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<mods:title id="1D9ECC1FD039CE9FFDC3E137DB298DC6">Systematics of Dynastor Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="AF8BAE54ABE38E2F35831E7F80972377">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1543123B67CCE8822D4A2A8686F4B65E">Lamas, Gerardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D99ED5116EB3FFE82334B84E1CB022B9">Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado 14 - 0434, Lima- 14, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="FAE1CCD7B9C3008A79BAB7117B87ED2C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C325A7888B6D7D59FF18FA6C34943281" box="[151,679,1427,1454]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6D7D59FF18FA6C34943281" blockId="36.[151,679,1427,1490]" box="[151,679,1427,1454]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
<heading id="D0C8436F8B6D7D59FF18FA6C34943281" bold="true" box="[151,679,1427,1454]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FF18FA6C34943281" bold="true" box="[151,679,1427,1454]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6D7D59FF18FA6C34023281" ID-CoL="9BFKY" authority="Stichel, 1908" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[151,561,1427,1454]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FF18FA6C37B93281" bold="true" box="[151,394,1427,1454]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FE1DFA6C34023281" author="Stichel, H." box="[402,561,1428,1454]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6D7D59FDB7FA6C34943281" box="[568,679,1428,1454]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C325A7888B6D7D59FF18FA40376232FD" box="[151,337,1464,1490]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6D7D59FF18FA40376232FD" blockId="36.[151,679,1427,1490]" box="[151,337,1464,1490]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
(
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6D7D59FF10FA4036C532FD" box="[159,246,1464,1490]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1089]" captionTargetId="figure-17@35.[189,1398,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 28. Geographical distribution of Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851), Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov., Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest., and Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest. Asterisk (*) and at (@) inside the sampled locality indicate that the geographical distribution data was retrieved from the bibliography and iNaturalist (www. inaturalist.org), respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269048/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Figs 28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6D7D59FE8DFA40377A32FD" box="[258,329,1464,1490]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 30" captionStart-1="FIGURE 31" captionStart-2="FIGURE 32" captionStartId-0="37.[151,250,1320,1344]" captionStartId-1="38.[151,250,1153,1177]" captionStartId-2="39.[151,250,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox-0="[274,1319,189,1289]" captionTargetBox-1="[215,1383,186,1123]" captionTargetBox-2="[192,1391,189,1289]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@37.[261,1326,181,1297]" captionTargetId-1="figure-23@38.[200,1387,181,1129]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@39.[189,1398,181,1289]" captionTargetPageId-0="37" captionTargetPageId-1="38" captionTargetPageId-2="39" captionText-0="FIGURE 30. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Peru, Chanchamayo (USNMENT01589343–USNM). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-1="FIGURE 31. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.: female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (USNMENT01589343–USNM). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-2="FIGURE 32. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov. Male lectotype of Dynastor pharnaces stat. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269052" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269054" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269056" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13269052/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13269054/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13269056/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">30–32</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C325A7888B6D7D59FF18FA0532853181" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6D7D59FF18FA05326531A0" blockId="36.[151,1437,1532,1802]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6D7D59FF18FA053450313B" ID-CoL="5GZVR" authority="Stichel, 1908" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,611,1532,1556]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="macrosiris" subSpecies="pharnaces">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FF18FA0537E5313B" box="[151,470,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Dynastor macrosiris pharnaces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FE54FA043450313B" author="Stichel, H." box="[475,611,1532,1556]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FDE3FA04352F313B" bold="true" box="[620,796,1532,1556]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Berl. ent. Ztschr</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FCA7FA043572313B" bold="true" box="[808,833,1532,1556]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">52</emphasis>
(3): 174,
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6D7D59FC12FA0435D3313B" box="[925,992,1532,1556]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
“
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B6D7D59FC7FFA043212313B" box="[1008,1057,1532,1556]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">type</typeStatus>
”, Coroico, [La Paz],
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6D7D59FB7CFA043373313B" box="[1267,1344,1532,1556]" name="Bolivia" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6D7D59FAC5FA0433AB313B" box="[1354,1432,1532,1556]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
, Garlepp
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FE90F9E3370D311C" box="[287,318,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">leg</emphasis>
