treatments-xml/data/3C/FE/E7/3CFEE7D1C9ED8D6478D436318B31D1F2.xml

<document ENCODING="UTF8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6172607" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9998aa6b-9348-45f8-82a1-55a07ac10bad" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100105395" ID-HNS-Pub="26064" ID-ISSN="175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6172607" ModsDocAuthor="Hita Garcia, F. &amp; B. L. Fisher" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="26064" ModsDocOrigin="http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2012/f/zt03592p085.pdf" ModsDocTitle="The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region - taxonomic revision of the T. kelleri and T. tortuosum species groups." checkinTime="1373743554799" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Hita Garcia, F. &amp; B. L. Fisher" docDate="2012" docId="3CFEE7D1C9ED8D6478D436318B31D1F2" docLanguage="en" docName="26064.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3592" docSource="http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2012/f/zt03592p085.pdf" docTitle="Tetramorium tortuosum" docType="key" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FFBCFFC2FFB3FFACFE12FFF966101E6A" masterDocTitle="The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region - taxonomic revision of the T. kelleri and T. tortuosum species groups." masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1645306871304" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region - taxonomic revision of the T. kelleri and T. tortuosum species groups.</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hita Garcia, F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>B. L. Fisher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number>3592</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6172607" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100105395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6172607" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3CFEE7D1C9ED8D6478D436318B31D1F2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3CFEE7D1C9ED8D6478D436318B31D1F2" lastPageNumber="20" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection type="nomenclature">
<paragraph box="[118,481,118,138]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="mainText">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortuosum">
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">Tetramorium</pageBreakToken>
tortuosum
</taxonomicName>
species group
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="diagnosis">
<paragraph box="[118,208,173,192]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="mainText">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1121,202,502]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="mainText">Eleven-segmented antennae; anterior clypeal margin medially impressed; frontal carinae well-developed and usually running to posterior head margin; anterior face of mesosoma weakly developed; margination between lateral and dorsal mesosoma generally well-developed; propodeal spines always long to extremely long, spinose, and acute (PSLI 28-72); propodeal lobes usually well-developed, triangular to elongate-triangular, generally short and acute, rarely strongly reduced to almost absent; petiolar node rectangular nodiform, anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins usually well-defined, anterior and posterior faces often parallel, node longer than wide in most species, broader than long in few species; postpetiole usually globular to subglobular; mandibles strongly sculptured in most species; head and mesosoma with distinct and predominantly longitudinally rugose sculpture; waist segments with distinctly rugose, rarely rugulose, sculpture; gaster unsculptured, smooth and shiny in many species, but sculpture present on the first gastral tergite in several species; in most species all dorsal surfaces of head, mesosoma, waist segments and gaster with abundant, long, standing hairs; sting appendage spatulate.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="discussion">
<paragraph box="[118,219,539,558]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="mainText">Comments</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1123,567,1121]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="mainText">
Within the Malagasy region, the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortuosum">T. tortuosum</taxonomicName>
group is easily recognisable within the groups with 11-segmented antennae. The distinction from the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kelleri">T. kelleri</taxonomicName>
group was explained in detail above. The 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plesiarum">T. plesiarum</taxonomicName>
group is characterised by its distinct and conspicuous antennal scrobes with well-defined margins all-around. By contrast, the scrobes are usually developed, but less conspicuous and without well-defined posterior and ventral margins in the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortuosum">T. tortuosum</taxonomicName>
group. Due to the presence of distinct sculpture on both waist segments, the group cannot be mistaken for the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="," class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bessonii">
