<documentid="044AEAE0D474D88C756C15B407DE935F"ID-CLB-Dataset="6144"ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.39.1.1"ID-GBIF-Dataset="836e6558-6d05-4ad0-8a82-d11b7c8f9b37"ID-ISSN="1179-3163"ID-Zenodo-Dep="4894684"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas"checkinTime="1622651092293"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Novis, Phil M. & Visnovsky, Gabriel"docDate="2012"docId="0391A5712107C66078ACFC984EA4FF50"docLanguage="en"docName="Phytotaxa.39.1-30.pdf.imf"docOrigin="Phytotaxa 39"docSource="http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.39.1.1"docStyle="DocumentStyle:13F189B31CB4CCCE9197361A4E100104.3:Phytotaxa.2011-2013.journal_article"docStyleId="13F189B31CB4CCCE9197361A4E100104"docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2011-2013.journal_article"docStyleVersion="3"docTitle="Cryptodesmus ellipsoideus Novis & Visnovsky 2012, gen. et sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="8"lastPageNumber="19"masterDocId="FFA8DD092116C672783AFC0F4F7FFFE2"masterDocTitle="Novel alpine algae from New Zealand: Chlorophyta"masterLastPageNumber="30"masterPageNumber="1"pageNumber="18"updateTime="1729780814208"updateUser="jonas"zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:namePartid="73339DB067C01BA5A1C8843BE60347F3">Novis, Phil M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="C74FE5D2A70E1B14DAE3AF1CF8135EA0">Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research, PO Box 40, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand; email: novisp @ landcareresearch. co. nz Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C386FE42107C66378ACFC984DBCFF53"authority="Novis & Visnovsky"authorityName="Novis & Visnovsky"authorityYear="2012"box="[150,707,151,177]"class="Chlorophyceae"family="Scenedesmaceae"genus="Cryptodesmus"kingdom="Plantae"order="Sphaeropleales"pageId="17"pageNumber="18"phylum="Chlorophyta"rank="species"species="ellipsoideus"status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<taxonomicNameLabelid="A27F750E2107C6637AF5FC984C01FF53"box="[719,894,151,177]"pageId="17"pageNumber="18"rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitationid="130308E22107C6637BB7FC984B71FF53"box="[909,1038,151,177]"captionStart="FIGURE 3"captionStartId="18.[151,244,1638,1659]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1613]"captionTargetId="figure-163@18.[151,1436,235,1613]"captionTargetPageId="18"captionText="FIGURE 3. Cryptodesmus ellipsoideus (photographed from culture LCR-CG7). A–D, light micrographs, E, F, transmission electron micrographs. A. Cells of varying age, size and shape in agarised culture. B. Cells often form autosporangia (arrows) of 2–4 autospores. C. More rarely, larger sporangia form (arrows), containing 8 or 16 autospores. D. Remnant mother cell walls (mc) are commonly observed in cultures. E. The chloroplast (cp) is parietal, containing starch (st) and a single prominent pyrenoid (pyr), which has a starch sheath with few segments (sp) and often a single thylakoid (tm) traversing the matrix. Small protrusions (pro) are visible on the external surface of the cell wall. F. The membranes surrounding dividing cells are layered and convoluted (arrows). Scales: 10 µm in A (use for A–D), 1 µm in E and F."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894690"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894690/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="18">Figs 3A–F</figureCitation>
latae, unicae vel in greges aggregatae. Paries cellularis in LM patefactus laevis, tenuisque. Chloroplastus cupulatus, parietalis, pyrenoide unica prominenti per membranas thylakoidium unicas vel plures transversa atque in vagina amylacea segmentata e partibus duabus vel pluribus composita includenti. Parietes cellulares in TEM praecipue in cellulis dividentibus plicis irregularibus convolutis instructi, imprimis in stratis exterioribus. Autosporis 2–4–8(–16) per sporangium, saepe arcte contiguis, regenerans; cellulae reliquae matricales saepe intra cellulas cultas visae.