.; collection Staudinger, Mus[eum] Berol[inensis] [MfN].—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FC16F9E33217311C" author="Stichel, H." box="[921,1060,1563,1587]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="1 - 244" refId="ref35706" refString="Stichel, H. (1909) Brassolidae. Das Tierreich, 25, i - xiv + 1 - 244 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1235" type="book chapter" year="1909">Stichel, 1909</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FBA2F9E332EC311C" bold="true" box="[1069,1247,1563,1587]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Das Tierreich 25</emphasis>
: 26.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FAADF9E336CF317D" author="Fruhstorfer, H." pageId="36" pageNumber="487" refId="ref32787" refString="Fruhstorfer, H. (1912) Brassolidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde.. Vol. 5. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 285 - 332." type="book" year="1912">Fruhstorfer, 1912</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FE8AF9C2372A317E" box="[261,281,1594,1617]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">in</emphasis>
Seitz.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FED4F9C13467317D" bold="true" box="[347,596,1593,1618]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Gross-Schmett. Erde 5,</emphasis>
p. 290.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FD39F9C2350D317D" author="Stichel, H." box="[694,830,1594,1618]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref35743" refString="Stichel, H. (1932) n. k. In: Strand, E. (Ed.), Lepidopterorum Catalogus Pars 51. Brassolidae. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1932">Stichel, 1932</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FCC9F9C235F4317D" bold="true" box="[838,967,1593,1618]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Lep. Cat. 51</emphasis>
, p. 22.—D’Abrera, 1987.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FB42F9C236E7315F" bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Butt. Neotrop. Reg. 3</emphasis>
, p. 394.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FECEF9A037CF315F" author="Casagrande, M. M." box="[321,508,1624,1648]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="201 - 205" refId="ref32298" refString="Casagrande, M. M. (2004) Tribe Brassolini. In: Lamas, G. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotroprical Lepidoptera 5 A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 201 - 205." type="book chapter" year="2004">Casagrande, 2004</bibRefCitation>
. Brassolini,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FDF4F9A134BC315F" box="[635,655,1625,1648]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">in</emphasis>
Lamas (ed.)
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FC97F9A0332F315F" bold="true" box="[792,1308,1624,1648]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FAA5F9A1330D315F" box="[1322,1342,1625,1648]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">in</emphasis>
Heppner (ed.).
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FE8CF98F37CE31A0" bold="true" box="[259,509,1655,1679]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A</emphasis>
, p. 203.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FDEBF98F35A831A0" author="Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Penz, C. M." box="[612,923,1655,1679]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref32828" refString="Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Penz, C. M. (2009) Phylogeny of Dynastor and Brassolis butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): a tough nut to crack. Zootaxa, 2134 (1), 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2134.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Garzón-Orduña &amp; Penz, 2009</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FC2AF98F320431A0" bold="true" box="[933,1079,1655,1679]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Zootaxa 2134</emphasis>
: 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6D7D59FF18F96E32853181" blockId="36.[151,1437,1532,1802]" box="[151,1206,1686,1712]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6D7D59FF18F96E37AA3181" authority="(Stichel, 1908)" box="[151,409,1686,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="strix" subSpecies="pharnaces">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FF18F96E37AA3181" box="[151,409,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Dynastor strix pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FE29F96E340A3181" author="Blandin, P." box="[422,569,1686,1710]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="161 - 218" refId="ref31862" refString="Blandin, P. (1977) La distribution geographique des Brassolinae (Lepidoptera, Satyridae). faits et problemes. Publications du Laboratoire de Zoologie de l'Ecole normale superieure, Paris, 9, 161 - 218." type="journal article" year="1977">Blandin, 1977</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FDCDF96E358E3181" bold="true" box="[578,957,1686,1712]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Publ. Lab. Zool. l’École norm. sup.</emphasis>
, Paris,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FB86F96E32253181" bold="true" box="[1033,1046,1686,1710]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">9</emphasis>
: 163; biogeogr.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C325A7888B6D7D59FF18F94D37E030B5" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6D7D59FF18F94D373A3025" blockId="36.[151,1437,1532,1802]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6D7D59FF18F94D375A31E3" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[151,361,1717,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FF18F94D375A31E3" box="[151,361,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[misidentification];
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FDB1F94C357F31E3" author="Matos-Maravi, P. &amp; Wahlberg, N. &amp; Freitas, A. V. L. &amp; DeVries, P. &amp; Antonelli, A. &amp; Penz, C. M." box="[574,844,1716,1740]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="704 - 724" refId="ref33761" refString="Matos-Maravi, P., Wahlberg, N., Freitas, A. V. L., DeVries, P., Antonelli, A. &amp; Penz, C. M. (2021) Mesoamerica is a cradle and the Atlantic Forest is a museum of Neotropical butterfly diversity: insights from the evolution and biogeography of Brassolini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 133 (3), 704 - 724. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / biolinnean / blab 034" type="journal article" year="2021">
