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<document id="731A7BD9625DADA61B124C8844902A0F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5012.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5158062" ID-ZooBank="56C6852D-AAE0-4B6B-AB57-919CD62DAEC1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628057811575" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sim-Smith, Carina, Hickman, Cleveland &amp; Kelly, Michelle" docDate="2021" docId="D3075148FFDCFFF3FF678FBDB34EC9CE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5012.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5012 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5012.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Chelonaplysilla violacea" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="2F3E2930FFDBFFFBFFF08E7DB158CB02" masterDocTitle="New shallow-water sponges (Porifera) from the Galápagos Islands" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1699033904328" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6E4C6437C6C5BE0FA1548ACDACD2FA6E">New shallow-water sponges (Porifera) from the Galápagos Islands</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="13B4B3D5FFDCFFFCFF678FBDB3B1CAD8" box="[151,745,448,475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="00595732FFDCFFFCFF678FBDB3B1CAD8" bold="true" box="[151,745,448,475]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFDCFFFCFF678FBDB3B1CAD8" ID-CoL="TVDK" authority="(Von Lendenfeld, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Von Lendenfeld" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[151,745,448,475]" class="Demospongiae" family="Darwinellidae" genus="Chelonaplysilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendroceratida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFDCFFFCFF678FBDB3B1CAD8" bold="true" box="[151,745,448,475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFDCFFFCFF678FBDB0E7CAD9" bold="true" box="[151,447,448,475]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chelonaplysilla violacea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F3F9DAFFFDCFFFCFE3E8FBDB3B9CAD8" author="Von Lendenfeld, R." box="[462,737,448,474]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="234 - 313" refId="ref43273" refString="Von Lendenfeld, R. (1883) Uber Coelenteraten der Sudsee. II. Mittheilung. Neue Aplysinidae. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 38 (2), 234 - 313. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1883">Von Lendenfeld, 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13B4B3D5FFDCFFFCFF678F99B1B3CAFD" box="[151,235,484,511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFDCFFFCFF678F99B1B3CAFD" blockId="7.[151,745,448,511]" box="[151,235,484,511]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
(
<figureCitation id="C395FCDBFFDCFFFCFF508F99B1BACAFD" box="[160,226,484,511]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1660,1684]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,717,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-139@7.[151,1436,717,1636]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chelonaplysilla violacea (Von Lendenfeld, 1883). A. MCCDRS9432, in situ; B. MCCDRS9431, deck photo. C. Cross section of MCCDRS9432 showing the surface sand grains reticulation. D. Spongin fibre from MCCDRS9432 showing the distinct concentric laminations and diffuse pith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5158073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5158073/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="13B4B3D5FFDCFFFCFF678C5FB332C9B7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFDCFFFCFF678C5FB3FAC938" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,693]" box="[151,674,546,570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7BBEC770FFDCFFFCFF678C5FB3FAC938" box="[151,674,546,570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<treatmentCitation id="DA0FC64FFFDCFFFCFF678C5FB3C6C938" author="Von Lendenfeld, R." box="[151,670,546,570]" page="269" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1883">