T. bessonii
<authority>,</authority>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authorityName="," class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatum">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatum">
T. marginatum
<authority>,</authority>
</taxonomicName>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authorityName="," class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naganum">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naganum">
T. naganum
<authority>,</authority>
</taxonomicName>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authorityName="," class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">
T. schaufussii
<authority>,</authority>
</taxonomicName>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authorityName="," class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="severini">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="severini">
T. severini
<authority>,</authority>
</taxonomicName>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName genus="Tetamorium" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="tsingy">T. tsingy,</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weitzeckeri">T. weitzeckeri</taxonomicName>
groups, nor parts of the 
<taxonomicName genus="Tetamorium" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="bonibony">T. bonibony</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dysalum">T. dysalum</taxonomicName>
groups. The species of the 
<taxonomicName genus="Tetamorium" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="bonibony">T. bonibony</taxonomicName>
group with sculptured waist segments have reticulate-rugose sculpture on the posterior head and anterior mesosoma which is not present in the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortuosum">T. tortuosum</taxonomicName>
group. Most species of the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dysalum">T. dysalum</taxonomicName>
group with sculptured waist segments usually have a weakly sculptured petiolar node which distinguishes them from the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortuosum">T. tortuosum</taxonomicName>
group species. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dysalum">Tetramorium dysalum</taxonomicName>
has more sculpture, and could be misidentified with 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avaratra">T. avaratra</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pleganon">T. pleganon</taxonomicName>
on the basis of petiolar node shape, but the latter species have sculptured mandibles and sculpture on the first gastral tergite, whereas 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dysalum">T. dysalum</taxonomicName>
possesses smooth mandibles and lacks sculpture on the first gastral tergite. Moreover, the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ranarum">T. ranarum</taxonomicName>
group, despite sharing the rectangular nodiform shape of the petiolar node in some species, differs in several other important aspects, making it easily separable from the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortuosum">T. tortuosum</taxonomicName>
group. The sculpture on posterior head and mesosoma is usually reticulate-rugose in the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ranarum">T. ranarum</taxonomicName>
group but longitudinally rugose in the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortuosum">T. tortuosum</taxonomicName>
group. Also, the propodeal spines are also much longer in the latter group than in the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ranarum">T. ranarum</taxonomicName>
group. In addition, the frontal carinae and antennal scrobes are often much weaker in the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ranarum">T. ranarum</taxonomicName>
group, and several species have one or even both waist segments unsculptured, whereas all Malagasy 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortuosum">T. tortuosum</taxonomicName>
group species have both waist segments noticeably sculptured.
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1122,1130,1290]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="mainText">
Most Malagasy 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortuosum">T. tortuosum</taxonomicName>
group members appear to form a natural grouping except for 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avaratra">T. avaratra</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pleganon">T. pleganon.</taxonomicName>
In these two the petiolar node has a shape with the anterodorsal margin situated higher than the posterodorsal and the dorsum tapers distinctly backwards posteriorly, which, as mentioned above, is also seen in the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dysalum">T. dysalum</taxonomicName>
group. The true affinities of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avaratra">T. avaratra</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pleganon">T. pleganon</taxonomicName>
are unclear at the moment, and might be revealed by the use of molecular data in future studies. At present, however, we place them in the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortuosum">T. tortuosum</taxonomicName>
group since they seem to fit best in this group until more data becomes available.