Matos-Maraví
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FD57F94D353431E3" box="[728,775,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FCD8F94C325C31E3" bold="true" box="[855,1135,1716,1740]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 133</emphasis>
(3): 711, fig. 2 (phylogenetic tree); phylog (photo of the specimen available at: https://www.flickr.com/photos/nsg_db/5241930372/. Accessed
<date id="FF81D2C38B6D7D59FAD8F92B36CD3025" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" value="2023-07-05">July 5, 2023</date>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6D7D59FF18F8C037E030B5" blockId="36.[151,1437,1848,1946]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FF18F8C0374F307D" bold="true" box="[151,380,1848,1874]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Taxonomic history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6D7D59FE0BF8C134D4307D" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" box="[388,743,1848,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="macrosiris" subSpecies="pharnaces">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FE0BF8C134D4307D" box="[388,743,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Dynastor macrosiris pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was treated as described until
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FBCBF8C032DC307D" author="Blandin, P." box="[1092,1263,1848,1874]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="161 - 218" refId="ref31862" refString="Blandin, P. (1977) La distribution geographique des Brassolinae (Lepidoptera, Satyridae). faits et problemes. Publications du Laboratoire de Zoologie de l'Ecole normale superieure, Paris, 9, 161 - 218." type="journal article" year="1977">Blandin (1977)</bibRefCitation>
considered it a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6D7D59FEB8F8A537EA3059" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[311,473,1885,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FEB8F8A537EA3059" box="[311,473,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This subspecies was cited in reviews, catalogs, checklists, with records of hostplant and geographic distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF40A48B8B6C7D58FF18FAD032BA324B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269052" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13269052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269052/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" startId="37.[151,250,1320,1344]" targetBox="[274,1319,189,1289]" targetPageId="37" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6C7D58FF18FAD032BA324B" blockId="37.[151,1436,1320,1380]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FF18FAD03714326F" bold="true" box="[151,295,1320,1344]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">FIGURE 30.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6C7D58FEBAFAD13495326E" authority="Stichel, 1908" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[309,678,1320,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FEBAFAD13438326F" box="[309,523,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6C7D58FD96FAD03495326E" author="Stichel, H." box="[537,678,1320,1345]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FD3BFAD13528326E" bold="true" box="[692,795,1321,1345]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6C7D58FD3BFAD13528326E" box="[692,795,1321,1345]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: Female,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FC00FAD13591326E" bold="true" box="[911,930,1321,1345]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">a.</emphasis>
dorsal,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FB8DFAD13224326E" bold="true" box="[1026,1047,1321,1345]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">b.</emphasis>
ventral views; Peru, Chanchamayo (USNMENT01589343–USNM). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B6C7D58FF48FA4F35703072" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6C7D58FF48FA4F35703072" blockId="37.[151,1437,1462,1885]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FF48FA4F374432FF" bold="true" box="[199,375,1462,1489]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">Type material.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6C7D58FE0FFA4035B732FE" authority="Stichel, 1908" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" box="[384,900,1463,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="macrosiris" subSpecies="pharnaces">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FE0FFA4034D532FE" box="[384,742,1463,1489]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">Dynastor macrosiris pharnaces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6C7D58FD61FA4F35B732FE" author="Stichel, H." box="[750,900,1463,1489]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was described based on
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6C7D58FB2CFA4F333932FE" box="[1187,1290,1463,1489]" count="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
“type” from
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6C7D58FF18FA2336DF32DA" box="[151,236,1499,1525]" name="Bolivia" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, Corvico [=Coroico, La Paz] (Yungas,
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6C7D58FD38FA23352132DA" box="[695,786,1499,1525]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
, Garlepp leg.) i[n]. c[ollection]. Staudinger Mus. Berol. However, Viola Richter, the collection manager of MfN, where Staudinger’s specimens are deposited, informed the authors that the “type” was not found in the institution. In the original description,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6C7D58FBBAF9DB32E73112" author="Stichel, H." box="[1077,1236,1571,1597]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel (1908)</bibRefCitation>
mentions another examined specimen: “Ein zweites gleiches Belagstück wurde mir vor etlicher Zeit zur Bestimmung gesandt.” According to one of us (G. Lamas), this second male is deposited at MNHN, with the following labels: / Muséum Paris/ Corvico ca.
