treatments-xml/data/FE/60/5F/FE605F66CB5B5078A68A185AA9D27B99.xml

<document id="218AA36CB81CA463BBDEE14588E7A78C" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225" ID-ZooBank="94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80" ID-publisher-id="117225" URI-arpha="255F6420-5705-5F50-9167-509E6C76FA1C" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1721676390257" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Angus, Robert B., Maté, Jason F., Angus, Elizabeth M. &amp; Král, David" docDate="2024" docId="FE605F66CB5B5078A68A185AA9D27B99" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1207: 205-299" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1207" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/117225/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Aphodius (Liothorax) kraatzi Harold 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="299" masterDocId="255F642057055F509167509E6C76FA1C" masterDocTitle="Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="299" masterPageNumber="205" pageNumber="205" updateTime="1721676524171" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="598B60FA099B92D80771380E6DB1D99A">Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8A892366F625A37CB64FED7A6186E1D9">Maté, Jason F.</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="5FA3ADD07326FFD0C8CAFE386DA6A040" italics="true">Aphodius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="9903061F9C7BFF1B67A29FD74C6F6882" italics="true">Liothorax</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="C07DF7E907425AF42E101855079CC778" italics="true">kraatzi</emphasis>
Harold, 1868
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<figureCitation id="FB5DB74A271A88D550F46489EB65E584" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a – i whole beetles a, b A. kraatzi a AF, Kabul, ♀ b KZ, Kyzil Kum c, d A. isikdagensis, TR, Ḉamildere c ♂ paratype d ♀ paratype e – g A. alberti sp. nov., TR. Rize, Ovitdagi e holotype ♂ f paratype ♂ g paratype ♀ h A. alberti?, ♂, AR, Armenia i A. isikdagensis?, ♂, TR, Artvin. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097461">Figs 3 a, b</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1151C5159A10F8BAD444DB79AF5598A9" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. a – p A. plagiatus group, heads and pronota a – c A. plagiatus plagiatus a GB, Norfolk b CZ, Moravia, Dobre Pole c RU, St Petersburg d A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Qinghai, Gangca e – g A. discoides e neotype IS Kuneitra f TR, Kyzil Dag g Turkey Muş h A. discoides, black ♂, TR, Karakurt i – k A. rutilipennis i A. ressli, holotype, TR, Hatay j CY, Akrotiri k A. cypricola, holotype, CY l A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala m A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg n A. ballerioi sp. nov., paratype ♂, TR, Rize o, p L. kraatzi o RU, Astrakhan p SR. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097463">5 o, p</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="0F917F6AF9E4B3607EA4DF7B4FF52F8C" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. a – k epipharynxes a, b A. kraatzi, SV c, d A. isikdagensis paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere e, f A. felix sp. nov., paratypes g, h A. bameuli paratypes i A. alberti?, AR j A. krelli sp. nov., paratype k, l A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes. Scale bar: 0.5 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097467">8 a, b</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="24DCDE90EFF0510F43BD1466843AF9F5" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Aphodius plagiatus group, pronotal bases 2 a A. discoides, TR b A. kraatzi, SK c L. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Volgograd oblast’." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097474">14 b</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A713B1C2BEEEC8DB5B794CCBDB7446AC" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Elytral sculpture of interstices 2 or 3 a – z stacked photographs a A. plagiatus plagiatus, CZ, Moravia b, c A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratypes, CH b Gangca, Qinghai c Gansu d A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay e A. chellala sp. nov., holotype f A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg g, h A. discoides g neotype, IS, Kuneitra h TR, Kizildag i A. discoides, black specimen, TR, Karakurt j A. kraatzi, SK k A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere l, m A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn n – q A. muscorum, HU n holotype, Vörös-tó o Hortobágyi p, q Kisjúszállás r, s A. niger? r CZ, Hradec Králové s CZ, České Budějovice t A. muscorum? SK, Bol u A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily v A. felix sp. nov., paratype, IT w A. wilsonae, paratype, SP x A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica y A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia z A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag. a’ – c ’ A. plagiatus, at higher magnification a ’, c ’ stacked photographs a ”, c ” SEM images a ’, a ” A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., CH, Gansu c ”, c ’ A. p. plagiatus, CZ, Moravia. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097480">17 j</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="EDAB0735FF6E2DCBB034B9C4FF22BAD5" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Legs a – h A. plagiatus group, stacked photographs mid tarsi and apical portions of tibiae a A. plagiatus sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Gangca, Qinghai b A. rodrigoi sp. nov. holotype, SP, Aranjuez c A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay d A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala e A. discoides, neotype, IS, Keneitra f, g A. kraatzi f SV g RU, Karasuk, W. Siberia h A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg i – t A. niger group, mid tarsi, and tibial apices i – o SEM images p – t stacked photographs i A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn j A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi k, l A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica m, n A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia o A. wilsonae, paratype SP p, q A. felix sp. nov, IT, Abruzzo, Campo Felice p paratype q holotype r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily s A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere t A. alberti sp. nov., holotype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag u, v fore tibiae and tarsi of ♂♂ to show the spur. u A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica v A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg w, x apex of hind tibia to show the short spines w A. muscorum, HU x A. wilsonae, paratype, SP. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097482">18 f, g</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="4AB7724E27C123CA7183509D8C11310A" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Metaventrites, A. plagiatus group a A. plagiatus plagiatus, GB, Studland, ♂ b A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Gansu, ♀ c, d A. rutilipennis, CY c ♂ d ♀ e, f A. chellala sp. nov., paratypes, AG e ♂ f ♀ g, h A. kraatzi, RU, Orenburg, ♂ i A. kraatzi, SK, ♀ j A. rodrigoi sp. nov., holotype, ♂, SP, Provinicia de Madrid, Aranjuez k, l A. discoides k neotype ♂, IS, Kuneitra l TR, ♀ m, n A. rusakovi m paratype, ♂, RU, Orenburg n ♀ RU, Volgograd oblast’. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097486">
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– i
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, 
<figureCitation id="F952FF442D45AF9A22624EC3075DF53D" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Aphodius plagiatus group aedeagi a – c A. plagiatus plagiatus, GB, Studland, Dorset, aedeagus with extruded endophallus a, b SEM images a whole aedeagus b endophallus in more detail c stacked photograph of endophallus d – g A. discoides, neotype (Aphodius bytinskisalzi, holotype, IS, Kuneitra) d, e, e ’ SEM images f, g stacked photographs h – n cleared preparations mounted on slides h A. p. plagiatus, GB, Norfolk i A. p. sinoplagiatus? “ China, Pekin ”, Fry collection i ’ teeth on neck of endophallus in the region marked with an arrow in i j, k A. plagiatus sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratypes j CH, Gangca k CH, Tsaidam l Aphodius jakutorum Balthasar, lectotype, RU, East Siberia m A. rodrigoi sp. nov., holotype, SP, Aranjuez, dissected aedeagus m ’ endophallus m ” endophallic teeth in area indicated by arrow in m ’ at higher magnification n A. discoides, TR, Karacadag n ’ teeth on neck of endophallus, in area indicated by arrow in n at higher magnification o A. discoides, black specimen from TR, Karakurt, o ’ teeth on neck of endophallus, in area indicated by arrow in o at higher magnification p, p ’ A. rusakovi p paratype, RU, Orenburg p ’ RU Volgograd obl. Fastov, paramere, lateral q – v SEM images and stacked photographs q, r A. rutilipennis, CY, with endophallus inflated q SEM image q ’ (bottom right of plate) dorsal surface of endophallus in area indicated by arrow in q at higher magnification, to show the hair-like setae r stacked photograph of the same specimen s, s ’ A. chellala sp. nov., paratype with endophallus extruded s stacked photograph s ’, s ”, s ” ’ SEMs of the same specimen s ”, s ” ’ at higher magnifications t, u L. chellala sp. nov., holotype with the endophallus extruded t stacked photograph u SEM image v – z photographs of cleared specimens mounted in DMHF on slides v, w A. rutilipennis v CY w TR w ’ teeth on neck of endophallus, in area indicated by arrow in w at higher magnification x A. chellala sp. nov., paratype, AG, Taguin (La Smala) x ’ teeth on neck of endophallus, in area indicated by arrow in x at higher magnification y, z A. kraatzi y KZ, Syr Darya z AF, Kabul z ’ teeth on neck of endophallus, in area indicated by arrow in z at higher magnification Scale bar 1: 1 mm (a, d, f – t, v – z); 0.4 mm (n ’, o ’, s ”, w ’, x ’, z ’); 0.17 mm (e ’, m ”, q’ s ” ’). Scale bar 2: 1 mm (b, c, e, g and s ”)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097490">22 y, z</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="46ED5DEBB991ABF3081312CC7576559D" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Aedeagal encasements (9 th abdominal sternite) a A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest b A. muscorum, HU, Hortobagyi c A. felix sp. nov., IT, Campo Felice d A. alberti sp. nov., TU, Ovit Dağı e A. bellumgerens sp. nov., IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia f A. bameuli sp. nov., FR, Corsica, Haute-Corse g A. wilsonae, SP, Cantabria, Corconte h A. kraatzi, RU, Chita Reg. i A. plagiatus, UK, Norfolk, Hunstanton j A. plagiatus, CN, Beijing k A. rodrigoi sp. nov., SP, Madrid, Aranjuez l A. chellala sp. nov., AG, Chellala, paratype m A. rutilipennis sp. nov., CY, Konakli, paratype n A. discoides sp. nov., paratype. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097496">25 h</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="8BC86E19ED566A829B8FA4F70DCFFC50" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Spermathecae a – e A. plagiatus plagiatus a CZ, Dobre Pole b GB, Norfolk c KZ, Karaganda d, e RU, Transbaikal, Ulan Ude f, g A. p. sinoplagiatus, CN f Gansu g holotype, CN, Qinghai h, i A. discoides, TR h Kizil dag, i Muʂ j A. rutilipennis CY, Limassol distr k A. rutilipennis?, GR Thesaloniki l A. chellala, paratype, AG, Chellala m, n A. rusakovi m paratype, RU, wet but not covered n KZ, Syr-Darja o – s A. kraatzi o, p SK q RU, Astrakhan r RU, Lenkoran s AF, Kabul t A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest u A. muscorum HU, Hortobágyi v A felix, paratype, IT w, x A. bameuli, paratypes, FR y A. krelli, sp. nov., IT z A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT a ’, b ’ A. alberti sp. nov., TR paratypes c ’ A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR Ḉamildere d ’, e ’ A. wilsonae, SP d ’ paratype, SP, Madrid e ’ SP, Soria. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097499">26 o – s</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="D17A55A12D6E9ACB72FF8D38F0296682" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Mitotic chromosomes, arranged as karyotypes a, b A. plagiatus plagiatus, ♂, GB, Dorset, Studland a plain (Giemsa stained) b the same nucleus C-banded c A. plagiatus sinoplagiatus, ♂, CH, Qinghai, Gangca, plain d, e A. rutilipennis, ♂, CY, Zakaki Marshes d plain e C-banded f – h A. kraatzi ♀, SK f, g nucleus without B-chromosomes f plain g C-banded h, i nucleus with 1 B-chromosome h plain i C-banded. Scale bar: 5 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097512">30 f – h</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="CBC9725C9A48D379DDF28F79D60BE657">
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<taxonomicName id="80E2637818641D302F3FC3EFE35E9EE4" ID-CoL="FHNB" authority="Harold, 1868: 84" authorityName="Harold" authorityPageNumber="84" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kraatzi">
<emphasis id="CF326A057DA8AF8CDCAD8AA7BE8FD0A7" italics="true">Aphodius kraatzi</emphasis>
Harold, 1868: 84
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.
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<paragraph id="98FDB2775B4E5E153B9B5DBF8435AD64">
<heading id="9D0AB71AA5D9AAECC459B5C21CB97395" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="F81A7F8627F16254366096CF188AD64F">Type</typeStatus>
material examined.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7CD7783F1A54BC37C3CDB4C675281232">
(
<collectionCode id="FB0ED07699BFD152FFB3A7B7C660487E" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3kvn-7rck" name="Princeton University" type="">MNHP</collectionCode>
), seen but not studied in detail by DK.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8AF677B7E0DA74F6C4C6F7C0E578FD33">
<heading id="1FB66BBBE172924FD97A040879B84E83" reason="title">Additional material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B0B7489E1212ADE3D462B3CA0F43394A">
SK: S. 
<collectingCountry id="287D2E3C30B6170D613ED1211BACF6DC" name="Slovakia">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
, E. of Chlaba, sandy place S of the railway. 
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<geoCoordinate id="B3BF83E81BA9E3C6345F3F77F3B62AF8" degrees="47.842" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="47.842">47.842 ° N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="7ADAF94DB43D2FA651884AB46A8091D5" degrees="18.844" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="18.844">18.844 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
. 
<quantity id="DDFE159F3900E536855099D4D8F07ED3" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" unit="m" value="107.0">107 m</quantity>
a. s. l .. 
<date id="8D63F5286963E3E73A51DB25711033B7" value="2014-06-11">11. vi. 2014</date>
. leg. D. Král. 
<specimenCount id="D1FDD0E3523AEFF4702142E0D1762983" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="E69994D686ACD885A1C6746B88E38C05" count="5" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(
<named-content id="88A3B3305C4ABFA63143AAD2AE1D67CF" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="The Natural History Museum, London">
<collectionCode id="81E172C975A1E0479E89A62E0551F8BA" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
). Martovce. 
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EXSHK" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[18.127000,47.858000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="E76CF1D83D6D9CDF41696BEE63BAA77C" degrees="47.858" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="47.858">47.858 ° N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A5BE5CDDBD6814AC45D858E22C7BFAA0" degrees="18.127" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="18.127">18.127 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
. 
<specimenCount id="0710ECC837444B08E5F0443C61005ECF" count="2" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(
<named-content id="ADA454298038593FED4C90D647B686FC" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="The Natural History Museum, London">
<collectionCode id="5C7A60ED89FD114F08C592C5F1F74DC4" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
). Velké Kosíhy. 
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EDTHK" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[18.127000,47.734000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="A689D3EF934FD6FD84CB95C56A60AD36" degrees="47.734" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="47.734">47.734 ° N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="3C52338A820818AE07EF5B3118F1FBA4" degrees="18.127" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="18.127">18.127 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
. 
<specimenCount id="A9CF97730924DD6EE6E7C06FB6653C99" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<named-content id="0E96AAE647AD1C9D40B99263786A3045" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="The Natural History Museum, London">
<collectionCode id="DE04A1E818168DC07F08A5D803F01EEA" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
). Virt. 
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EPTHK" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[18.324000,47.742000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="C2B2B2A1044D4637C1E77310DFA1A6F1" degrees="47.742" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="47.742">47.742 ° N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="CBE839C3EE15C8D11BCDBEF86FCAF890" degrees="18.324" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="18.324">18.324 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
. 