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFDCFFFCFF678C5FB3C6C938" ID-CoL="FQ77" authority="Von Lendenfeld, 1883: 237 - 269" authorityName="Von Lendenfeld" authorityPageNumber="237 - 269" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,670,546,570]" class="Demospongiae" family="Darwinellidae" genus="Aplysilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendroceratida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFDCFFFCFF678C5FB016C938" box="[151,334,546,570]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aplysilla violacea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3F3F9DAFFFDCFFFCFEA38C5EB3C6C938" author="Von Lendenfeld, R." box="[339,670,546,570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="234 - 313" refId="ref43273" refString="Von Lendenfeld, R. (1883) Uber Coelenteraten der Sudsee. II. Mittheilung. Neue Aplysinidae. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 38 (2), 234 - 313. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1883">Von Lendenfeld, 1883: 237–269</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFDCFFFCFF678C3CB1ACC97A" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,693]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7BBEC770FFDCFFFCFF678C3CB1ACC97A" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<treatmentCitation id="DA0FC64FFFDCFFFCFF678C3CB3C2C95B" author="Von Lendenfeld, R." box="[151,666,577,601]" page="706" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1889">
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFDCFFFCFF678C3CB3C2C95B" ID-CoL="FQ77" authority="Von Lendenfeld 1889: 704 - 706" authorityName="Von Lendenfeld" authorityPageNumber="704 - 706" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,666,577,601]" class="Demospongiae" family="Darwinellidae" genus="Aplysilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendroceratida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFDCFFFCFF678C3CB016C95B" box="[151,334,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aplysilla violacea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3F3F9DAFFFDCFFFCFEA48C3CB3C2C95B" author="Von Lendenfeld, R." box="[340,666,577,601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref43340" refString="Von Lendenfeld, R. (1889) A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. Trubner and Co, London, 936 pp." type="book" year="1889">Von Lendenfeld 1889: 704–706</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 46, fig. 13–15.—
<treatmentCitation id="DA0FC64FFFDCFFFCFC9F8C3CB51FC95B" author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[879,1095,577,601]" page="162" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="3F3F9DAFFFDCFFFCFC9F8C3CB51FC95B" author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[879,1095,577,601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="159 - 174" refId="ref37061" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1967) Additions to the sponge fauna of the Hawaiian Islands. Micronesica, 3 (2), 159 - 174." type="journal article" year="1967">Bergquist 1967: 162</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="DA0FC64FFFDCFFFCFBA28C3CB406C95B" author="Bergquist, P. R. &amp; Morton, J. E. &amp; Tizard, C. A." box="[1106,1374,577,601]" page="100" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="3F3F9DAFFFDCFFFCFBA28C3CB406C95B" author="Bergquist, P. R. &amp; Morton, J. E. &amp; Tizard, C. A." box="[1106,1374,577,601]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref37473" refString="Bergquist, P. R., Morton, J. E. &amp; Tizard, C. A. (1971) Some Demospongiae from the Solomon Islands with descriptive notes on the major sponge habitats. Micronesica, 7, 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1971">
Bergquist
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFDCFFFCFB4B8C3FB5B7C95B" box="[1211,1263,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
1971: 100
</bibRefCitation>
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, 103– 104.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFDCFFFCFF678C03B332C9B7" blockId="7.[151,1437,546,693]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7BBEC770FFDCFFFCFF678C03B332C9B7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<treatmentCitation id="DA0FC64FFFDCFFFCFF678C03B3D9C994" author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[151,641,638,662]" page="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1996">
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFDCFFFCFF678C03B3D9C994" authority="Bergquist 1996: 21 - 22" authorityName="Bergquist" authorityPageNumber="21 - 22" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,641,638,662]" class="Demospongiae" family="Darwinellidae" genus="Chelonalpysilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendroceratida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFDCFFFCFF678C03B0CBC994" box="[151,403,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chelonalpysilla violacea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3F3F9DAFFFDCFFFCFE688C03B3D9C994" author="Bergquist, P. R." box="[408,641,638,662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref37232" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1996) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Porifera: Demospongiae. Part 5. Dendroceratida and Halisarca. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Wellington, 53 pp." type="book" year="1996">Bergquist 1996: 21–22</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 3e, 4e, 7c. —
