<documentid="65B6916BFABB437815C3C086E5FA3383"ID-CLB-Dataset="33552"ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.657.11064"ID-GBIF-Dataset="ee2c62b5-4f80-4571-8283-aa251dc51054"ID-PMC="PMC5345368"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-657-29"ID-PubMed="28331407"ID-ZooBank="26EFA2AD8E7847BFB9D57F8A79672ECF"ModsDocAuthor=""ModsDocDate="2017"ModsDocID="1313-2970-657-29"ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 657"ModsDocTitle="Designation of a neotype and redescription of Hesionereticulata von Marenzeller, 1879 from Japan (Annelida, Hesionidae)"checkinTime="1487401269178"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Jimi, Naoto, Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. & Kajihara, Hiroshi"docDate="2017"docId="0EB7AD7CF5F58467AD3946601FE69D74"docLanguage="en"docName="ZooKeys 657: 29-41"docOrigin="ZooKeys 657"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.657.11064"docTitle="Hesione reticulata von Marenzeller 1879"docType="treatment"docVersion="7"lastPageNumber="36"masterDocId="FF86FFC9B37D884A453CFFCFD2773137"masterDocTitle="Designation of a neotype and redescription of Hesionereticulata von Marenzeller, 1879 from Japan (Annelida, Hesionidae)"masterLastPageNumber="41"masterPageNumber="29"pageNumber="31"updateTime="1732850769729"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="4502A2966C23FE13068ADDA29AFA3D08">Designation of a neotype and redescription of Hesionereticulata von Marenzeller, 1879 from Japan (Annelida, Hesionidae)</mods:title>
<bibRefCitationid="BEA96821DBB49B54097676F408BD9A2D"author="Izuka, A"journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science (Tokyo)"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="1 - 262"title="The errantiate Polychaeta of Japan."url="http://hdl.handle.net/2261/32884"volume="30"year="1912">Izuka 1912</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="91523EB518A353E3CA09C2E07C518C3C"author="Uchida, H"journalOrPublisher="Marine Pavilion, Kushimoto Marine Park"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="36 - 37"title="[Polychaetologica 55: Key to genus and description of species (40), Hesionidae 4]."volume="38"year="2009">Uchida 2009</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="536002239DFA7B7E0A0018CBF6FFCC08"author="Hessle, C"journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="1 - 36"title="Einiges ueber die Hesioniden und die Stellung der Gattung Ancistrosyllis."volume="17"year="1925">Hessle 1925</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="F715BA8BDBA11B939B408AE49A4B11B8"author="Fauvel, P"journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto Imperial University, Series B"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="41 - 92"title="Annelides polychetes du Japon."volume="12"year="1937">Fauvel 1937</bibRefCitation>
<paragraphid="3FB9F12E131B248F36A22592C497ABD7"pageId="2"pageNumber="31">Neotype (NSMT Pol N-620) complete. Body cylindrical, medially swollen (Fig. 1A), damaged, 43 mm long, 4 mm wide in chaetigers 8-9 (not including parapodia), 16 chaetigers (chaetae and parapodia of 2nd left, 8th right, and 9th right chaetigers removed for observation; dorsal cirri of 3rd and 7th chaetigers removed for DNA extraction).</paragraph>
Dorsal pigmentation pattern consisting of longitudinal, brownish, subcontinuous, irregular lines; no reddish brown longitudinal broken line on median line; single, irregularly-shaped spot (formed by absence of brown pigment, through which basement pale tan to wheat body color seen) on each chaetiger except 2nd, arranged mid-dorsally (larger anteriorly; reduced medially and posteriorly); and additional row of similar but smaller spots on lateral cushion on each side; silvery white spots absent. Cirrophores yellow; cirrostyles yellow to whitish; parapodial lobes whitish (Fig. 1