<collectingDateid="EFC2CB4F2107C6637932FDFD4E93FDEE"box="[264,492,498,524]"pageId="17"pageNumber="18"value="2007-11-30">30 November 2007</collectingDate>
wide, single or in groups. Cell wall appearing smooth and thin in LM. Chloroplast cup-shaped, parietal, with single prominent pyrenoid traversed by one (–several) thylakoid membranes and encased in a segmented starch sheath of two (–several) parts (
<figureCitationid="130308E22107C6637D57FE694FC4FD45"captionStart="FIGURE 3"captionStartId="18.[151,244,1638,1659]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1613]"captionTargetId="figure-163@18.[151,1436,235,1613]"captionTargetPageId="18"captionText="FIGURE 3. Cryptodesmus ellipsoideus (photographed from culture LCR-CG7). A–D, light micrographs, E, F, transmission electron micrographs. A. Cells of varying age, size and shape in agarised culture. B. Cells often form autosporangia (arrows) of 2–4 autospores. C. More rarely, larger sporangia form (arrows), containing 8 or 16 autospores. D. Remnant mother cell walls (mc) are commonly observed in cultures. E. The chloroplast (cp) is parietal, containing starch (st) and a single prominent pyrenoid (pyr), which has a starch sheath with few segments (sp) and often a single thylakoid (tm) traversing the matrix. Small protrusions (pro) are visible on the external surface of the cell wall. F. The membranes surrounding dividing cells are layered and convoluted (arrows). Scales: 10 µm in A (use for A–D), 1 µm in E and F."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894690"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894690/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="18">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Cell walls appear layered in TEM, especially in dividing cells, with irregular convoluted folds, especially in outer layers (
<figureCitationid="130308E22107C663796CFEBB4ECCFD2C"box="[342,435,692,718]"captionStart="FIGURE 3"captionStartId="18.[151,244,1638,1659]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1613]"captionTargetId="figure-163@18.[151,1436,235,1613]"captionTargetPageId="18"captionText="FIGURE 3. Cryptodesmus ellipsoideus (photographed from culture LCR-CG7). A–D, light micrographs, E, F, transmission electron micrographs. A. Cells of varying age, size and shape in agarised culture. B. Cells often form autosporangia (arrows) of 2–4 autospores. C. More rarely, larger sporangia form (arrows), containing 8 or 16 autospores. D. Remnant mother cell walls (mc) are commonly observed in cultures. E. The chloroplast (cp) is parietal, containing starch (st) and a single prominent pyrenoid (pyr), which has a starch sheath with few segments (sp) and often a single thylakoid (tm) traversing the matrix. Small protrusions (pro) are visible on the external surface of the cell wall. F. The membranes surrounding dividing cells are layered and convoluted (arrows). Scales: 10 µm in A (use for A–D), 1 µm in E and F."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894690"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894690/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="18">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). Reproduction by autospores, 2–4–8(–16) per sporangium (
<figureCitationid="130308E22107C6637CAAFEBB4B91FD2C"box="[1168,1262,692,718]"captionStart="FIGURE 3"captionStartId="18.[151,244,1638,1659]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1613]"captionTargetId="figure-163@18.[151,1436,235,1613]"captionTargetPageId="18"captionText="FIGURE 3. Cryptodesmus ellipsoideus (photographed from culture LCR-CG7). A–D, light micrographs, E, F, transmission electron micrographs. A. Cells of varying age, size and shape in agarised culture. B. Cells often form autosporangia (arrows) of 2–4 autospores. C. More rarely, larger sporangia form (arrows), containing 8 or 16 autospores. D. Remnant mother cell walls (mc) are commonly observed in cultures. E. The chloroplast (cp) is parietal, containing starch (st) and a single prominent pyrenoid (pyr), which has a starch sheath with few segments (sp) and often a single thylakoid (tm) traversing the matrix. Small protrusions (pro) are visible on the external surface of the cell wall. F. The membranes surrounding dividing cells are layered and convoluted (arrows). Scales: 10 µm in A (use for A–D), 1 µm in E and F."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894690"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894690/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="18">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
), often tightly packed; remnant mother cell walls frequently seen among cultured cells (
