treatments-xml/data/78/2E/87/782E87AD0D42FF8CFCBC74F68385A3FA.xml

<document id="45AF5B7ADFA0F4BF98CF2214188F68FF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13406145" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13406145" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1723062957633" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Valiukevičius, Juozas" docDate="2004" docId="782E87AD0D42FF8CFCBC74F68385A3FA" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.49.1.147-160.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37.1:ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Rohonilepis breviornatus Valiukevičius, 2004, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="158" masterDocId="8417FFD50D4AFF87FF9071468168A706" masterDocTitle="New Wenlock-Pridoli (Silurian) acanthodian fishes from Lithuania" masterLastPageNumber="160" masterPageNumber="147" pageNumber="155" updateTime="1724888823245" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="0C7AAD220DA0BB354205CBAE95B11B57">New Wenlock-Pridoli (Silurian) acanthodian fishes from Lithuania</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4EACA414EF6D54B5FBD482F25DE7B448">Valiukevičius, Juozas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="6BF84E5576CD7D5AC5288DF38833A9A7">2004</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="B89D65300D42FF8FFCBC74F68452A2CB" box="[812,1338,1456,1485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="155" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D42FF8FFCBC74F68452A2CB" blockId="8.[812,1338,1456,1518]" box="[812,1338,1456,1485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">
<heading id="AB7081D70D42FF8FFCBC74F68452A2CB" box="[812,1338,1456,1485]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="155" reason="9">
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D42FF8FFCBC74F68518A2CB" authorityName="Valiukevičius" authorityYear="2004" box="[812,1136,1456,1485]" class="Acanthodii" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Rohonilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacanthida" pageId="8" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breviornatus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D42FF8FFCBC74F68518A2CB" box="[812,1136,1456,1485]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">Rohonilepis breviornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D9C057D20D42FF8FFBE874F78452A2CB" box="[1144,1338,1457,1485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="155" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B89D65300D42FF8CFCBC749E8385A3FA" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="8" pageNumber="155" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D42FF8FFCBC749E8202A2E8" blockId="8.[812,1338,1456,1518]" box="[812,874,1496,1518]" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D42FF8FFCBC749E820EA2E8" box="[812,870,1496,1518]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[102,135,1701,1720]" captionTargetBox="[107,1482,225,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-122@10.[104,1483,225,1673]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 8. Rohonilepis breviornatus gen. et sp. nov. A–D. SEM micrographs of scales, crown views, anterior upwards. A. LIGG 25−A−2457. B. LIGG 25−A−2458. C. Holotype, LIGG 25−A−2459. D. LIGG 25−A−2461. E, F. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal sections. E1. Thin section LIGG 3726, general view. E2. Detail of the upper right crown part of the same scale. F. Thin section LIGG 3727. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Kurtuvėnai−162 borehole, depth 1103.0 m. Upper Silurian, Ludlow, Ventspils Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406189/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D42FF8FFCBC74B9847AA113" blockId="8.[812,1485,1535,1654]" box="[812,1298,1535,1557]" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">
<materialsCitation id="40EF3CE60D42FF8FFCBC74B9847AA113" box="[812,1298,1535,1557]" collectionCode="LIGG" pageId="8" pageNumber="155" specimenCode="LIGG 25" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D42FF8FFCBC74B982ECA113" box="[812,900,1535,1557]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">
<typeStatus id="2F3C88190D42FF8FFCBC74B982ECA113" box="[812,900,1535,1557]" pageId="8" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCode id="A0219EC00D42FF8FFC0174B9828DA113" box="[913,997,1535,1557]" collectionCode="LIGG" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">LIGG 25</specimenCode>