<paragraphid="A75479C76466286C83DFDEA3413DCFA8"pageId="2"pageNumber="31">Integument smooth, annulated, giving impression of being tuberculated, especially along posterior region; longitudinal ridges absent in lateral cushions.</paragraph>
<paragraphid="75659E816A0E67F298307CF414B14752"pageId="2"pageNumber="31">Prostomium heart-shaped, wider than long (Fig. 1B, E); anterior margin truncated; lateral margins rounded in anterior body, but expanded posteriorly; posterior margin cleft, as long as 1/6 prostomial length; longitudinal furrow shallow; dark transverse line present on prostomial anterior margin. Antennae digitate, twice longer than wide. Eyes blackish, on center of prostomium; anterior and posterior eyes in trapezoidal arrangement; anterior eyes slightly more separated than posterior eyes; anterior eyes ovoid (appearing longer than wide), posterior eyes rounded.</paragraph>
<paragraphid="0B861B8C846E9F1632481DBCA29FCACA"pageId="3"pageNumber="32">Parapodia with dorsal cirrophore twice longer than wide, articulated (Fig. 3A, E). Cirrostyle basally cylindrical, medially and distally articulated, as long as body width, including parapodia (Fig. 3A, F). Neuropodia with parallel sides, cylindrical (Fig. 3A). Acicular lobe double; upper tine twice larger than lower one, digitate (Fig. 3B); lower tine of 8th chaetiger of NSMT Pol N-620 and 9th chaetiger of NSMT Pol 113205 adhered or fused to upper tine and difficult to observe (Fig. 3C), it can be clearly confirmed on other four parapodia examined. One acicula present, blackish. Neurochaetae 19-28 per bundle, blade size decreasing ventrally (Fig. 3C); neurochaetal blades bidentate, 3-4 times longer than wide, subdistal tooth shorter and wider than distal one; guard reaching apical tooth (Fig. 3D). Ventral cirrophore three times wider than long; cirrostyle articulated, surpassing chaetal lobe tip.</paragraph>
segment with two cirri, three times as long as body width of previous chaetiger (chaetiger 16). Pygidium smooth, trapezoidal, as long as wide, cylindrical (Fig. 1D); anus with two anal cirri; anal cirri tapered.
<paragraphid="A680840BABCF38A82D5941B8BEE273B6"pageId="4"pageNumber="33">Venter without pigmentation, with longitudinal midventral depression.</paragraph>
<paragraphid="7F8EA915717825CBE859B5DBE5AEBAC4"pageId="4"pageNumber="33">Pharynx divided into three rings, with relative lengths 1.5:1.5:1; basal ring with similar pigmentation as anterior end (Fig. 1E); dorsal papilla pale, longer than wide (length: width 1.5:1).</paragraph>
<paragraphid="AB937AF0E2BC3BBAC12E2380B1A80126"pageId="4"pageNumber="33">Oocytes not visible.</paragraph>
<paragraphid="82B7F1D623518D7B8E00A300CF954B62"pageId="4"pageNumber="33">(observed in paraneotypes NSMT Pol 113205-113207). Pharynx and esophagus thick, muscular, yellowish, continuing into darker, shorter stomach; enteric caeca extending anteriorly along two or three chaetigers (Fig. 2B). Stomach contents included gastropod (Fig. 2C) and amphipod remains as prey items.</paragraph>
(NMST Pol N-620) E (NSMT Pol-113206). A Dorsal view B Anterior end, dorsal view C Medial part D Posterior end, dorsal view E anterior end, dorsal view. Scale bars: 3.2 mm (A); 1.1 mm (
(NSMT Pol-113205) A Anterior end, dorsal view, six months after fixation B Medial part, ventral view after longitudinal dissection (*: enteric caecum, Ph: pharynx, St: stomach) C Same, close up after dissecting stomach, with a gastropod prey (St W: stomach wall). Scale bars: 1.5 mm (A); 1.2 mm (B); 0.6 mm (C).