<date id="CFF53D2B918E9A7859654D93A7B7B6F3" value="2012-07-31" valueMax="2012-08-02" valueMin="2012-07-31">31. vii – 2. viii. 2012</date>
. Martinů Ivo leg. 2, unsexed (
<named-content id="1951BDF67E65A52B5AD8C626FB9F6354" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-prague-0" xlink_title="National Museum Prague">
<collectionCode id="939E5EB973F063AD6651E6F1B114C920" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx6k-enrh" name="National Museum (Prague)" type="">NMP</collectionCode>
</named-content>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA55095629866530C868B72F349F2CE2">
GR: Lesbos, Petra. 
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E4THK" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[26.181000,39.399000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="D0F1F1215691675572183B61BD1BB255" degrees="39.399" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="39.399">39.399 ° N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D3D90163358E279E178ED29D1472570F" degrees="26.181" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="26.181">26.181 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
. 2, unsexed (
<named-content id="923C542B9BA1BC0628416F7743566B0D" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/naturhistorisches-museum-wien-0" xlink_title="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien">
<collectionCode id="82FD612440749B972CF345C903AD056A" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" type="">NMW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EDE48FCF5C4E7303E29956654B40A245">
RU: 
<collectingRegion id="8FCBCC539582FCCE946EFC1294251529" country="Russia" name="Astrakhan'">Astrakhan obl.</collectingRegion>
Dosang. 
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ELUHK" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[47.916000,46.904000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="B5323964ED418E70CC6B10C10D8E9FCC" degrees="46.904" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="46.904">46.904 ° N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="10AC8A5AA7325053946967FEA85CD50B" degrees="47.916" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="47.916">47.916 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
. Cattle dung. 
<tp_taxon-name id="8F9317EDC125F891CBB97EBFD7381ACF">
<emphasis id="F394D55085B07315C11D029C8F0FA145" italics="true">
<tp_taxon-name-part id="6B5FE2114916FD60D7E7D743E64977C9" reg="Aphodius" taxon-name-part-type="genus">A.</tp_taxon-name-part>
</emphasis>
</tp_taxon-name>
Frolov &amp; 
<tp_taxon-name id="C0675F0275FE7B609B914527866ED244">
<emphasis id="CC863F53EF06334D131A56817B3AA084" italics="true">
<tp_taxon-name-part id="DDCAECA1EEED55023F553E3E3AD0293C" reg="Liothorax" taxon-name-part-type="genus">L.</tp_taxon-name-part>
</emphasis>
</tp_taxon-name>
Akhmetova. 
<specimenCount id="C2AB77FCB0F47DA78BBDEDEB9EF275C4" count="2" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, 4 unsexed, 
<date id="975C8081788E789AAADD267BE3548FB0" value="2007-05-23">23. v. 2007</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="5E5CAE3A98FAA03307E1C04AA5650D20" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<date id="08F4967AC6A261C25CE1B46438E52E26" value="2004-05-01" valueMax="2004-05-03" valueMin="2004-05-01">1–3. v. 2004</date>
(
<collectionCode id="22C80DC7651D4881DFD231EFA7E4B0C4" country="Libya" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/49nc-28y0" name="Natural History Museum, Tripoli" type="">NHML</collectionCode>
). 
<collectingRegion id="3865F29747F4E9EEB0C39F4431BFB4AF" country="Russia" name="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk obl.</collectingRegion>
Karasuk. 
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E6UHK" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[78.000000,53.500000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="CD48B589EB8E0ADB7A7FEFC221CB23F2" degrees="53.5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5555" value="53.5">53.5 ° N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C8DE368595089762C2BCC60BD69F7B01" degrees="78" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55555" value="78.0">78 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
. 
<date id="A61D4BCDA9FC5E74637AC6E7BD2737B5" value="1982-06" valueMax="1982-07-31" valueMin="1982-06-00">vi – vii. 1982</date>
. R. B. 
<collectingRegion id="FE67FE2D95E00A39AD887553A9EA8955" country="United Kingdom" name="Angus">Angus</collectingRegion>
. 
<specimenCount id="0E1D277F8622CBF8DC85B0A0A96C338D" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<named-content id="2219780279844A0872D7ACF1BC2D7E69" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="The Natural History Museum, London">
<collectionCode id="4BB516409753FF30E5C645718CAF7554" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
). SE Siberia, S Chita reg. 
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ELVHK" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[115.663446,50.071166]}">
<geoCoordinate id="8EC6EE5C7DDEE109F9A6666B2CFF6BA4" degrees="50.071166" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="50.071167">50.071166 ° N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="961D5356F65706575337378480CB9EDA" degrees="115.663446" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="115.663445">115.663446 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
. Zun Tore Lake. 
<date id="85D385A6A21F9929419AB6AA7313AB8C" value="2002-05-30">30. v. 2002</date>
. 
<specimenCount id="E9C694E98A3B69A7CE5D77FE6175C9AD" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQVHK" xlink_title="Jason Maté Collection">
<collectionCode id="6FAE812174EA10D58632BE2450B46760">JFMC</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4EB6CAF947CCC6C68B2DB8CEB7611FEC">
IN “ O. Ashur-ade ” (Ashooradeh Island). 