<treatmentCitation id="DA0FC64FFFDCFFFCFCDF8C03B293C994" author="Kelly, M." box="[815,971,638,662]" page="92" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="3F3F9DAFFFDCFFFCFCDF8C03B293C994" author="Kelly, M." box="[815,971,638,662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref40504" refString="Kelly, M. (2018) Splendid Sponges: A Guide to the Sponges of New Zealand. Ver. 3. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, 105 pp." type="book" year="2018">Kelly, 2018: 92</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3F3F9DAFFFDCFFFCFC258C03B5FEC994" author="Kelly, M. &amp; Colin, L. J." box="[981,1190,638,662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref40540" refString="Kelly, M. &amp; Colin, L. J. (2016) Splendid Sponges of Palau. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, 70 pp." type="book" year="2016">Kelly &amp; Colin, 2016</bibRefCitation>
; 59;
<treatmentCitation id="DA0FC64FFFDCFFFCFB258C03B0C2C9B7" author="Lizarazo Rodriguez, N. &amp; Zea, S. &amp; Chasqui Velasco, L. &amp; Rincon Diaz, N." page="109" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="3F3F9DAFFFDCFFFCFB258C03B0C2C9B7" author="Lizarazo Rodriguez, N. &amp; Zea, S. &amp; Chasqui Velasco, L. &amp; Rincon Diaz, N." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="79 - 130" refId="ref40839" refString="Lizarazo Rodriguez, N., Zea, S., Chasqui Velasco, L. &amp; Rincon Diaz, N. (2020) Biodiversidad de esponjas en arrecifes rocosos del Choco norte, Pacifico colombiano (Biodiversity of sponges in rocky reefs of North Choco, Colombian Pacific). Boletin de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, 49 (2), 79 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.25268 / bimc. invemar. 2020.49.2.889" type="journal article" year="2020">
Lizarazo Rodríguez
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFDCFFFCFF378CE3B1A2C9B7" box="[199,250,669,693]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
2020: 109–110
</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 19; pl. 2, fig. 6.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="0FD1B0D6FFDCFFFCFF678801B3F8CDDE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5158073" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5158073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5158073/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[151,250,1660,1684]" targetBox="[151,1436,717,1636]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFDCFFFCFF678801B3F8CDDE" blockId="7.[151,1436,1660,1756]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFDCFFFCFF678801B04CCD96" bold="true" box="[151,276,1660,1684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFDCFFFCFEEC8801B240CD96" authority="(Von Lendenfeld, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Von Lendenfeld" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[284,792,1660,1684]" class="Demospongiae" family="Darwinellidae" genus="Chelonaplysilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendroceratida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFDCFFFCFEEC8801B341CD96" box="[284,537,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chelonaplysilla violacea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3F3F9DAFFFDCFFFCFDD78801B248CD96" author="Von Lendenfeld, R." box="[551,784,1660,1684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="234 - 313" refId="ref43273" refString="Von Lendenfeld, R. (1883) Uber Coelenteraten der Sudsee. II. Mittheilung. Neue Aplysinidae. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 38 (2), 234 - 313. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1883">Von Lendenfeld, 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFDCFFFCFCD38801B263CD96" bold="true" box="[803,827,1660,1684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A.</emphasis>
MCCDRS9432,
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFDCFFFCFC1D8800B56DCD96" box="[1005,1077,1661,1684]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">in situ;</emphasis>
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFDCFFFCFBCC8801B50BCD96" bold="true" box="[1084,1107,1660,1684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B.</emphasis>
MCCDRS9431, deck photo.
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFDCFFFCFA748801B4C4CD96" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1660,1684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C.</emphasis>
Cross section of MCCDRS9432 showing the surface sand grains reticulation.