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1121,1299,1402]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="mainText">
Our revision has revealed a remarkable 22 species within the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortuosum">T. tortuosum</taxonomicName>
group, which makes it the most species-rich 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tetramorium</taxonomicName>
species group in the Malagasy region. In order to facilitate the work with this comparatively high number of species, we have split the group into four species complexes on the basis of few important and conspicuous morphological key characters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="key">
<paragraph box="[118,680,1467,1487]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="mainText">
Key to species of the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortuosum">T. tortuosum</taxonomicName>
species group (workers)
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1123,1523,1539]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="mainText">
1. In profile forecoxae completely covered with very distinct, strong, longitudinal rugae (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaug">T. smaug</taxonomicName>
species complex) (Fig. 11).... 2
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1122,1546,1585]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="mainText">In profile forecoxae without very distinct, strong, longitudinal rugae; usually unsculptured, smooth and shining, but often with traces of rugulae or punctate sculpture (Figs. 12, 13)..........................................................9</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1120,501,541]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="mainText">
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">2</pageBreakToken>
. Propodeal spines long to extremely long (PSLI 34-50, generally below 45); comparatively hairy species with numerous long standing hairs on the first gastral tergite (Fig. 14)............................................................ 3
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1123,547,587]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="mainText">Propodeal spines always extremely long (PSLI 48-72; generally above 50); less hairy species with no or few scattered, long standing hairs (Figs. 15, 16)............................................................................. 7</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1121,834,851]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="mainText">
3. Petiolar node with posterodorsal margin situated higher than anterodorsal, dorsum convex (Fig. 17)............. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adamsi">T. adamsi</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[176,1122,856,872]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="mainText">Petiolar node with anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins at about the same height, dorsum flat to weakly convex (Fig. 18)...4</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1120,1256,1295]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="mainText">
4. Antennal scapes comparatively long (SI 89-92); petiolar node higher (LPeI 81-88); body colour dark brown to black (Figs. 19, 20).................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nazgul">Tetramorium nazgul</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1121,1300,1338]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="mainText">
Antennal scapes shorter than above (SI 79-85); petiolar node lower (LPeI 89-97); body colour orange to light brown (Figs. 21, 22)................................................................................ 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marojejy">Tetramorium marojejy</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1122,118,158]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="mainText">
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">7</pageBreakToken>
. First gastral tergite without any standing hairs, only with moderately dense appressed pubescence (Fig. 23).................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latreillei">Tetramorium latreillei</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1121,164,181]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="mainText">First gastral tergite with several standing hairs and scarce pubescence (Fig. 24)..................................... 8</paragraph>
<caption box="[118,1115,621,639]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="caption">
<paragraph box="[118,1115,621,639]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="caption">
FIGURES 23 &amp; 24. 23. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latreillei">T. latreillei</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0101291) gaster in profile. 24. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabatra">T. sabatra</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0189240) gaster in profile.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph box="[118,1124,673,713]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="mainText">
8. Leading edges of antennal scapes with appressed hairs; mesosoma with just one to two pairs of standing hairs on the pronotal dorsum (Figs. 25, 26).................................................................. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabatra">Tetramorium sabatra</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1122,719,759]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="mainText">
Leading edges of antennal scapes with subdecumbent to suberect hairs; mesosoma with 7 to 14 pairs of standing hairs throughout the whole mesosomal dorsum (Figs. 27, 28)............................................... 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaug">Tetramorium smaug</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<caption box="[118,1122,983,1049]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="caption">
<paragraph box="[118,1122,983,1049]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="caption">
FIGURES 25-28. 25. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabatra">T. sabatra</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0048680) antennal scape in frontal view. 26. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabatra">T. sabatra</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0189241) mesosoma in profile. 27. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaug">T. smaug</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0121244) antennal scape in frontal view. 28. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaug">T. smaug</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0121244) mesosoma in profile.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph box="[118,1121,1083,1100]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="mainText">9. First gastral tergite with either reticulate-punctate or costulate sculpture (Figs. 29, 30)..............................10</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1122,1106,1447]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="mainText">
First gastral tergite unsculptured, smooth, and shining (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">T. andrei</taxonomicName>