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6C7D58FEE9F977378D3186" box="[358,446,1679,1705]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
.
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6C7D58FE46F97734283186" box="[457,539,1679,1705]" name="Bolivia" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(Yungas) 1895 (2–5) Garlepp/. As the “type” in Staudinger’s collection was not found at the MfN, the specimen deposited at the MNHN is probably the second specimen mentioned by Stichel in the original description, because it is from the same provenance of the “type”. Therefore, to stabilize the nomenclature of this taxon, the MNHN specimen is hereby designated as the
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B6C7D58FCDAF903358F303A" box="[853,956,1787,1813]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6C7D58FC6FF90436E13016" authority="Stichel, 1908" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="macrosiris" subSpecies="pharnaces">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FC6FF9043372303A" box="[992,1345,1787,1813]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">Dynastor macrosiris pharnaces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6C7D58FAC8F90336E13016" author="Stichel, H." pageId="37" pageNumber="488" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and the following labels will be attached to it: /
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B6C7D58FD7EF8E735903016" box="[753,931,1823,1849]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPUS</typeStatus>
/
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B6C7D58FC37F8E732073016" box="[952,1076,1823,1849]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" type="lectotype">Lectotypus</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6C7D58FBB4F8D8371D3072" authority="Stichel, 1908" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="macrosiris" subSpecies="pharnaces">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FBB4F8D833AE3016" box="[1083,1437,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">Dynastor macrosiris pharnaces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6C7D58FF18F8BB371D3072" author="Stichel, H." box="[151,302,1859,1885]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Piovesan, Casagrande &amp; O. Mielke det. 2024/.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF40A48B8B6F7D5BFF18FB7932FC3392" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269054" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13269054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269054/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" startId="38.[151,250,1153,1177]" targetBox="[215,1383,186,1123]" targetPageId="38" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6F7D5BFF18FB7932FC3392" blockId="38.[151,1436,1153,1213]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF18FB79371233B6" bold="true" box="[151,289,1153,1177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">FIGURE 31.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFEA8FB7A34B733B6" authority="Stichel, 1908" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[295,644,1153,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFEA8FB7A37C433B6" box="[295,503,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6F7D5BFE72FB7934B733B6" author="Stichel, H." box="[509,644,1153,1177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFD04FB7934D833B6" bold="true" box="[651,747,1153,1177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6F7D5BFD04FB7934D833B6" box="[651,747,1153,1177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: female genitalia:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC24FB79358D33B6" bold="true" box="[939,958,1153,1177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">a.</emphasis>
lateral view;
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFBC4FB79326C33B6" bold="true" box="[1099,1119,1153,1177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">b.</emphasis>
detail of signa;
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFA8AFB79332533B6" bold="true" box="[1285,1302,1153,1177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">c.</emphasis>
ventral view (USNMENT01589343–USNM). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B6F7D5BFF48FAF733A2312E" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6F7D5BFF48FAF733A2312E" blockId="38.[151,1437,1295,2042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF48FAF737713206" bold="true" box="[199,322,1295,1321]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFEC8FAE834193206" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[327,554,1295,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFEC8FAE834193206" box="[327,554,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFDA0FAF734AA3206" bold="true" box="[559,665,1295,1321]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6F7D5BFDA0FAF734AA3206" box="[559,665,1295,1321]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFC6BFAE832853206" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[996,1206,1295,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC6BFAE832853206" box="[996,1206,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFB34FAF733143206" bold="true" box="[1211,1319,1295,1321]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFABBFAE8373D3262" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFABBFAE8373D3262" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFEC1FACC37C23262" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[334,497,1332,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFEC1FACC37C23262" box="[334,497,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFE76FACB34543262" bold="true" box="[505,615,1331,1357]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
; it differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFC90FACC32343262" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[799,1031,1332,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC90FACC32343262" box="[799,1031,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the VFW with a distinguishable rusty red band between M
<subScript id="17BBF6468B6F7D5BFE30FA9237F43257" attach="left" box="[447,455,1386,1400]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">1</subScript>
and M
<subScript id="17BBF6468B6F7D5BFD97FA9234133257" attach="left" box="[536,544,1386,1400]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">3</subScript>