−A−2459, trunk scale (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D42FF8FFB2B74B9846FA113" box="[1211,1287,1535,1557]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[102,135,1701,1720]" captionTargetBox="[107,1482,225,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-122@10.[104,1483,225,1673]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 8. Rohonilepis breviornatus gen. et sp. nov. A–D. SEM micrographs of scales, crown views, anterior upwards. A. LIGG 25−A−2457. B. LIGG 25−A−2458. C. Holotype, LIGG 25−A−2459. D. LIGG 25−A−2461. E, F. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal sections. E1. Thin section LIGG 3726, general view. E2. Detail of the upper right crown part of the same scale. F. Thin section LIGG 3727. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Kurtuvėnai−162 borehole, depth 1103.0 m. Upper Silurian, Ludlow, Ventspils Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406189/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D42FF8FFCBC776484F6A131" blockId="8.[812,1485,1535,1654]" box="[812,1438,1569,1591]" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D42FF8FFCBC776482C1A131" box="[812,937,1569,1591]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">Type locality</emphasis>
: Kurtuvėnai−162 borehole, depth 
<quantity id="377F9B5E0D42FF8FFB7E776784F1A131" box="[1262,1433,1569,1591]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.10455" metricValueMax="1.1178" metricValueMin="1.0913" pageId="8" pageNumber="155" unit="m" value="1104.55" valueMax="1117.8" valueMin="1091.3">1091.3–1117.8 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D42FF8FFCBC770282A9A170" blockId="8.[812,1485,1535,1654]" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D42FF8FFCBC770282C4A15C" box="[812,940,1604,1626]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">Type horizon</emphasis>
: Ventspils and Minija formations, Ludlow and Pridoli, Upper Silurian.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D42FF8FFCBC77CE851DA1BF" blockId="8.[812,1485,1671,1721]" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D42FF8FFCBC77CE8201A19B" box="[812,873,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">Range</emphasis>
:UpperSilurian,Ludlow,PagėgiaiRegionalStage,toPridoli,the lower part of Jūra Regional Stage.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D42FF8FFCBC778D82CDA1FA" blockId="8.[812,1486,1738,1788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D42FF8FFCBC778D8280A1E6" box="[812,1000,1738,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">Derivation of name</emphasis>
: From Latin 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D42FF8FFBF8778C85CAA1E6" box="[1128,1186,1738,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">brevis</emphasis>
, short, and 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D42FF8FFA84778D8435A1E6" box="[1300,1373,1739,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">ornatus</emphasis>
decorated, ornamented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D42FF8FFCBC764A85BFA023" blockId="8.[812,1485,1804,2026]" box="[812,1239,1804,1829]" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D42FF8FFCBC764A82E4A023" box="[812,908,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">Material</emphasis>
. Total more than 2100 scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D42FF8EFCBC76738089A060" blockId="8.[812,1485,1804,2026]" lastBlockId="9.[102,775,1838,2026]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D42FF8FFCBC767382F3A04A" box="[812,923,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.— 
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D42FF8FFC2E76728529A04B" authorityName="Valiukevicius" authorityYear="2004" box="[958,1089,1844,1869]" class="Acanthodii" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Rohonilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacanthida" pageId="8" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D42FF8FFC2E76728529A04B" box="[958,1089,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="155">Rohonilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with tiny scales sculptured by 6 to 10 short, sharp, symmetrical sub−parallel anterior ridges turning anteriorly toward the neck−base junction. The two longest posteriorly pointing ridges can form an elevated medial area separating narrow, lowered lateral folds. Crown dentine contains medium−branched linear ascending and simple widened radial vascular canals over the flat−pyramidal base, that is composed of dense acellular bone.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A4F866330D43FF8EFFF6773282BDA1F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406183" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13406183" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406183/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="156" startId="9.[102,135,1652,1671]" targetBox="[104,1482,229,1625]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D43FF8EFFF6773282BDA1F1" blockId="9.[102,1486,1652,1784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">
Fig. 7. 
