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,328,1026,1049]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Neoplecostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Valenciennes in Humboldt" authorityYear="1832" box="[422,590,1026,1049]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[422,590,1026,1049]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Trichomycterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>