(NSMT Pol N-620). A Chaetiger 8, right parapodium, anterior view B Chaetiger 9, right parapodium, anterior view, close-up of acicular lobe C Chaetiger 8, right parapodium, anterior view, close-up of acicular lobe (arrow points to lower tine) and neurochaetal bundle D Same, tip of neurochaetae (inset: blade tip) E Same, close-up of dorsal cirrophore F Same, close-up of cirrostyle distal region. Scale bars: 0.78 mm (A); 0.15 mm (B); 0.17 mm (C), 25
von Marenzeller, 1879 has been unclear due to several reasons: there is no type material, some diagnostic features were not clarified in the original description, the species has been recorded from the Red Sea, and some authors have regarded it as a junior synonym of other species within the genus. Consequently, in order to comply with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (
(Art.75.3.1), and its diagnostic and differential features have been included in the description and illustrations (Arts 75.3.2, 75.3.2), and will be contrasted below. Our enquiries on the existence of type material of
von Marenzeller used to work and produced all of his publications, indicate that type material is absent (Art. 75.3.4), probably destroyed or never deposited. The original collector was Carl Koerbl (
<bibRefCitationid="3D53E30E963B132F9947848C75F8BB4B"author="Sato, M"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="369 - 372"title="Extirpation of Hedistejaponica (Izuka, 1908) (Nereididae, Polychaeta) in Central Japan, evidenced by a museum historical collection."url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.26.369"volume="26"year="2009">Sato and Sattmann 2009</bibRefCitation>
The neotype fits the original description and because it was recently collected, it even matches the general pigmentation pattern which is not long-lasting in ethanol. Further, as happens in some other species of
<bibRefCitationid="0C2E12A57BF785D3E7E74DF7864B77C7"author="Bergmann, W"journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer wissenschaftliche Zoologie"pageId="8"pageNumber="37"pagination="278 - 301"title="Untersuchungen ueber die Eibildung bei Anneliden und Cephalopoden."url="http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43239588"volume="73"year="1902">Bergmann 1902</bibRefCitation>
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), so that differences in pigmentation pattern among different specimens cannot be attributed to sex (Art. 75.3.5). Thus, the morphology of our material does not contradict
<bibRefCitationid="0D4072282EB72F821A617B3079A77B30"author="Izuka, A"journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science (Tokyo)"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="1 - 262"title="The errantiate Polychaeta of Japan."url="http://hdl.handle.net/2261/32884"volume="30"year="1912">Izuka (1912</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="90BF825C7F9C99214F07A1FFFA920861"author="Uchida, H"journalOrPublisher="Marine Pavilion, Kushimoto Marine Park"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="36 - 37"title="[Polychaetologica 55: Key to genus and description of species (40), Hesionidae 4]."volume="38"year="2009">Uchida (2009</bibRefCitation>
has been deposited in the National Science Museum, Tokyo, which holds the most important polychaete collection in Japan, and has a very important tradition in the scientific study of polychaetes from Japan and elsewhere (Art. 75.3.7).
Another taxonomic relevance of our study lies in the identification of the dorsal color pattern in the living state as a clear distinguishing feature between
<bibRefCitationid="88F27D4ACC539D1795E9CC17552C22BB"author="Uchida, H"journalOrPublisher="Marine Pavilion, Kushimoto Marine Park"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="36 - 37"title="[Polychaetologica 55: Key to genus and description of species (40), Hesionidae 4]."volume="38"year="2009">Uchida (2009)</bibRefCitation>
description of the holotype which had, over a reddish-brown background, irregular spots fused into wide bands along some anterior segments continuing to the end of the body.
<bibRefCitationid="977542AA33AFC547EF9B5E17284575F1"author="Ngamniyom, A"journalOrPublisher="Kasetsart Journal, Natural Sciences"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="719 - 728"title="Morphological and molecular evidence for a new record of Hesionecf. picta (Polychaeta: Hesionidae) from the Western coast of the Gulf of Thailand."url="http://www.thaiscience.info/journals/Article/TKJN/10961404.pdf"volume="48"year="2014">Ngamniyom et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="D77ED2A8D8777BA3C997F7011DCCAE05"author="Lee, Y"journalOrPublisher="Singapore Biodiversity Records"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="201 - 204"title="New records of two hesionid polychaetes from the Singapore Strait."url="https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/images/pdfs/sbr/2015/sbr2015-201-204.pdf"volume="2015"year="2015">Lee and Ong (2015)</bibRefCitation>
, because the latter two have dorsal, longitudinal, discontinuous dark bands with paler spots mid-dorsally and along dorsal surface of lateral cushions. Furthermore,
<bibRefCitationid="63DF82957800A05417D8F49E27E3466F"author="Uchida, H"journalOrPublisher="Marine Pavilion, Kushimoto Marine Park"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="36 - 37"title="[Polychaetologica 55: Key to genus and description of species (40), Hesionidae 4]."volume="38"year="2009">Uchida (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitationid="2452048C1BCB1D9A32BFB2224422270E"author="Hartman, O"journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Foundation Publications, Occasional Paper"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="1 - 628"title="Catalogue of the Polychaetous Annelids of the World."url="http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15799coll82/id/19573"volume="23"year="1959">Hartman (1959</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="F9D2762A770606E3A0CC05AC1243EA2A"author="Hessle, C"journalOrPublisher="Arkiv foer Zoologi"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="1 - 36"title="Einiges ueber die Hesioniden und die Stellung der Gattung Ancistrosyllis."volume="17"year="1925">Hessle (1925)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitationid="FEEA1349D6CEF55E5DC67840EF29278E"author="Monro, CCA"journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="311 - 323"title="Polychaeta of the ' Alert' Expedition. Families Hesionidae and Nereidae."url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1926.tb02172.x"volume="36"year="1926">Monro 1926</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 4) illustrated a parapodium excised from the middle part of the body in the holotype specimen, indicating that there was a single, thick, finger-shaped acicular lobe, unlike the doubled lobe that we observed in this study.