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EZVHK" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[53.960000,36.910000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="BC48117C9541A39F2F69E92189A3B77F" degrees="36.91" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="36.91">36.91 ° N</geoCoordinate>
, 53.96 ° Е
</named-content>
. Solovkin 
<date id="FBAB4DE8484AEF4E07F0306B1308016F" value="1913-05-01">1. v. 1913</date>
. 4, unsexed (
<named-content id="D4733EA31A013CA6A8E71B418F37E785" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/russian-academy-sciences-zoological-institute-zoological-museum" xlink_title="Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences St Petersburg">
<collectionCode id="7A68548F456559D7F5070DA6CB659E45" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
</named-content>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="556CCAE0BF5E75D27660123211F912BE">
KZ: Dzhulek, Orenburg – Tashkent railway, Syr Darja (Taken as Zholek near Baigakum, 
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EHWHK" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[66.466000,44.314000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="251294105C9FE1EDB78DA80ED439FE11" degrees="44.314" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="44.314">44.314 ° N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="9CC8DEF6EDAFCF90DB8DAFFC4E95AAC6" degrees="66.466" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="66.466">66.466 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
), 
<specimenCount id="ADF532ECE48FAC439FFB62C629970069" count="3" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="2647C25440899FB4593415F035A13EE0" count="3" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, 9, unsexed (
<collectionCode id="EF79DA431F3C785F89622D24F8B8F733" country="Libya" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/49nc-28y0" name="Natural History Museum, Tripoli" type="">NHML</collectionCode>
). Kozakhit, Almaty obl. Altyn Emel NP Ul; ken Kalkan. 
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EPWHK" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[78.749000,43.874000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="ED1CD7377ACA9917C414F40FE6182CB7" degrees="43.874" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="43.874">43.874 ° N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="1600DC370CD04351E799200CA70ECE2C" degrees="78.749" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="78.749">78.749 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
. N bank of R. Ile, at light, 
<date id="8A1827ECB3D49305538C58F5DD3E16B5" value="2012-05-05">5. v. 2012</date>
. D. J. Mann &amp; J. Cooter. 
<specimenCount id="9A308E3B97A1A68065202D845ADA49E4" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, 3 unsexed (
<named-content id="5073199689F8F5648A1589944E7F5836" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/oxford-university-museum-natural-history" xlink_title="Oxford University Museum">
<collectionCode id="B5060F498B3064F27B4EFF12EA1E2E26" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/g6yf-wft0" name="Oxford University Museum of Natural History" type="">OUM</collectionCode>
</named-content>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F77792C69E471F15444885438D4B0A8F">
UZ: Kyzylkum desert Baymachan distr. 
<date id="3C98F33043C097278F1EA0359388E22B" value="1995-05-11">11. v. 1995</date>
. 2, undissected (
<named-content id="176BF0EE6794E7D7CEB1E8233172F26C" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="The Natural History Museum, London">
<collectionCode id="62306480BAFBBDCC937DBBFC9EE5AD39" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="62CF1D3E87C12ED8DAA6478089573B46">
AF: 
<collectingRegion id="D622E930693E35CA8E6D7B9D9015B0A2" country="Afghanistan" name="Kabul">Kabul</collectingRegion>
. 
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EDXHK" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[69.213000,34.548000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="4DC734C2546C2E680967FC2AFB6521AD" degrees="34.548" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="34.548">34.548 ° N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D35DB5D2C99399407F6C8E0A22673AC7" degrees="69.213" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="69.213">69.213 ° E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
. 
<specimenCount id="F267F863662666C83876DA70D37AC5C1" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="24C833E431C27DC6BB4088517AB7F9ED" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<named-content id="B848937323773ADC51F4A16486CEFCAD" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-prague-0" xlink_title="National Museum Prague">
<collectionCode id="84A6304A59AB1515AE6BC9472B3055D4" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fx6k-enrh" name="National Museum (Prague)" type="">NMP</collectionCode>
</named-content>
), 
<specimenCount id="6EC1A2AA978061602BF9F7A241892DC7" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 1 unsexed (
<named-content id="170FAF2EB95EF222B64709383FDCF65A" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/naturhistorisches-museum-wien-0" xlink_title="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien">
<collectionCode id="CFD691641330FB51123F56369DD01395" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" type="">NMW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQXHK" type="Differential diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CC9EFC0ACC95EC47AD1B3EA44905607E">
<heading id="6101F0AC5DBEF4ADDD7F38D8BE17A3EA" reason="title">Differential diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14563AA9282B3E49BBDE0C39E24AB7EF">
A conspicuously narrow elongate black beetle, with the scutellum wide, generally wider than elytral interstice 2. Elytral interstices weakly raised, not flat as in most other species. Smaller, length 
<quantity id="97DF53D92867B252C147AD9990ED294E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.7" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="3.7">3.7–4.8 mm</quantity>
. Basal line of pronotum completely effaced over middle 1 / 3 (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="DF9850CF4F4BADAC1354ED9916D040C8" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Aphodius plagiatus group, pronotal bases 2 a A. discoides, TR b A. kraatzi, SK c L. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Volgograd oblast’." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097474">14 b</figureCitation>
). 