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D43FF8EFF34773280FFA181" authorityName="Valiukevičius" authorityYear="2004" box="[164,407,1652,1671]" class="Acanthodii" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Bracteatacanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacanthiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="assiduus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D43FF8EFF34773280FFA181" box="[164,407,1652,1671]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">Bracteatacanthus assiduus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D9C057D20D43FF8EFE0C7733834CA18E" box="[412,548,1653,1672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="156" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D43FF8EFDB77732833AA18E" bold="true" box="[551,594,1652,1672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">A–E</emphasis>
. SEM micrographs of trunk scales; crown views, anterior upwards, except for 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D43FF8EFA8277338449A18E" bold="true" box="[1298,1313,1653,1672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">B</emphasis>
, lateral view, anterior to the left. 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D43FF8EFF7977D68191A1A5" bold="true" box="[233,249,1680,1699]" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">A</emphasis>
. LIGG 25−A−2450. 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D43FF8EFE3C77D780D3A1A2" bold="true" box="[428,443,1681,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">B</emphasis>
. LIGG 25−A−2451. 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D43FF8EFDFD77D68315A1A5" bold="true" box="[621,637,1680,1699]" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">C</emphasis>
. LIGG 25−A−2452. 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D43FF8EFCA077D78228A1A2" bold="true" box="[816,832,1681,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">D</emphasis>
. Holotype, LIGG 25−A−2453. 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D43FF8EFBC177D78508A1A2" bold="true" box="[1105,1120,1681,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">E</emphasis>
. LIGG 25−A−2454. 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D43FF8EFA8377D78449A1A2" bold="true" box="[1299,1313,1681,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">F</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D43FF8EFABB77D68455A1A5" bold="true" box="[1323,1341,1680,1699]" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">G</emphasis>
. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal sections. F 
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D43FF8EFE7777F38087A1C5" attach="left" box="[487,495,1717,1731]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">1</subScript>
. Thin section LIGG 3705, general view. F 
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D43FF8EFCF977F38219A1C5" attach="left" box="[873,881,1717,1731]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">2</subScript>
. Detail of the left part of crown and base apex of the same scale. G 
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D43FF8EFA2F77F384AFA1C5" attach="left" box="[1471,1479,1717,1731]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">1</subScript>
. Thin section LIGG 3708. G 
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D43FF8EFECC7797800CA1D9" attach="left" box="[348,356,1745,1759]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">2</subScript>
. Detail of the left part of crown and base apex of the same scale. G 
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D43FF8EFC24779782D4A1D9" attach="left" box="[948,956,1745,1759]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">3</subScript>
. The same scale, detail of the right part. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Nida−44 borehole, depth 1213.0 m. Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D43FF8DFFF6763285F0A08E" blockId="9.[102,775,1838,2026]" lastBlockId="10.[812,1485,1841,2026]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D43FF8EFFF676328180A08D" box="[102,232,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">Description</emphasis>
.—Tiny scales with crowns that only rarely reach 
<quantity id="377F9B5E0D43FF8EFFF676D481D0A0AC" box="[102,184,1938,1963]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
in length and scale width varies from 
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. The crown plate is horizontal, with up to one−third of the posterior unsculptured part overhanging the base. A quarter to one−third of the crown length has 6 to 10 short, sharp anterior ridges with a symmetrical profile, which fade posteriorly. Crown ridges may be straight (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D43FF8EFB10762985BFA08E" box="[1152,1239,1903,1928]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[102,135,1701,1720]" captionTargetBox="[107,1482,225,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-122@10.[104,1483,225,1673]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 8. Rohonilepis breviornatus gen. et sp. nov. A–D. SEM micrographs of scales, crown views, anterior upwards. A. LIGG 25−A−2457. B. LIGG 25−A−2458. C. Holotype, LIGG 25−A−2459. D. LIGG 25−A−2461. E, F. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal sections. E1. Thin section LIGG 3726, general view. E2. Detail of the upper right crown part of the same scale. F. Thin section LIGG 3727. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Kurtuvėnai−162 borehole, depth 1103.0 m. Upper Silurian, Ludlow, Ventspils Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406189/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