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFDCFFFCFC4788DDB288CDBA" bold="true" box="[951,976,1696,1720]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D.</emphasis>
Spongin fibre from MCCDRS9432 showing the distinct concentric laminations and diffuse pith.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="13B4B3D5FFDCFFFCFF67897EB3C9CCF7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFDCFFFCFF67897EB18FCC64" blockId="7.[151,1436,1795,2038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFDCFFFCFF67897EB0D9CC1F" bold="true" box="[151,385,1795,1821]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined.</emphasis>
MCCDRS9431, Beagle Rocks,
<geoCoordinate id="3E9A8699FFDCFFFCFD1B897EB215CC1C" box="[747,845,1795,1822]" degrees="0.601" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-0.601">0.601° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3E9A8699FFDCFFFCFCA9897EB288CC1C" box="[857,976,1795,1822]" degrees="90.633" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-90.633">90.633° W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="9C564DBBFFDCFFFCFC2E8979B553CC1C" box="[990,1035,1796,1822]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
,
<date id="2F10C69EFFDCFFFCFBE78979B5F9CC1C" box="[1047,1185,1796,1822]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2003-01-20">20 Jan 2003</date>
; MCCDRS9432, Beagle Rocks,
<geoCoordinate id="3E9A8699FFDCFFFCFEE5895AB020CC40" box="[277,376,1831,1858]" degrees="0.601" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-0.601">0.601° S</geoCoordinate>
,
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,
<quantity id="9C564DBBFFDCFFFCFDFA8955B31DCC40" box="[522,581,1832,1858]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</quantity>
,
<date id="2F10C69EFFDCFFFCFDA18955B3E1CC40" box="[593,697,1832,1858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2003-01">Jan 2003</date>
; MCCDRS9433, Beagle Rocks,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="3E9A8699FFDCFFFCFB69895AB448CC40" box="[1177,1296,1831,1858]" degrees="90.633" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-90.633">90.633° W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="9C564DBBFFDCFFFCFAEF8955B414CC40" box="[1311,1356,1832,1858]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
,
<date id="2F10C69EFFDCFFFCFAA8895AB18BCC64" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2003-08-05">5 Aug 2003</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFDCFFFCFF37890DB3ECCC8B" blockId="7.[151,1436,1795,2038]" box="[199,692,1903,1930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<materialsCitation id="EBC6EA03FFDCFFFCFF37890DB3E8CC8B" box="[199,688,1903,1930]" country="Australia" location="Port Phillip Heads" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFDCFFFCFF37890DB03ECC8B" bold="true" box="[199,358,1903,1930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus id="84155EFCFFDCFFFCFF37890DB05ACC88" box="[199,258,1904,1930]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="5E71B685FFDCFFFCFE9C890DB365CC8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D3075148FFDCFFF3FF678FBDB34EC9CE:5E71B685FFDCFFFCFE9C890DB365CC8B" box="[364,573,1903,1930]" country="Australia" name="Port Phillip Heads" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Port Phillip Heads</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="23B9A0CEFFDCFFFCFDB68912B3E8CC8B" box="[582,688,1903,1929]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Australia</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFDCFFFCFF3789EEB3C9CCF7" blockId="7.[151,1436,1795,2038]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFDCFFFCFF3789EEB0B7CCAF" bold="true" box="[199,495,1939,1966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Habitat and distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="23B9A0CEFFDCFFFCFE0C89EEB33ECCAF" box="[508,614,1939,1965]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="23B9A0CEFFDCFFFCFD8289E9B254CCAF" box="[626,780,1939,1966]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="23B9A0CEFFDCFFFCFCE889EEB21ACCAF" box="[792,834,1939,1965]" name="Fiji" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fiji</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="23B9A0CEFFDCFFFCFCBE89EEB556CCAF" box="[846,1038,1939,1965]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="23B9A0CEFFDCFFFCFBE989EEB586CCAC" box="[1049,1246,1939,1966]" name="American Samoa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">American Samoa</collectingCountry>
, Northern
<collectingCountry id="23B9A0CEFFDCFFFCFAA889E9B07ECCD3" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, Hawai’i,
<collectingCountry id="23B9A0CEFFDCFFFCFE6789CAB080CCD3" box="[407,472,1975,2001]" name="Palau" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Palau</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="23B9A0CEFFDCFFFCFE1289C5B371CCD0" box="[482,553,1976,2002]" name="Guam" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Guam</collectingCountry>
, Colombian Pacific, Galápagos Islands (Beagle Rocks). Found growing in shallow waters on hard coral and rock substrates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13B4B3D5FFD3FFF3FF378EEBB5A7CAF7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFD3FFF3FF378EEBB06ECA66" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFD3FFF3FF378EEBB001CBB2" bold="true" box="[199,345,150,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description.</emphasis>
Thinly encrusting sponge, up to
<quantity id="9C564DBBFFD3FFF3FD268EEBB27FCBB3" box="[726,807,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