<specimenCount id="B2EC25F384D3BBBB3D53AAC870B74D31" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
with spermatheca smaller (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="771FFAF155E229D4A529DFF6DD3FF3AA" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Spermathecae a – e A. plagiatus plagiatus a CZ, Dobre Pole b GB, Norfolk c KZ, Karaganda d, e RU, Transbaikal, Ulan Ude f, g A. p. sinoplagiatus, CN f Gansu g holotype, CN, Qinghai h, i A. discoides, TR h Kizil dag, i Muʂ j A. rutilipennis CY, Limassol distr k A. rutilipennis?, GR Thesaloniki l A. chellala, paratype, AG, Chellala m, n A. rusakovi m paratype, RU, wet but not covered n KZ, Syr-Darja o – s A. kraatzi o, p SK q RU, Astrakhan r RU, Lenkoran s AF, Kabul t A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest u A. muscorum HU, Hortobágyi v A felix, paratype, IT w, x A. bameuli, paratypes, FR y A. krelli, sp. nov., IT z A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT a ’, b ’ A. alberti sp. nov., TR paratypes c ’ A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR Ḉamildere d ’, e ’ A. wilsonae, SP d ’ paratype, SP, Madrid e ’ SP, Soria. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097499">26 o – s</figureCitation>
), length ca 
<quantity id="4208F7B54352FA1BDB31E08907419E8F" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E5XHK" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="A74AAC52E153AF0F13C80B7EC94B65FC">
<heading id="8791578C176E44B47FA742C2DC0F06A5" reason="title">Redescription.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8890F5AD58B33AF7334786CB8E37D72C">
General appearance (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="E50317DFDB524B52CBAB6AC92D4CCDB7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a – i whole beetles a, b A. kraatzi a AF, Kabul, ♀ b KZ, Kyzil Kum c, d A. isikdagensis, TR, Ḉamildere c ♂ paratype d ♀ paratype e – g A. alberti sp. nov., TR. Rize, Ovitdagi e holotype ♂ f paratype ♂ g paratype ♀ h A. alberti?, ♂, AR, Armenia i A. isikdagensis?, ♂, TR, Artvin. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097461">3 a, b</figureCitation>
). Black, elongate, parallel-sided, and conspicuously narrow. Length: 
<quantity id="E583AC71C77AD9F74DCFE77A7DCE12A5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="3.4" unit="mm" value="4.1" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="3.4">3.4–4.8 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="9F2868A6C7955C2CC19F18075E82A0A0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.9 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B1BA6F78C2E8D123D198401717E5690">
Head black with anterior and lateral margins of the clypeus narrowly brown. Anterior margin of clypeus emarginated, the sides of this emargination bluntly rounded. Central part of clypeus bulging upwards, frontoclypeal suture occasionally slightly raised medially but without any trace of a real tubercle, straight or slightly curved backwards over middle 1 / 2, angled forward to run to the junction of the clypeus and genae laterally. Punctation double, varying from close and strong to rather sparse, generally weaker and sparser in the central area of the frons and becoming rugose anteriorly and laterally (head and pronotum: Fig. 
<figureCitation id="07F29B2C30B2B209DD8817C2529A005D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. a – p A. plagiatus group, heads and pronota a – c A. plagiatus plagiatus a GB, Norfolk b CZ, Moravia, Dobre Pole c RU, St Petersburg d A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Qinghai, Gangca e – g A. discoides e neotype IS Kuneitra f TR, Kyzil Dag g Turkey Muş h A. discoides, black ♂, TR, Karakurt i – k A. rutilipennis i A. ressli, holotype, TR, Hatay j CY, Akrotiri k A. cypricola, holotype, CY l A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala m A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg n A. ballerioi sp. nov., paratype ♂, TR, Rize o, p L. kraatzi o RU, Astrakhan p SR. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097463">5 o, p</figureCitation>
) Maxillary palpi dark brown, the apical segment blackish. Antennae brown, the clubs darker. Epipharynx (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="6376152DFC492F2B04309E4A6042FEC5" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. a – k epipharynxes a, b A. kraatzi, SV c, d A. isikdagensis paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere e, f A. felix sp. nov., paratypes g, h A. bameuli paratypes i A. alberti?, AR j A. krelli sp. nov., paratype k, l A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes. Scale bar: 0.5 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097467">8 a, b</figureCitation>
) with the anterior margin of the clithra almost straight either side of the median tylus and the acropariae very well-developed. The prophobae are well-developed on each side of the mesoepitorma and there are three or four chaetopedia on each side. Pronotum black, hemicylindrical, highly arched transversely, only weakly so longitudinally. Entire lateral margins visible from above. Surface with double punctation of variable strength, generally weaker medially. Hind margin bordered only in lateral 1 / 4 s (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="867AF28D3D740EDDA7A4D200D80AA3C2" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Aphodius plagiatus group, pronotal bases 2 a A. discoides, TR b A. kraatzi, SK c L. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Volgograd oblast’." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097474">14 b</figureCitation>