) or slightly curved towards mid−scale (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D43FF8EFC6376D68506A0AE" box="[1011,1134,1936,1961]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[102,135,1701,1720]" captionTargetBox="[107,1482,225,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-122@10.[104,1483,225,1673]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 8. Rohonilepis breviornatus gen. et sp. nov. A–D. SEM micrographs of scales, crown views, anterior upwards. A. LIGG 25−A−2457. B. LIGG 25−A−2458. C. Holotype, LIGG 25−A−2459. D. LIGG 25−A−2461. E, F. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal sections. E1. Thin section LIGG 3726, general view. E2. Detail of the upper right crown part of the same scale. F. Thin section LIGG 3727. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Kurtuvėnai−162 borehole, depth 1103.0 m. Upper Silurian, Ludlow, Ventspils Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406189/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="156">Fig. 8B, C</figureCitation>
). The holotype−like specimens, with sub−parallel ridges are more abundant in samples studied, however, scales with almost parallel ridges also are known. Ridges are characteristically downwardly sloped anteriorly, sometimes reaching the base of the neck. Grooves between ridges are moderately deep and wide. Some scales have narrow lowered lateral ledges (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D40FF8DFE0176D7836EA0AC" box="[401,518,1937,1962]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[102,135,1701,1720]" captionTargetBox="[107,1482,225,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-122@10.[104,1483,225,1673]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 8. Rohonilepis breviornatus gen. et sp. nov. A–D. SEM micrographs of scales, crown views, anterior upwards. A. LIGG 25−A−2457. B. LIGG 25−A−2458. C. Holotype, LIGG 25−A−2459. D. LIGG 25−A−2461. E, F. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal sections. E1. Thin section LIGG 3726, general view. E2. Detail of the upper right crown part of the same scale. F. Thin section LIGG 3727. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Kurtuvėnai−162 borehole, depth 1103.0 m. Upper Silurian, Ludlow, Ventspils Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406189/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="157">Fig. 8A, C</figureCitation>
), separated from the remainder of the crown by the two longest, posteriorly pointing ridges. Moderately high to low neck usually has linear rows of pores. The scale base slightly protrudes beyond the crown antero−laterally, but may be also displaced far in advance of the anterior margin of the crown.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F03836BB0D40FF8DFFF677E383CAA00A" blockId="10.[102,1486,1701,1805]" pageId="10" pageNumber="157">
Fig. 8. 
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D40FF8DFF3B77E380FBA1BE" authorityName="Valiukevičius" authorityYear="2004" box="[171,403,1701,1720]" class="Acanthodii" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Rohonilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacanthida" pageId="10" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breviornatus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D40FF8DFF3B77E380FBA1BE" box="[171,403,1701,1720]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="157">Rohonilepis breviornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D9C057D20D40FF8DFE0B77E08345A1BF" box="[411,557,1702,1721]" pageId="10" pageNumber="157" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D40FF8DFDA577E38308A1BE" bold="true" box="[565,608,1701,1721]" pageId="10" pageNumber="157">A–D</emphasis>
. SEM micrographs of scales, crown views, anterior upwards. 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D40FF8DFB3B77E385D3A1BE" bold="true" box="[1195,1211,1701,1720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="157">A</emphasis>
. LIGG 25−A−2457. 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D40FF8DFAE977E384E0A1BE" bold="true" box="[1401,1416,1701,1720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="157">B</emphasis>
. LIGG 25−A−2458. 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D40FF8DFF457787818DA1D2" bold="true" box="[213,229,1729,1748]" pageId="10" pageNumber="157">C</emphasis>
. Holotype, LIGG 25−A−2459. 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D40FF8DFE6B77878363A1D2" bold="true" box="[507,523,1729,1748]" pageId="10" pageNumber="157">D</emphasis>
. LIGG 25−A−2461. 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D40FF8DFD52778783B9A1D2" bold="true" box="[706,721,1729,1748]" pageId="10" pageNumber="157">E</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D40FF8DFD4D77878383A1D2" bold="true" box="[733,747,1729,1748]" pageId="10" pageNumber="157">F</emphasis>
. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal sections. E 
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D40FF8DFA9D778C847DA1DE" attach="left" box="[1293,1301,1738,1752]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="157">1</subScript>
. Thin section LIGG 3726, general view. E 
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D40FF8DFEBC77A0805CA1F2" attach="left" box="[300,308,1766,1780]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="157">2</subScript>
. Detail of the upper right crown part of the same scale. 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D40FF8DFCBD779B8253A1F6" bold="true" box="[813,827,1757,1776]" pageId="10" pageNumber="157">F</emphasis>
