treatments-xml/data/B7/85/AC/B785AC26C8EA000A486AF2F31FC799D2.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" ID-PMC="PMC6033956" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-102-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" ID-PubMed="30002597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1306325" ModsDocID="1314-2003-102-1" checkinTime="1530324112772" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="DeFilipps, Robert A. &amp; Krupnick, Gary A." docDate="2018" docId="B785AC26C8EA000A486AF2F31FC799D2" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 102: 1-341" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 102" docPubDate="2018-06-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" docTitle="Ficus religiosa L." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" lastPageNumber="124" masterDocId="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" masterDocTitle="The medicinal plants of Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="341" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1668138950833" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The medicinal plants of Myanmar</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>DeFilipps, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Deceased</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Krupnick, Gary A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-4826</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC- 166, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">krupnick@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2018-06-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>102</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>341</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="150768612" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B785AC26C8EA000A486AF2F31FC799D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B785AC26C8EA000A486AF2F31FC799D2" lastPageId="123" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
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<paragraph pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicName LSID="B785AC26-C8EA-000A-486A-F2F31FC799D2" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ficus religiosa" order="Rosales" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="religiosa">Ficus religiosa L.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="names">
<paragraph pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Myanmar</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">nyaung bokdahae</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">bodhi nyaung</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">lagat</emphasis>
(Kachin), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">mai-nyawng</emphasis>
(Shan), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">nyaung-bawdi</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">English</emphasis>
: bo tree, sacred fig tree.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="range">
<paragraph pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Range.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Tropical Asia. Grows naturally throughout Myanmar; also cultivated there.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="123" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="uses">
<paragraph pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="123" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Whole plant</emphasis>
: Bitter and astringent in taste with cooling properties, drying, and difficult to digest; the bark, roots, fruits, leaves, and sap are known for bringing out brilliance in complexion, cleansing the uterus, and controlling bile and phlegm as well as alleviating heat-induced illnesses, sores, asthma, leprosy, plague, and fistulas. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Sap</emphasis>
: Used to treat female-related disorders. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Bark</emphasis>
: Considered binding, promotes weight gain. A decoction of bark- reduced to one-half the starting volume is taken for many skin problems, rashes, and itching; also used as a mouthwash to cure tooth diseases. Dried and powdered inner bark is applied to fistulae to stimulate healing and new tissue formation. Ash from the bark is sprinkled onto genital sores caused by venereal diseases to promote drying and healing; ash from young bark filtered through fine cloth is rubbed on chronic sores to expedite healing. Bark is also used in medicines to treat burns, breast problems, lock-jaw, and snakebites in animals. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Sap</emphasis>
: Used to alleviate toothaches and gum pain. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Sap</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Leaf</emphasis>
: An anti-emetic. Used to cleanse the blood; also used in preparations to treat boils in the groin, hemorrhaging, and cracked tongues and lips. A decoction of the leaves with jaggery is taken for fatigue to promote strength and well-being. A mixture of the juice from the crushed leaves and the sap is applied topically to treat cracks in the feet. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Fruit</emphasis>
: The ripe fruit, which has cooling properties, is considered beneficial for the heart. It is used to treat blood diseases, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“heat”">&quot;heat&quot;</normalizedToken>
or bile conditions, nausea, lung infections, and loss of appetite. A mixture of the crushed dried fruit and water is taken for asthma and bronchitis. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Root</emphasis>
: The root bark is stewed in water, reduced to one-half the start 
<pageBreakToken pageId="123" pageNumber="124" start="start">ing</pageBreakToken>
volume, and given for herpes infections. The roots are ground to form a paste applied topically as a remedy for leprosy and other sores. A root decoction with rock salt is taken to alleviate asthma and congestion. A mixture of the root powder and ginger powder is given for diseases involving gas, asthma, coughing, nausea; also to treat elephantiasis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="123" pageNumber="124" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
The medicinal uses of this species in India are discussed in 
<bibRefCitation author="Jain, SK" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B50" refString="Jain, SK, DeFilipps, RA, 1991. Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." year="1991">Jain and DeFilipps (1991)</bibRefCitation>
. Medicinal uses of this species in China are discussed in 
<bibRefCitation author="Duke, JA" journalOrPublisher="Lipid / Fett" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B34" refString="Duke, JA, Ayensu, ES, 1985. Medicinal Plants of China. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc., Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of China. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc., Algonac." year="1985">Duke and Ayensu (1985)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="123" pageNumber="124" type="references">
<paragraph pageId="123" pageNumber="124">References.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
<bibRefCitation author="Nordal, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B85" refString="Nordal, A, 1963. The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom &amp; Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." title="The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom &amp; Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." year="1963">Nordal (1963)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Agricultural Corporation" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="B3" refString="Agricultural Corporation, 1980. Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" title="Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" year="1980">Agricultural Corporation (1980)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>