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213 lines
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<document id="EDA38CB68D34F3A0172F2D78531EDFA2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385386" ID-ZooBank="2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1733917054948" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh & Watson, Gillian W." docDate="2024" docId="981B8798FFA6397392DA97C337A8D976" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5542.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5542 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Eriopeltis festucae" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="6422FFE0FF9D394F924D97543531DD43" masterDocTitle="The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1734100605626" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="27C003FD61F400A1BEE833D14395AE39">
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<mods:title id="070B8D831F3BCA69F0BC842201EFA3F1">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CC722492647FFD27D712FB45DB3E8133" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="05582563DCA76FE31BCB77E16785BDE4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="02D44E9A989239F77BE7E9DB1BDC36FC">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EF934291AA1DC756B767735F660D6F36">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="852444729870570AAD37FDA3A75EFB5C">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D8AF8CCFCBDAF749B8750A2E1D8C7E15" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9914-0094</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="845D68A82F4C23101202E4178881B3DB">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FD54CBBA7746D031F80BA8C340C933CF" type="email">gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="E69555F3A03C71E840B31C9BABC8075D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8BC8741B1CBDE6F7B01F490A299B7481">
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<mods:date id="81C1E3689913D4AD774D83E264CB5C0D">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7356EA46163CD6B107FE3716062E0B04">2024-11-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8C582821649161900C6AB6A2E9889DBF">5542</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="0B2B99692975CE26075C66AF2637B84D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="640410900E44A88108716B4E5BCDB5DA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7646C774D7F800EF8A428D22EF79EA99" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="981B8798FFA6397392DA97C337A8D976" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14444948" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14444948" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:981B8798FFA6397392DA97C337A8D976" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981B8798FFA6397392DA97C337A8D976" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFA6397492DA97C3379CDDF2" box="[151,685,151,178]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFA6397492DA97C3379CDDF2" blockId="59.[151,685,151,214]" box="[151,685,151,178]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="4B4581E2FFA6397492DA97C3379CDDF2" bold="true" box="[151,685,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA6397492DA97C3379CDDF2" ID-CoL="3B57V" authority="(Boyer de Fonscolombe)" baseAuthorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[151,685,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eriopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festucae">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA6397492DA97C3379CDDF2" bold="true" box="[151,685,151,178]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA6397492DA97C33446DDF2" bold="true" box="[151,375,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Eriopeltis festucae</emphasis>
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(Boyer de Fonscolombe)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFA6397492DA97EF37A0DD96" box="[151,657,187,214]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFA6397492DA97EF37A0DD96" blockId="59.[151,685,151,214]" box="[151,657,187,214]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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(
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFA6397492D297EF35C2DD96" box="[159,243,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[191,1411,486,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-83@59.[177,1411,484,1937]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 22. Adult female of Eriopeltis festucae (Boyer de Fonscolombe), reproduced from Gill (1988) page 37, fig. 11, with permission from the author and California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, USA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385476/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFA6397492B397EF346ADD96" box="[254,347,187,213]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,234,1620,1644]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[189,1398,181,1597]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="PLATE 2. Coccidae continued: A, Ceroplastes rubens Maskell; B, Coccus hesperidum (Linnaeus); C-1 and C-2, Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus); D, Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya); E, Ericerus farsicus Moghaddam & Faghih; F, Eriopeltis festucae (Boyer de Fonscolombe); G, Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385392/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Plate 2F</figureCitation>
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, distribution map
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<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFA63974906B97EF37B8DD96" box="[550,649,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="180.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,190,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-22@180.[202,1386,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="180" captionText="FIGURE 90. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Drosicha turkestanica Archangelskaya; B, Ericerus farsicus Moghaddam & Faghih; C, Eriopeltis festucae (Boyer de Fonscolombe); D, Eulecanium ficiphilum Borchsenius; E, Eulecanium rugulosum (Archangelskaya); F, Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus); G, Exaeretopus tritici Williams; H, Gossyparia spuria (Modeer); I, Gueriniella serratulae (Fabricius); J, Hadzibejliaspis stipae (Hadzibejli); K, Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas); L, Icerya purchasi Maskell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385713/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 90C</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFA6397492DA965434B6DCC7" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFA6397492DA9654307EDC5B" blockId="59.[151,1359,255,280]" box="[151,1359,255,280]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFA6397492DA9654307EDC5B" box="[151,1359,255,280]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFA6397492DA96543793DC54" author="Boyer de Fonscolombe, E. L. J. H." box="[151,674,255,280]" page="216" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1834">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA6397492DA96543793DC54" ID-CoL="WMJQ" authority="Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834: 216" authorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" authorityPageNumber="216" authorityYear="1834" box="[151,674,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festucae">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA6397492DA9654340ADC5B" box="[151,315,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Coccus festucae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFA63974930C96543793DC54" author="Boyer de Fonscolombe, E. L. J. H." box="[321,674,255,280]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="201 - 218" refId="ref99015" refString="Boyer de Fonscolombe, E. L. J. H. (1834) Description des Kermes qu'on trouve aux environs d'Aix. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 3, 201 - 218." type="journal article" year="1834">Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834: 216</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA6397490E19654315EDC5B" ID-CoL="3B57V" authority="(Boyer de Fonscolombe)" baseAuthorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[684,1135,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eriopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festucae">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA6397490E196543658DC5B" box="[684,873,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Eriopeltis festucae</emphasis>