<figureCitationid="130308E22107C6637BCAFED54B33FD16"box="[1008,1100,730,756]"captionStart="FIGURE 3"captionStartId="18.[151,244,1638,1659]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1613]"captionTargetId="figure-163@18.[151,1436,235,1613]"captionTargetPageId="18"captionText="FIGURE 3. Cryptodesmus ellipsoideus (photographed from culture LCR-CG7). A–D, light micrographs, E, F, transmission electron micrographs. A. Cells of varying age, size and shape in agarised culture. B. Cells often form autosporangia (arrows) of 2–4 autospores. C. More rarely, larger sporangia form (arrows), containing 8 or 16 autospores. D. Remnant mother cell walls (mc) are commonly observed in cultures. E. The chloroplast (cp) is parietal, containing starch (st) and a single prominent pyrenoid (pyr), which has a starch sheath with few segments (sp) and often a single thylakoid (tm) traversing the matrix. Small protrusions (pro) are visible on the external surface of the cell wall. F. The membranes surrounding dividing cells are layered and convoluted (arrows). Scales: 10 µm in A (use for A–D), 1 µm in E and F."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894690"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894690/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="18">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Very small protruberances are visible on the cell wall by TEM (
<figureCitationid="130308E22107C6637A63FF0E4DCFFCF9"box="[601,688,769,795]"captionStart="FIGURE 3"captionStartId="18.[151,244,1638,1659]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1613]"captionTargetId="figure-163@18.[151,1436,235,1613]"captionTargetPageId="18"captionText="FIGURE 3. Cryptodesmus ellipsoideus (photographed from culture LCR-CG7). A–D, light micrographs, E, F, transmission electron micrographs. A. Cells of varying age, size and shape in agarised culture. B. Cells often form autosporangia (arrows) of 2–4 autospores. C. More rarely, larger sporangia form (arrows), containing 8 or 16 autospores. D. Remnant mother cell walls (mc) are commonly observed in cultures. E. The chloroplast (cp) is parietal, containing starch (st) and a single prominent pyrenoid (pyr), which has a starch sheath with few segments (sp) and often a single thylakoid (tm) traversing the matrix. Small protrusions (pro) are visible on the external surface of the cell wall. F. The membranes surrounding dividing cells are layered and convoluted (arrows). Scales: 10 µm in A (use for A–D), 1 µm in E and F."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894690"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894690/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="18">Fig 3E</figureCitation>
). DNA sequence data for the 18S gene suggest that this new genus represents a sister lineage to the clade formed by the genera
<figureCitationid="130308E22107C6637BC4FF414B39FC8A"box="[1022,1094,846,872]"captionStart="FIGURE 7"captionStartId="25.[151,244,1940,1961]"captionTargetBox="[220,1378,203,1899]"captionTargetId="figure-65@25.[209,1378,197,1915]"captionTargetPageId="25"captionText="FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic analysis of the Chlorophyceae inferred from 18S rDNA sequences. Sequences contributed in this study are in bold. The tree typology is that inferred using MrBayes v3.0B4 (5 million generations). Numbers associated with nodes are Bayesian PP/MPB percentages (500 replicates). Scale bar represents 0.1 changes/site."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894700"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894700/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="18">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
L were not obtained; amplified bands were 1 Kb larger than the standard size for the fragment, indicating the presence of a large intron and impeding sequencing.
<taxonomicNameid="4C386FE42107C6637D28F8DE4EEFFAF0"authority="Neustupa et al. 2009"authorityName="Neustupa"authorityYear="2009"class="Trebouxiophyceae"family="Chlorellaceae"genus="Chlorella"higherTaxonomySource="IPNI"kingdom="Plantae"order="Chlorellales"pageId="17"pageNumber="18"phylum="Chlorophyta"rank="species"species="luteoviridis">
<bibRefCitationid="EFA969962107C66378ADF8F74EEFFAF0"author="Neustupa, J. & Nemkova, Y. & Elias, M. & Skaloud, P."box="[151,400,1272,1298]"pageId="17"pageNumber="18"pagination="159 - 169"refId="ref13069"refString="Neustupa, J., Nemkova, Y., Elias, M. & Skaloud, P. (2009) Kalinella bambusicola gen. et sp. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta), a novel coccoid Chlorella - like subaerial alga from Southeast Asia. Phycological Research 57: 159 - 169."type="journal article"year="2009">
<figureCitationid="130308E22107C6637CB0F99D4B98FA4E"box="[1162,1255,1426,1452]"captionStart="FIGURE 3"captionStartId="18.[151,244,1638,1659]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,235,1613]"captionTargetId="figure-163@18.[151,1436,235,1613]"captionTargetPageId="18"captionText="FIGURE 3. Cryptodesmus ellipsoideus (photographed from culture LCR-CG7). A–D, light micrographs, E, F, transmission electron micrographs. A. Cells of varying age, size and shape in agarised culture. B. Cells often form autosporangia (arrows) of 2–4 autospores. C. More rarely, larger sporangia form (arrows), containing 8 or 16 autospores. D. Remnant mother cell walls (mc) are commonly observed in cultures. E. The chloroplast (cp) is parietal, containing starch (st) and a single prominent pyrenoid (pyr), which has a starch sheath with few segments (sp) and often a single thylakoid (tm) traversing the matrix. Small protrusions (pro) are visible on the external surface of the cell wall. F. The membranes surrounding dividing cells are layered and convoluted (arrows). Scales: 10 µm in A (use for A–D), 1 µm in E and F."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894690"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894690/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="18">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). It is possible that these features share a common evolutionary origin. The dividing cells of