). Scutellum rather wide, generally wider than elytral interstice 2, pentagonal, moderately elongate, sides parallel in basal 1 / 2, then angled to apical convergence. Metaventrite variable. Median diamond-shaped plate sometimes excavated and quite strongly punctured (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="A977C29A9B59E296A68A12D118F0C2A7" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Metaventrites, A. plagiatus group a A. plagiatus plagiatus, GB, Studland, ♂ b A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Gansu, ♀ c, d A. rutilipennis, CY c ♂ d ♀ e, f A. chellala sp. nov., paratypes, AG e ♂ f ♀ g, h A. kraatzi, RU, Orenburg, ♂ i A. kraatzi, SK, ♀ j A. rodrigoi sp. nov., holotype, ♂, SP, Provinicia de Madrid, Aranjuez k, l A. discoides k neotype ♂, IS, Kuneitra l TR, ♀ m, n A. rusakovi m paratype, ♂, RU, Orenburg n ♀ RU, Volgograd oblast’. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097486">
<quantity id="B8A9165438A0E02CECE5F953233E6D0E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" unit="g" value="20.0">20 g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
), or flatter and more finely punctured (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="FDEC87643DBF5B4BE66690EED1230832" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Metaventrites, A. plagiatus group a A. plagiatus plagiatus, GB, Studland, ♂ b A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Gansu, ♀ c, d A. rutilipennis, CY c ♂ d ♀ e, f A. chellala sp. nov., paratypes, AG e ♂ f ♀ g, h A. kraatzi, RU, Orenburg, ♂ i A. kraatzi, SK, ♀ j A. rodrigoi sp. nov., holotype, ♂, SP, Provinicia de Madrid, Aranjuez k, l A. discoides k neotype ♂, IS, Kuneitra l TR, ♀ m, n A. rusakovi m paratype, ♂, RU, Orenburg n ♀ RU, Volgograd oblast’. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097486">20 h, i</figureCitation>
). Legs brown, longer spur of mid tibiae clearly longer than the basal segment of the tarsus (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="9087A2AD568C66203E3B2665E3CB38F0" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Legs a – h A. plagiatus group, stacked photographs mid tarsi and apical portions of tibiae a A. plagiatus sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Gangca, Qinghai b A. rodrigoi sp. nov. holotype, SP, Aranjuez c A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay d A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala e A. discoides, neotype, IS, Keneitra f, g A. kraatzi f SV g RU, Karasuk, W. Siberia h A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg i – t A. niger group, mid tarsi, and tibial apices i – o SEM images p – t stacked photographs i A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn j A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi k, l A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica m, n A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia o A. wilsonae, paratype SP p, q A. felix sp. nov, IT, Abruzzo, Campo Felice p paratype q holotype r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily s A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere t A. alberti sp. nov., holotype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag u, v fore tibiae and tarsi of ♂♂ to show the spur. u A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica v A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg w, x apex of hind tibia to show the short spines w A. muscorum, HU x A. wilsonae, paratype, SP. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097482">18 f, g</figureCitation>
). Elytra glossy black, interstices very weakly convex, finely reticulate and with sparse fine punctation, and 6–8 × width of the striae (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="C5D89C27AE5316EE1A6FC9E9AE63E36E" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Elytral sculpture of interstices 2 or 3 a – z stacked photographs a A. plagiatus plagiatus, CZ, Moravia b, c A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratypes, CH b Gangca, Qinghai c Gansu d A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay e A. chellala sp. nov., holotype f A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg g, h A. discoides g neotype, IS, Kuneitra h TR, Kizildag i A. discoides, black specimen, TR, Karakurt j A. kraatzi, SK k A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere l, m A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn n – q A. muscorum, HU n holotype, Vörös-tó o Hortobágyi p, q Kisjúszállás r, s A. niger? r CZ, Hradec Králové s CZ, České Budějovice t A. muscorum? SK, Bol u A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily v A. felix sp. nov., paratype, IT w A. wilsonae, paratype, SP x A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica y A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia z A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag. a’ – c ’ A. plagiatus, at higher magnification a ’, c ’ stacked photographs a ”, c ” SEM images a ’, a ” A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., CH, Gansu c ”, c ’ A. p. plagiatus, CZ, Moravia. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097480">17 j</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A1617988CB7C4D5B78A29226BBB4450">