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(Boyer de Fonscolombe)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFA6397496349654307ADC5B" author="Signoret, V." box="[1145,1355,256,280]" page="430" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1872">
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFA6397496349654307ADC5B" author="Signoret, V." box="[1145,1355,256,280]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="421 - 434" refId="ref108610" refString="Signoret, V. (1872 b) Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homopteres - Coccides), 8 e partie. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, Serie 5, 1, 421 - 434." type="journal article" year="1872">Signoret 1872b: 430</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFA6397492DA961134B6DCC7" blockId="59.[151,1437,325,460]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA6397492DA961134A3DC1C" bold="true" box="[151,402,325,351]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
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Live adult female very elongate, flattened, and completely concealed within a long, felt-like cottony white ovisac.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFA63973928A96D9370ADFB2" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFA63974928A96D93736DC8F" blockId="59.[151,1437,325,460]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA63974928A96D934E7DCE4" bold="true" box="[199,470,397,423]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Slide-mounted adult female body oval, without stigmatic clefts; anal cleft very shallow, about same length as anal plates.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="44CD6606FFA6397492DA90FC31D9DAA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385476" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385476/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" startId="59.[151,250,1960,1984]" targetBox="[191,1411,486,1937]" targetPageId="59" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFA6397492DA90FC31D9DAA7" blockId="59.[151,1436,1960,2020]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA6397492DA90FC3411DA83" bold="true" box="[151,288,1960,1984]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
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Adult female of
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA63974938090FC36A0DA83" authority="(Boyer de Fonscolombe)" baseAuthorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[461,913,1960,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eriopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festucae">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA63974938090FC37BADA83" box="[461,651,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Eriopeltis festucae</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA6397490DC90FC37A8DA83" bold="true" box="[657,665,1960,1984]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">(</emphasis>
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Boyer de Fonscolombe)
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</taxonomicName>
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, reproduced from
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFA63974960690FC318CDA83" author="Gill, R. J." box="[1099,1213,1960,1984]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref101648" refString="Gill, R. J. (1988) The Scale Insects of California: Part 1. The Soft Scales (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, 132 pp." type="book" year="1988">Gill (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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page 37, fig. 11, with permission from the author and California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, USA.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFA13973928A97C33044DC26" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA13973928A97C33410DDF3" box="[199,289,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Dorsum</emphasis>
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. Derm of young adult female membranous. Large truncate-conical setae abundant over entire surface except for a narrow mid-dorsal strip. Pores of
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<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFA1397390D797EF37DCDD96" box="[666,749,187,213]" count="2" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
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, both present throughout: (i) a heavily sclerotized circular-tooval bilocular pore, abundant; and (ii) a smaller, simple pore. Preopercular pores circular, slightly convex, present in a median row extending anteriorly from anal plates to about dorsad to antennae. Duct tubercles absent. Tubular ducts, each with a terminal gland, present throughout except for narrow mid-dorsal strip. Anal plates together quadrate, each plate with long terminal seta (not shown) and 5 shorter setae. Anal ring bearing 8–10 long setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFA13973928A963B36CEDC92" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA13973928A963B342BDCCB" box="[199,282,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Margin</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Marginal setae truncate-conical, similar to smaller dorsal truncate-conical setae on either side of anal plates and cleft; each side with 8–21 truncate-conical marginal setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic areas. Stigmatic clefts absent; stigmatic setae not differentiated from marginal setae.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="100D368EFFA13973928A968F370ADFB2" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA13973928A968F343EDCB7" box="[199,271,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Venter</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Derm membranous. Pregenital disc-pores each with 10 or 11 loculi, present around anogenital fold and anteriorly on preceding abdominal segments; with a few on abdominal segment
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="76A3AE4BFFA13973965696AB3100DF5A" box="[1051,1073,511,537]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">II</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in a band between each spiracle and margin. Microducts abundant throughout. Ventral tubular ducts of 2 or
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFA1397392A295133472DF22" box="[239,323,583,609]" count="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="generic" typeStatus="types">3 types</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