<taxonomicNameid="4C386FE42107C6637BBEFA084A1FF9C2"authority="Lewis & Flechtner 2004"authorityName="L. A. Lewis & Flechtner"authorityYear="2004"box="[900,1376,1542,1568]"class="Chlorophyceae"family="Scenedesmaceae"genus="Scenedesmus"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Plantae"order="Sphaeropleales"pageId="17"pageNumber="18"phylum="Chlorophyta"rank="species"species="rotundus">
<bibRefCitationid="EFA969962107C6637C1EFA094A1FF9C2"author="Lewis, L. A. & Flechtner, V. R."box="[1060,1376,1542,1568]"pageId="17"pageNumber="18"pagination="1127 - 1137"refId="ref12939"refString="Lewis, L. A. & Flechtner, V. R. (2004) Cryptic species of Scenedesmus (Chlorophyta) from desert soil communities of western North America. Journal of Phycology 40: 1127 - 1137."type="journal article"year="2004">Lewis & Flechtner 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicNameid="4C386FE42107C66378ADFA224DEAF9A5"authority="Elias et al. 2010"authorityName="Elias"authorityYear="2010"box="[151,661,1581,1607]"class="Chlorophyceae"family="Scenedesmaceae"genus="Hylodesmus"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Plantae"order="Sphaeropleales"pageId="17"pageNumber="18"phylum="Chlorophyta"rank="species"species="singaporensis">
<bibRefCitationid="EFA969962107C66379EDFA224DEAF9A5"author="Elias, M. & Nemcova, Y. & Skaloud, P. & Neustupa, J. & Kaufnerova, V. & Sejnohova, L."box="[471,661,1581,1607]"pageId="17"pageNumber="18"pagination="1224 - 1235"refId="ref12138"refString="Elias, M., Nemcova, Y., Skaloud, P., Neustupa, J., Kaufnerova, V. & Sejnohova, L. (2010) Hylodesmus singaporensis gen. et sp. nov., a new autosporic subaerial green alga (Scenedesmaceae, Chlorophyta) from Singapore. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60: 1224 - 1235."type="journal article"year="2010">
<figureCitationid="130308E22107C6637BBCFA224CB2F9A5"box="[902,973,1581,1607]"captionStart="FIGURE 7"captionStartId="25.[151,244,1940,1961]"captionTargetBox="[220,1378,203,1899]"captionTargetId="figure-65@25.[209,1378,197,1915]"captionTargetPageId="25"captionText="FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic analysis of the Chlorophyceae inferred from 18S rDNA sequences. Sequences contributed in this study are in bold. The tree typology is that inferred using MrBayes v3.0B4 (5 million generations). Numbers associated with nodes are Bayesian PP/MPB percentages (500 replicates). Scale bar represents 0.1 changes/site."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4894700"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4894700/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="18">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
)). Perhaps tellingly, these species with greatly reduced ornamentation are not found in fully aquatic habitats:
<taxonomicNameid="4C386FE42107C6637C25FA5B4BD0F98F"authorityName="L. A. Lewis & Flechtner"authorityYear="2004"box="[1055,1199,1620,1645]"class="Chlorophyceae"family="Scenedesmaceae"genus="Scenedesmus"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Plantae"order="Sphaeropleales"pageId="17"pageNumber="18"phylum="Chlorophyta"rank="species"species="rotundus">
from rotting wood. It is therefore possible that desiccation tolerance, and perhaps a reduced risk of predation, leads to the lack of the more spectacular ornamentations typical of
<bibRefCitationid="EFA969962107C6637D1FFB6D4FA3F841"author="Archibald, P. A."pageId="17"pageNumber="18"pagination="127 - 132"refId="ref11749"refString="Archibald, P. A. (1970) Pseudochlorococcum, a new Chlorococcalean genus. Journal of Phycology 6: 127 - 132."type="journal article"year="1970">Archibald 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but these lack the external irregularities. In coccoids with external irregularities, such as
<bibRefCitationid="EFA969962107C66379CFFBBF4D02F828"author="Silva, P. C."box="[501,637,1968,1994]"pageId="17"pageNumber="18"pagination="69 - 75"refId="ref13481"refString="Silva, P. C. (1996) Taxonomic and nomenclatural status of Trochiscia Kutzing and Trochiscia moniliformis Montagne. Cryptogamie, Algologie 17: 69 - 75."type="journal article"year="1996">Silva 1996</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFA969962107C6637B4DFBBF4B57F828"author="Vinatzer, G."box="[887,1064,1968,1994]"pageId="17"pageNumber="18"pagination="213 - 235"refId="ref13769"refString="Vinatzer, G. (1975) Neue Bodenalgen aus den Dolomiten. Plant Systematics and Evolution 123: 213 - 235."type="journal article"year="1975">Vinatzer 1975</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="EFA969962107C6637D09FBBF4FAAF812"author="Vinatzer, G."pageId="17"pageNumber="18"pagination="213 - 235"refId="ref13769"refString="Vinatzer, G. (1975) Neue Bodenalgen aus den Dolomiten. Plant Systematics and Evolution 123: 213 - 235."type="journal article"year="1975">Vinatzer 1975</bibRefCitation>