. Thin section LIGG 3727. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Kurtuvėnai−162 borehole, depth 1103.0 m. Upper Silurian, Ludlow, Ventspils Formation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D40FF8CFCC276D480DCA51C" blockId="10.[812,1485,1841,2026]" lastBlockId="11.[102,775,231,1277]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="10" pageNumber="157">
Histologic microstructure has not been sufficiently studied yet because of the preservation of the scales, but they are certainly of the 
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D40FF8DFC2B76978553A0EC" authorityName="Baly" authorityYear="1864" box="[955,1083,2001,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Acanthodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D40FF8DFC2B76978553A0EC" box="[955,1083,2001,2026]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="157">Acanthodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
− 
<typeStatus id="2F3C88190D40FF8DFBD97694851FA0EC" box="[1097,1143,2002,2026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="157">type</typeStatus>
. At least, 6 growth lamellae in crowns composed of dentine can be counted (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D41FF8CFDFA71A183D7A606" box="[618,703,231,256]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[102,135,1701,1720]" captionTargetBox="[107,1482,225,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-122@10.[104,1483,225,1673]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 8. Rohonilepis breviornatus gen. et sp. nov. A–D. SEM micrographs of scales, crown views, anterior upwards. A. LIGG 25−A−2457. B. LIGG 25−A−2458. C. Holotype, LIGG 25−A−2459. D. LIGG 25−A−2461. E, F. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal sections. E1. Thin section LIGG 3726, general view. E2. Detail of the upper right crown part of the same scale. F. Thin section LIGG 3727. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Kurtuvėnai−162 borehole, depth 1103.0 m. Upper Silurian, Ludlow, Ventspils Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406189/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
), with the oldest lamella unusually large. The vascular system is poorly defined due to re−mineralization of tissues and only short segments (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D41FF8CFE8B70038006A658" box="[283,366,325,350]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[102,135,1701,1720]" captionTargetBox="[107,1482,225,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-122@10.[104,1483,225,1673]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 8. Rohonilepis breviornatus gen. et sp. nov. A–D. SEM micrographs of scales, crown views, anterior upwards. A. LIGG 25−A−2457. B. LIGG 25−A−2458. C. Holotype, LIGG 25−A−2459. D. LIGG 25−A−2461. E, F. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal sections. E1. Thin section LIGG 3726, general view. E2. Detail of the upper right crown part of the same scale. F. Thin section LIGG 3727. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Kurtuvėnai−162 borehole, depth 1103.0 m. Upper Silurian, Ludlow, Ventspils Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406189/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D41FF8CFEFE7014801FA665" box="[366,375,338,355]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1919,1938]" captionTargetBox="[110,1473,1208,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-398@1.[105,1482,1203,1891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (A), LIGG 25−A−2416 (B), LIGG 25−A−2417 (C), LIGG 25−A−2418 (D), LIGG 25−A−2420 (E), LIGG 25−A−2422 (F), LIGG 25−A−2421 (G), LIGG 25−A−2414(H). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406158/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D41FF8CFEFE7014801FA665" attach="left" box="[366,375,338,355]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
, F) of ascending and other vascular canals are visible. Ascending canals are moderately branched and mostly linear along growth lamellae. Radial vascular canals are simple and located just over the basal surface (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D41FF8CFD2070E28269A6BA" box="[688,769,420,445]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[102,135,1701,1720]" captionTargetBox="[107,1482,225,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-122@10.[104,1483,225,1673]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 8. Rohonilepis breviornatus gen. et sp. nov. A–D. SEM micrographs of scales, crown views, anterior upwards. A. LIGG 25−A−2457. B. LIGG 25−A−2458. C. Holotype, LIGG 25−A−2459. D. LIGG 25−A−2461. E, F. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal sections. E1. Thin section LIGG 3726, general view. E2. Detail of the upper right crown part of the same scale. F. Thin section LIGG 3727. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Kurtuvėnai−162 borehole, depth 1103.0 m. Upper Silurian, Ludlow, Ventspils Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406189/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
, right side). Durodentine has not been definitely recognized, but may be present. Acellular basal bone is dense and forms a flat−pyramid below the crown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D41FF8CFFF6736D8096A49D" blockId="11.[102,775,231,1277]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D41FF8CFFF6736D81B6A544" box="[102,222,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Discussion</emphasis>
.— 
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D41FF8CFE91736F8371A544" authorityName="Valiukevičius" authorityYear="2004" box="[257,537,553,578]" class="Acanthodii" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Rohonilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacanthida" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breviornatus">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D41FF8CFE91736F8371A544" box="[257,537,553,578]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Rohonilepis breviornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is comparable to the above described 