species complex) (Fig. 31)..........................16 first
</paragraph>
<caption box="[118,1085,1429,1471]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="caption">
<paragraph box="[118,1085,1429,1471]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="caption">
FIGURES 29-31. 29. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jedi">T. jedi</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0046064) first gastral tergite in dorsal view. 30. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singletonae">T. singletonae</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0247161) gastral tergite in dorsal view. 31. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="electrum">T. electrum</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0280850) first gastral tergite in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph box="[118,141,1506,1522]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="mainText">10.</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1119,1506,1545]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="mainText">
First gastral tergite with basigastral costulae (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noeli">T. noeli</taxonomicName>
species complex) (Fig. 32)................................... 11 First gastral tergite differently sculptured (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jedi">T. jedi</taxonomicName>
species complex) (Fig. 33)......................................14
</paragraph>
<caption box="[118,1122,526,568]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="caption">
<paragraph box="[118,1122,526,568]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="caption">
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">FIGURES</pageBreakToken>
32 &amp; 33. 32. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singletonae">T. singletonae</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0247161) first gastral tergite in dorsal view. 33. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jedi">T. jedi</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0046064) first gastral tergite in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph box="[118,1124,602,642]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="mainText">11. In profile view, petiolar node with anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins at about the same height, and the dorsum flat to weakly convex (Fig. 34)...............................................................................12</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1122,648,688]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="mainText">In profile view, petiolar node with the posterodorsal margin situated higher than the anterodorsal margin, and the dorsum convex (Fig. 35)........................................................................................13</paragraph>
<caption box="[118,1122,1056,1098]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="caption">
<paragraph box="[118,1122,1056,1098]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="caption">
FIGURES 34 &amp; 35. 34. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aherni">T. aherni</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0045755) petiolar node in profile. 35. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noeli">T. noeli</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0043554) petiolar node in profile.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph box="[118,1122,1133,1172]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="mainText">
12. Eyes comparatively moderate to large (OI 22-24); propodeal spines comparatively long (PSLI 41-45) (Figs. 36, 37)............................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aherni">Tetramorium aherni</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1122,1179,1218]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="mainText">
Eyes comparatively small (OI 16-17); propodeal spines comparatively short (PSLI 27-29) (Figs. 38, 39).................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singletonae">Tetramorium singletonae</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<caption box="[118,1123,1416,1457]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="caption">
<paragraph box="[118,1123,1416,1457]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="caption">
FIGURES 36-39. 36. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aherni">T. aherni</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0045755) head in full-face view. 37. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aherni">T. aherni</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0045755) mesosoma in profile. 38. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singletonae">T. singletonae</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0247161) head in full-face view. 39. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singletonae">T. singletonae</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0247161) mesosoma in profile.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph box="[118,1121,1492,1531]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="mainText">
13. Head distinctly longer than wide (CI 92-95); propodeal spines extremely long but comparatively shorter than below (PSLI 38-48); postpetiole relatively higher (LPpI 68-72) and broader (DPpI 119-129) (Figs. 40, 41).......... 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="noeli">Tetramorium noeli</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1123,1538,1577]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="mainText">
Head weakly longer than wide (CI 97-98); propodeal spines extremely long but comparatively longer than above (PSLI 60-65); postpetiole relatively lower (LPpI 77-81) and narrower (DPpI 104-112) (Figs. 42, 43).... 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambanizana">Tetramorium ambanizana</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1123,334,373]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">14</pageBreakToken>
. Petiolar node in dorsal view distinctly longer than wide (DPeI 79-85), in profile anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins at about same height; first gastral tergite completely covered with distinct reticulate-punctate sculpture (Figs. 44, 45).... 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jedi">T. jedi</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1122,378,438]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">Petiolar node in dorsal view distinctly wider than long (DPeI111-137); in profile anterodorsal margin situated higher than posterodorsal margin and dorsum tapering backwards; first gastral tergite never completely covered with distinct reticulate-punctate sculpture, generally with superficial reticulate-punctate sculpture restricted to the basal first half of the tergite (Figs. 46, 47).........15</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1122,780,819]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">
15. Propodeal spines very long (PSLI 37-44); petiolar node relatively lower (LPeI 63-73) and narrower (DPeI 111-118); petiolar dorsum strongly rugose (Fig. 48)........................................................ 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tetramorium</taxonomicName>
ple ganon