<bibRefCitationid="2DE24D40D85F50FD7323EE8997DA91D8"author="Izuka, A"journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science (Tokyo)"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="1 - 262"title="The errantiate Polychaeta of Japan."url="http://hdl.handle.net/2261/32884"volume="30"year="1912">Izuka (1912)</bibRefCitation>
also described the acicular lobe as a single lobe. In two of the six parapodia examined (left one on the 2nd, right one on the 8th, and right one on the 9th chaetigers from NSMT Pol N-620; right one on the 9th chaetiger from NSMT Pol 113205; and left ones on the 3rd and 9th chaetigers from NSMT Pol 113207), the lower tine adhered to the upper tine. It appeared as if it were a single parapodial lobe, but a careful observation showed that it actually represents a doubled lobe. The reason the acicular lobe was described as
in the previous studies may be that the lower tine in their material was deformed in preservation to lie below the upper tine, or to contact closely to the upper tine. The original illustration (
, fig. 4) clearly indicates that the acicular lobe was placed under the chaetal bundles on the glass slide. This must have made the acicular lobe difficult to be observed, which would also explain why the adjacent upper and lower tines were hardly detected. This feature further adds to the distinction between
<bibRefCitationid="88FA6394C2919ADF62B5EF343C996AC1"author="Imajima, M"journalOrPublisher="National Science Museum Monographs (Tokyo)"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="149 - 228"title="Polychaetous annelids of Suruga Bay, Central Japan."url="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/els/110004312462.pdf?id=ART0006480764&type=pdf&lang=en&host=cinii&order_no=&ppv_type=0&lang_sw=&no=1476474983&cp="volume="12"year="1997">Imajima (1997</bibRefCitation>
: 171) might not belong to the same species because he indicated that the acicular lobe was single ("a superior conical papilla"), and because unlike our specimens, his material was collected from 230-250 m depth in Suruga Bay. Other specimens recorded as
<bibRefCitationid="F4B942C19DEC4CC1E579B66E705A5556"author="Imajima, M"journalOrPublisher="National Science Museum Monographs"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="1 - 221"title="Polychaetous annelids from Sagami Bay and Sagami Sea collected by the Emperor Showa of Japan and deposited at the Showa Memorial Institute, National Science Museum, Tokyo, 2. Orders included within the Phyllodocida, Amphinomida, Spintherida and Eunicida."url="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110004708004/en"volume="23"year="2003">Imajima (2003</bibRefCitation>
: 132-134), collected in shallow water, were characterized as having acicular lobe single ("a superior conical papilla"), and are regarded as belonging to another species.
<bibRefCitationid="50356A9D3BE39874D6C1FB2F54E2A829"author="Izuka, A"journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science (Tokyo)"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="1 - 262"title="The errantiate Polychaeta of Japan."url="http://hdl.handle.net/2261/32884"volume="30"year="1912">Izuka 1912</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3496601366EBF6D18C853C51DBFD4250"author="Izuka, A"journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science (Tokyo)"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="1 - 262"title="The errantiate Polychaeta of Japan."url="http://hdl.handle.net/2261/32884"volume="30"year="1912">Izuka 1912</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="27A1CADAF76CDFE5074715F493B616A3"author="Uchida, H"journalOrPublisher="Marine Pavilion, Kushimoto Marine Park"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="36 - 37"title="[Polychaetologica 55: Key to genus and description of species (40), Hesionidae 4]."volume="38"year="2009">Uchida 2009</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="69FD1943435DCCC20A872599AD3C2699"author="Uchida, H"journalOrPublisher="Marine Pavilion, Kushimoto Marine Park"pageId="9"pageNumber="38"pagination="36 - 37"title="[Polychaetologica 55: Key to genus and description of species (40), Hesionidae 4]."volume="38"year="2009">Uchida 2009</bibRefCitation>