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D41FF8CFE8E730F832EA564" authorityName="Valiukevičius" authorityYear="2004" box="[286,582,585,610]" class="Acanthodii" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Bracteatacanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacanthiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="assiduus">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D41FF8CFE8E730F832EA564" box="[286,582,585,610]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Bracteatacanthus assiduus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as histologically they both have many characters in common. The latter is distinguished by the peculiar arrangement and position of radial vascular canals in the dentine of the crown, that is definitely not present in 
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D41FF8CFE92738E80DCA5D9" box="[258,436,710,735]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D41FF8CFE92738E80D8A5D9" authorityName="Valiukevičius" authorityYear="2004" box="[258,432,710,735]" class="Acanthodii" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Rohonilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacanthida" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breviornatus">R. breviornatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Morphological differences are more substantial: asymmetrically sloped (in profile) rounded ridges do not extend baseward in 
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D41FF8CFE40724383FAA418" authorityName="Valiukevicius" authorityYear="2004" box="[464,658,773,798]" class="Acanthodii" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Bracteatacanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacanthiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D41FF8CFE40724383FAA418" box="[464,658,773,798]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Bracteatacanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
scales and sharper, symmetric, frequently centrally curved ridges sometimes reach the neck base in 
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D41FF8CFE227202835DA45B" authorityName="Valiukevicius" authorityYear="2004" box="[434,565,836,861]" class="Acanthodii" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Rohonilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacanthida" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D41FF8CFE227202835DA45B" box="[434,565,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Rohonilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The lateral lower step−like margins of 
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D41FF8CFED87223809BA47A" authorityName="Valiukevičius" authorityYear="2004" box="[328,499,867,892]" class="Acanthodii" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Rohonilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacanthida" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breviornatus">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D41FF8CFED87223809BA47A" box="[328,499,867,892]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">R. breviornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
scales have not been observed on those of 
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D41FF8CFEA572C5809FA49A" authorityName="Valiukevicius" authorityYear="2004" box="[309,503,899,924]" class="Acanthodii" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Bracteatacanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacanthiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D41FF8CFEA572C5809FA49A" box="[309,503,899,924]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Bracteatacanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D41FF8CFF1B72E48317A371" blockId="11.[102,775,231,1277]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">
The sculpture of some scales of 
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D41FF8CFE7872E583FAA4BD" authorityName="Valiukevičius" authorityYear="2004" box="[488,658,930,955]" class="Acanthodii" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Rohonilepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacanthida" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breviornatus">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D41FF8CFE7872E583FAA4BD" box="[488,658,930,955]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">R. breviornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles several specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D41FF8CFEDC72848083A4DD" authorityName="Gross" authorityYear="1971" box="[332,491,962,987]" class="Acanthodii" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Gomphonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D41FF8CFEDC72848083A4DD" box="[332,491,962,987]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Gomphonchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Hviždalka locality, 
<collectingCountry id="8890762B0D41FF8CFF0372A7802CA4FC" box="[147,324,993,1018]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="94164B4A0D41FF8CFEC672A480B7A4FC" author="Marss, T." box="[342,479,994,1018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" pagination="17 - 41" refId="ref9224" refString="Marss, T. 1997. Vertebrates of the Pridoli and Silurian - Devonian boundary beds in Europe. Modern Geology 21: 17 - 41." type="journal article" year="1997">Märss 1997</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 7: 3, 10). 