thick, occasionally with lobes, covered in low conules (
<figureCitation id="C395FCDBFFD3FFF3FF508EC7B04FCBD7" box="[160,279,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1660,1684]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,717,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-139@7.[151,1436,717,1636]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chelonaplysilla violacea (Von Lendenfeld, 1883). A. MCCDRS9432, in situ; B. MCCDRS9431, deck photo. C. Cross section of MCCDRS9432 showing the surface sand grains reticulation. D. Spongin fibre from MCCDRS9432 showing the distinct concentric laminations and diffuse pith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5158073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5158073/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
). Fibres often protrude through the surface of the sponge at the apex of the conules. Conspicuous oscules are scattered over the surface of the sponge, flush or surrounded by a slightly raised, membranous rim. Close examination of the surface reveals a characteristic reticulation of embedded sand grains and broken spicules, resulting in the appearance of a whitish surface lace. Texture is soft, compressible. Colour in life is dark purple with a whitish surface sheen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFD3FFF3FF378F13B5A7CAF7" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFD3FFF3FF378F13B06DCA8A" bold="true" box="[199,309,366,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Skeleton.</emphasis>
The surface of the sponge contains a layer of sand and foreign broken spicules (
<figureCitation id="C395FCDBFFD3FFF3FB5B8F13B45BCA8A" box="[1195,1283,366,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1660,1684]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,717,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-139@7.[151,1436,717,1636]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chelonaplysilla violacea (Von Lendenfeld, 1883). A. MCCDRS9432, in situ; B. MCCDRS9431, deck photo. C. Cross section of MCCDRS9432 showing the surface sand grains reticulation. D. Spongin fibre from MCCDRS9432 showing the distinct concentric laminations and diffuse pith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5158073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5158073/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Large pockets of sand grains are also present within the choanosome. Fibres smooth, erect and sparse, arising from a spongin basal plate, often protruding visibly through the surface. The fibres are strongly concentrically laminated with a central diffuse pith, and free of detritus (
<figureCitation id="C395FCDBFFD3FFF3FDAC8FA7B3EECAF6" box="[604,694,474,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1660,1684]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,717,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-139@7.[151,1436,717,1636]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chelonaplysilla violacea (Von Lendenfeld, 1883). A. MCCDRS9432, in situ; B. MCCDRS9431, deck photo. C. Cross section of MCCDRS9432 showing the surface sand grains reticulation. D. Spongin fibre from MCCDRS9432 showing the distinct concentric laminations and diffuse pith." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5158073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5158073/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
); fibres are thin, diameter varying from 36–100 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13B4B3D5FFD3FFF3FF378F83B34EC9CE" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFD3FFF3FF378F83B2C9C962" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFD3FFF3FF378F83B063C91A" bold="true" box="[199,315,510,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFD3FFF3FEB18F83B30EC91A" baseAuthorityName="Von Lendenfeld" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[321,598,510,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Darwinellidae" genus="Chelonaplysilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendroceratida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="violacea">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFD3FFF3FEB18F83B30EC91A" box="[321,598,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chelonaplysilla violacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed throughout the Pacific Ocean from
<collectingCountry id="23B9A0CEFFD3FFF3FB378F82B4C4C91A" box="[1223,1436,510,537]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
in the west to Hawai’i, the Galápagos Islands and the Colombian Pacific in the east. Specimens from the Galápagos Islands conform to the morphological characteristics of this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11E05EFFD3FFF3FF678CCFB34EC9CE" blockId="8.[151,534,690,716]" box="[151,534,690,716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="69DA3C4CFFD3FFF3FF678CCFB34EC9CE" bold="true" box="[151,534,690,716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingRegion id="996A2EBCFFD3FFF3FF678CCFB1BDC9CE" box="[151,229,690,716]" country="American Samoa" name="order" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Order</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="9CAE9BDDFFD3FFF3FF1C8CCFB34EC9CE" authority="Minchin" authorityName="Minchin" box="[236,534,690,716]" class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Dictyoceratida Minchin</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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