Aedeagus (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="BAAF63FFC98CC5B8DAA2D5AD7F6C9240" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Aphodius plagiatus group aedeagi a – c A. plagiatus plagiatus, GB, Studland, Dorset, aedeagus with extruded endophallus a, b SEM images a whole aedeagus b endophallus in more detail c stacked photograph of endophallus d – g A. discoides, neotype (Aphodius bytinskisalzi, holotype, IS, Kuneitra) d, e, e ’ SEM images f, g stacked photographs h – n cleared preparations mounted on slides h A. p. plagiatus, GB, Norfolk i A. p. sinoplagiatus? “ China, Pekin ”, Fry collection i ’ teeth on neck of endophallus in the region marked with an arrow in i j, k A. plagiatus sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratypes j CH, Gangca k CH, Tsaidam l Aphodius jakutorum Balthasar, lectotype, RU, East Siberia m A. rodrigoi sp. nov., holotype, SP, Aranjuez, dissected aedeagus m ’ endophallus m ” endophallic teeth in area indicated by arrow in m ’ at higher magnification n A. discoides, TR, Karacadag n ’ teeth on neck of endophallus, in area indicated by arrow in n at higher magnification o A. discoides, black specimen from TR, Karakurt, o ’ teeth on neck of endophallus, in area indicated by arrow in o at higher magnification p, p ’ A. rusakovi p paratype, RU, Orenburg p ’ RU Volgograd obl. Fastov, paramere, lateral q – v SEM images and stacked photographs q, r A. rutilipennis, CY, with endophallus inflated q SEM image q ’ (bottom right of plate) dorsal surface of endophallus in area indicated by arrow in q at higher magnification, to show the hair-like setae r stacked photograph of the same specimen s, s ’ A. chellala sp. nov., paratype with endophallus extruded s stacked photograph s ’, s ”, s ” ’ SEMs of the same specimen s ”, s ” ’ at higher magnifications t, u L. chellala sp. nov., holotype with the endophallus extruded t stacked photograph u SEM image v – z photographs of cleared specimens mounted in DMHF on slides v, w A. rutilipennis v CY w TR w ’ teeth on neck of endophallus, in area indicated by arrow in w at higher magnification x A. chellala sp. nov., paratype, AG, Taguin (La Smala) x ’ teeth on neck of endophallus, in area indicated by arrow in x at higher magnification y, z A. kraatzi y KZ, Syr Darya z AF, Kabul z ’ teeth on neck of endophallus, in area indicated by arrow in z at higher magnification Scale bar 1: 1 mm (a, d, f – t, v – z); 0.4 mm (n ’, o ’, s ”, w ’, x ’, z ’); 0.17 mm (e ’, m ”, q’ s ” ’). Scale bar 2: 1 mm (b, c, e, g and s ”)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097490">22 y, z</figureCitation>
) ca 
<quantity id="769FC470A7946970C788291455FA4E7C" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
long, apical 1 / 3 of parameres slightly more expanded than in 
<taxonomicName id="27021A1BF1D5A8127521AA5FA4C008CF" authorityName="Baudi di Selve" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilipennis">
<emphasis id="15469EE3C8E1E0BED4BAEAD6A7C553F0" italics="true">A. rutilipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="0ECA7A546F4F443B2A8C92F2D594AF8B" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chellala" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="03083459BCD3238056D47C2A6B940A51" italics="true">A. chellala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4CF7E8EE2EACA9DD47BC5219B189B569" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, its outer margin more rounded. Endophallus with fine bristles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EC1HK" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="2663B71FBD34588A773730CB0AF949EA">
<heading id="F75C72B933997229D0B2FB7A99DB3739" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72EE77DF86CF91A5DA78F8F9E2BB8206">
<taxonomicName id="EBA2BEFD7C335C22FDB746F6E1EB7CF0" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kraatzi">
<emphasis id="5C0BE16F025C2543D9E7C0CAD59C0B4C" italics="true">Aphodius kraatzi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed in the drier regions of the western and central Palaearctic, from southern 
<collectingCountry id="7F69243BD230C50E0E7A7B0CDD4B60A0" name="Slovakia">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
to 
<collectingCountry id="097D454D10C2FDB2268CD04925CE6060" name="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C0EFE2A7989F93731F41098714E38857" name="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="406223483E435888E24B9FDE61D9E321" name="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
, and the Chita region of Transbaikal in 
<collectingCountry id="A0FEFAFD1A447DB1E89A21ED669F1E97" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="D8F031A9A2CC12B1DF65955E57C809A0" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. a distribution of niger - group taxa in Western and Central Europe b distribution of Liothorax species in Central and Eastern Palearctic c distribution of plagiatus - group species in Central and Eastern Palearctic. The record of isikdagensis with the question mark indicates a doubtful specimen from Artvin Çam, TR (Ziani Coll)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097509">29 b, c</figureCitation>
). Most specimens are taken at light but Andrey Frolov (
<collectingRegion id="B739C17F6DBC9D46B470371767A893A4" country="Russia" name="Saint Petersburg">St Petersburg</collectingRegion>
) mentions that it can sometimes be found at the roots of grass and other herbaceous plants, as in the area of the 
<collectingRegion id="46B2740450DC28A533C8176C9B21DE92" country="Russia" name="Astrakhan'">Astrakhan</collectingRegion>
oblast’ (
<collectingCountry id="F2E3362DD88B7E780F3ADBF11CAB0E3D" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
) shown in Fig. 
<figureCitation id="FCF6911D658B37B79A43A6F47FAB541A" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Habitat pictures a A. plagiatus, RU, Pavlosk Park b A. rodrigoi sp. nov., SP, Toledo, Quero c A. p. sinoplagiatus, CN, Tibet, Ganca d A. kraatzi, RU, Astrakhan oblast’ e A. alberti sp. nov., TU, Ovit Dağı (photograph Copyright Yunus Yasuv) f A. felix sp. nov., IT, Campo Felice." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097505">28 d</figureCitation>
. He adds that material flying to light often arrives from the direction away from neighbouring water (pers. comm. to RBA, 
<date id="D10B2D8DAE704FE05617A89999D38B62" value="2015-04">April 2015</date>
). In 1982 RBA took 
<specimenCount id="32A8F14B1BD00B7C60659EAF32651F17" count="1" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
in a water-filled ditch at Karasuk on the Kulundinskaya Steppe in Western Siberia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>