<bibRefCitation id="94164B4A0D41FF8CFD1572A481C7A31F" author="Vergoossen, J. M. J." pageId="11" pageNumber="158" pagination="93 - 158" refId="ref9479" refString="Vergoossen, J. M. J. 2002. Late Silurian fish microfossils from Ramsasa (sites D and &quot; south of church &quot;), Skane, south Sweden. Scripta Geologica 123: 93 - 158." type="journal article" year="2002">Vergoossen (2002)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D41FF8CFE597546832BA31F" box="[457,579,1024,1049]" class="Acanthodii" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Acanthodii</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. indet. that are similar but not as well preserved as the material figured here, but suggest, that some comparable varieties of scales might also be present in southern 
<collectingCountry id="8890762B0D41FF8CFDB075188313A371" box="[544,635,1118,1143]" name="Sweden" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Sweden</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D41FF8CFFF675C18385A3FA" blockId="11.[102,775,231,1277]" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D41FF8CFFF675C1818DA398" box="[102,229,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="158">Occurrence</emphasis>
.—Kurtuvėnai−162borehole,depth 
<quantity id="377F9B5E0D41FF8CFDF175C08116A3B8" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1144" metricValueMax="1.1375" metricValueMin="1.0913" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="1114.4" valueMax="1137.5" valueMin="1091.3">1091.3–1137.5 m</quantity>
; Sutkai−87: 
<quantity id="377F9B5E0D41FF8CFE9A75E080DDA3B8" box="[266,437,1190,1215]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1825" metricValueMax="6.236" metricValueMin="6.129" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="618.25" valueMax="623.6" valueMin="612.9">612.9–623.6 m</quantity>
; Gėluva−99: 
<quantity id="377F9B5E0D41FF8CFDDB75E0826AA3B8" box="[587,770,1190,1215]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.697" metricValueMax="6.853" metricValueMin="6.5409999999999995" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="669.7" valueMax="685.3" valueMin="654.1">654.1– 685.3 m</quantity>
; Stoniškiai−1: 1224.0– 
<quantity id="377F9B5E0D41FF8CFEDD758080DCA3DB" box="[333,436,1222,1246]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3089" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="1308.9">1308.9 m</quantity>
; Šešuvis−11: 1047.0– 
<quantity id="377F9B5E0D41FF8CFD0B7583826AA3DB" box="[667,770,1221,1246]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0495" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="1049.5">1049.5 m</quantity>
; Ledai−179: 
<quantity id="377F9B5E0D41FF8CFF7275A280EFA3FA" box="[226,391,1252,1277]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.349000000000001" metricValueMax="5.441000000000001" metricValueMin="5.257000000000001" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="534.9" valueMax="544.1" valueMin="525.7">525.7–544.1 m</quantity>
; Liepkalnis−137: 
<quantity id="377F9B5E0D41FF8CFDD375A38381A3FA" box="[579,745,1253,1277]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0465" metricValueMax="9.092" metricValueMin="9.001" pageId="11" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="904.65" valueMax="909.2" valueMin="900.1">900.1–909.2 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>