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1124,824,862]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">
Propodeal spines long, but shorter than above (PSLI 27-37, usually below 34); petiolar node relatively higher (LPeI 54-66) and broader (DPeI 126-137); petiolar dorsum weakly rugose (Fig. 49).......................... 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avaratra">Tetramorium avaratra</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1120,1186,1203]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">
16. Posterodorsal corner of petiolar node strongly protruding posteriorly (Fig. 50).................. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andohahela">Tetramorium andohahela</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1121,1208,1224]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="mainText">Posterodorsal corner of petiolar node not protruding posteriorly (Fig. 51).........................................17</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1122,118,158]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="mainText">
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">17</pageBreakToken>
. Eyes very small (OI 15-16); propodeal spines long (PSLI 28-33); anterodorsal margin of petiolar node situated slightly higher than posterodorsal margin; body orange to light reddish brown in colour (Fig. 52).................. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isectum">Tetramorium isectum</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1121,164,181]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="mainText">Character combination never as above; if eyes small, then propodeal spines very long to extremely long (Figs. 53, 54)....18</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1122,458,497]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="mainText">
18. Petiolar node in profile comparatively high, between 1.3 to 1.6 times higher than long (LPeI 64-74); propodeal lobes strongly reduced and inconspicuous (Fig. 55)...................................................... 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="electrum">Tetramorium electrum</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1122,504,543]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="mainText">Petiolar node in profile less high than above, between 1.1 times longer than high to 1.3 times higher than long (LPeI 76-105); propodeal lobes variably developed, usually conspicuous (Figs. 56, 57)..........................................19</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1120,821,837]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="mainText">19. Propodeal spines extremely long (PSLI 58-64) (Figs. 58, 59)..................................................20</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1121,844,860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="mainText">Propodeal spines long to very long, but always significantly much shorter than above (PSLI 29-45) (Figs. 60, 61)........21</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1120,1192,1208]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="mainText">
20. Mandibles unsculptured, smooth, and shining; body colour yellow (Figs. 62, 63)....................... 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elf">Tetramorium elf</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[176,1121,1215,1231]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="mainText">
Mandibles noticeably longitudinally sculptured; body colour very dark brown to black (Fig. 64, 65)... 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isoelectrum">Tetramorium isoelectrum</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[118,1122,1518,1535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="mainText">
21. Petiolar node in dorsal view relatively long, always more than 1.3 times longer than wide (DPeI 72-76) (Fig. 66).. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ala">Tetramorium ala</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1123,1541,1580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="mainText">Petiolar node in dorsal view relatively wider, always between 1.0 to approximately 1.2 times longer than wide (DPeI 82-98) (Figs. 67, 68)........................................................................................22</paragraph>
<caption box="[118,1122,353,394]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="caption">
<paragraph box="[118,1122,353,394]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="caption">
<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">FIGURES</pageBreakToken>
66-68. 66. T. ala (CASENT0038473) petiolar node in dorsal view. 67. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">T. andrei</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0102395) petiolar node in dorsal view. 68. 
<taxonomicName genus="Tetamorium" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="nify">T. nify</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0163155) petiolar node in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph box="[118,1122,429,445]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="mainText">
22. Eyes relatively small (OI 16-17); propodeal spines relatively short (PSLI 29-30) (Fig. 69).............. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nify">Tetramorium nify</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1121,452,468]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="mainText">Eyes always much larger (OI 19-25); propodeal spines relatively longer (PSLI 32-45) (Figs. 70, 71)..................23</paragraph>
<caption box="[118,1122,708,750]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="caption">
<paragraph box="[118,1122,708,750]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="caption">
FIGURES 69-71. 69. 
<taxonomicName genus="Tetamorium" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="nify">T. nify</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0163155) body in profile. 70. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">T. andrei</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0102395) body in profile. 71. 
<taxonomicName genus="Tetamorium" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="voasary">T. voasary</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0247162) body in profile.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph box="[118,1121,785,824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="mainText">
23. Petiolar node with weakly defined and fairly rounded anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins; postpetiole relatively longer, longer than wide to slightly wider than long (DPpI 95-101) (Fig. 72)............................. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voasary">Tetramorium voasary</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,1122,831,870]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="mainText">
Petiolar node with moderately to sharply defined anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins; postpetiole relatively wider, between 1.0 to 1.4 times wider than long (DPpI 103-136) (Fig. 73, 74)................................... 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">Tetramorium andrei</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>