, differing in shape of inner ductule but all ending in terminal glands (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFA13973962B9513318DDF22" box="[1126,1212,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[191,1411,486,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-83@59.[177,1411,484,1937]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 22. Adult female of Eriopeltis festucae (Boyer de Fonscolombe), reproduced from Gill (1988) page 37, fig. 11, with permission from the author and California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, USA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385476/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). A few small setae present on 1 or 2 pregenital segments, and 1 pair of small spine-like setae present between antennal bases. Legs very small for size of body, each with only a pseudo-articulation between tibia and tarsus; claw lacking a denticle; claw digitules setose, lacking a dilated apex; tarsal digitules longer than claw digitules. Antennae very small for size of body, each with 8 ring-like segments.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFA13973928A95AE3673DE1E" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="100D368EFFA13973928A95AE3673DE1E" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA13973928A95AE3452DE57" bold="true" box="[199,355,762,788]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA13973932695AF370FDE56" baseAuthorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[363,574,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eriopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festucae">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA13973932695AF370FDE56" box="[363,574,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Eriopeltis festucae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is known from 39 countries in the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFA13973971D95AF344CDE7A" author="Garcia Morales M. & Denno B. D. & Miller D. R. & Miller G. L. & Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B." pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
|
|||
|
|
García Morales
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA1397392B1944B3401DE7A" box="[252,304,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. 2016
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
); in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFA1397393FF944B34D3DE7A" box="[434,482,799,825]" name="Iran" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, it is found in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, Ghazvin,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFA13973967E944B3190DE7A" box="[1075,1185,799,825]" country="Iran" name="Hamadan" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Hamadan</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFA1397396E2944B302BDE7A" box="[1199,1306,799,825]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Khorasan</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
–e Razavi,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFA1397392DA941735C6DE1E" box="[151,247,835,861]" country="Iran" name="Markazi" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Markazi</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFA13973934F9417346DDE1E" box="[258,348,835,861]" country="Iran" name="Semnan" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Semnan</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFA1397393DE941734D0DE1E" box="[403,481,835,861]" country="Iran" name="Zanjan" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Zanjan</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
provinces (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFA13973902E94173606DE1E" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[611,823,835,861]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFA13973928A943334C9DE8A" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="100D368EFFA13973928A943334C9DE8A" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA13973928A9433346ADEC2" bold="true" box="[199,347,871,897]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Host-plants:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
The species has been recorded on host-plants in 22 genera, almost all belonging to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA13973975994333041DEC2" baseAuthorityName="Bodenheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[1300,1392,871,897]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
but there is one record from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA1397393E494DF3643DEE6" authority="(Garcia Morales et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Garcia Morales" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[425,882,907,933]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
|
|||
|
|
Cyperaceae (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFA13973907794DF365BDEE6" author="Garcia Morales M. & Denno B. D. & Miller D. R. & Miller G. L. & Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B." box="[570,874,907,933]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. & Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
|
|||
|
|
García Morales
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA1397390A294DF3611DEE6" box="[751,800,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. 2016
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. In
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFA1397391D794DF36FBDEE6" box="[922,970,907,933]" name="Iran" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, it has only been found on wild species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA1397392DA94FB34C5DE8A" authority="(Bodenheimer 1944 b)" baseAuthorityName="Bodenheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[151,500,943,969]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
|
|||
|
|
Poaceae (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFA13973934C94FB34DDDE8A" author="Bodenheimer, F. S." box="[257,492,943,969]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref98321" refString="Bodenheimer, F. S. (1944 b) Note on the Coccoidea of Iran, with description of new species. Bulletin de la Societe Fouad 1 er d'Entomologie, 28, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1944">Bodenheimer 1944b</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFA13973928A948637A8D976" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="multiple">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="100D368EFFA13973928A948635C7D952" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA13973928A948634EBDEAF" bold="true" box="[199,474,978,1004]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Economic importance:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
The scale is widespread in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFA13973916E94873662DEAE" box="[803,851,979,1005]" name="Iran" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, but there have not been any records of economic damage.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="100D368EFFA13973928A934F37A8D976" blockId="60.[151,1437,151,1077]" box="[199,665,1050,1077]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA13973928A934F34A5D977" bold="true" box="[199,404,1050,1077]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
None recorded in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFA139739029934F37A4D976" box="[612,661,1051,1077]" name="Iran" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|