, this band is thinner than that of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFC17FAA03209325E" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[920,1082,1368,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC17FAA03209325E" box="[920,1082,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFBCDFAAF3283325E" bold="true" box="[1090,1200,1367,1393]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFB37FAA033AE325E" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1208,1437,1367,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFB37FAA033AE325E" box="[1208,1437,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF18FA83373632BA" bold="true" box="[151,261,1403,1429]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6F7D5BFF18FA83373632BA" box="[151,261,1403,1429]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFE2CFA84344A32BA" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[419,633,1403,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFE2CFA84344A32BA" box="[419,633,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFD0CFA8334C732BA" bold="true" box="[643,756,1403,1429]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
by the VFW and VHW with a ripple pattern strongly and irregularly arranged (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFE0AFA6734353295" box="[389,518,1439,1466]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 24" captionStart-1="FIGURE 25" captionStartId-0="32.[151,250,1583,1607]" captionStartId-1="33.[151,250,1320,1344]" captionTargetBox-0="[301,1292,452,1552]" captionTargetBox-1="[307,1286,189,1289]" captionTargetId-0="figure-205@32.[288,1300,444,1560]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@33.[294,1294,181,1297]" captionTargetPageId-0="32" captionTargetPageId-1="33" captionText-0="FIGURE 24. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Brazil, Pará (DZ 54.260–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-1="FIGURE 25. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Peru, Río Huallaga (AMNH_IZC 00352908–AMNH)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269040" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269042" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13269040/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13269042/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Figs 24–25</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFD9EFA67341C3296" box="[529,559,1439,1465]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1320,1344]" captionTargetBox="[274,1319,189,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-17@37.[261,1326,181,1297]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Peru, Chanchamayo (USNMENT01589343–USNM). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269052/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFDB4FA6734B73296" box="[571,644,1439,1465]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 32" captionStart-1="FIGURE 33" captionStart-2="FIGURE 34" captionStartId-0="39.[151,250,1313,1337]" captionStartId-1="40.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionStartId-2="41.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox-0="[192,1391,189,1289]" captionTargetBox-1="[307,1286,391,1491]" captionTargetBox-2="[306,1286,184,1314]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@39.[189,1398,181,1289]" captionTargetId-1="figure-126@40.[294,1294,383,1499]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@41.[293,1293,181,1316]" captionTargetPageId-0="39" captionTargetPageId-1="40" captionTargetPageId-2="41" captionText-0="FIGURE 32. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov. Male lectotype of Dynastor pharnaces stat. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 33. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Colombia, Boyacá (DZ 52.734– DZUP; CMBUT1655-20). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-2="FIGURE 34. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Colombia, Boyacá (DZ 3969– DZUP)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269056" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269058" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269060" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13269056/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13269058/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13269060/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">32–34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFD00FA6734EA3296" box="[655,729,1439,1465]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 38" captionStart-1="FIGURE 39" captionStartId-0="45.[151,250,1320,1344]" captionStartId-1="46.[151,250,1448,1472]" captionTargetBox-0="[300,1291,189,1289]" captionTargetBox-1="[300,1291,317,1417]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@45.[287,1299,181,1297]" captionTargetId-1="figure-85@46.[287,1299,309,1425]" captionTargetPageId-0="45" captionTargetPageId-1="46" captionText-0="FIGURE 38. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; El Salvador, Ahuachapán (FLMNH MGCL 1107875–MGCL). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-1="FIGURE 39. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; El Salvador, Ahuachapán (FLMNH MGCL 1107876–MGCL)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269068" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269072" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13269068/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13269072/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">38–39</figureCitation>
). The female genitalia is similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFB4DFA5833503296" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1218,1379,1440,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFB4DFA5833503296" box="[1218,1379,1440,1465]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFAE5FA6736F832F2" bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
, mainly the corpus bursae, but the morphology of the lamella postvaginalis differs from all species by the “}” shape sclerotization (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFE0BFA1F37E9312E" box="[388,474,1511,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[244,1355,965,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-66@34.[229,1359,960,1908]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 27. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (OM 78.930–DZUP–OM). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269046/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Figs 27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFE69FA1F3437312E" box="[486,516,1511,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[215,1383,186,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-23@38.[200,1387,181,1129]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.: female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (USNMENT01589343–USNM). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269054/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">31</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFD9FFA1F341D312E" box="[528,558,1511,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[221,1373,965,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-72@42.[211,1377,960,1908]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 36. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (DZ 3969–DZUP). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269064/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFDB5FA1F346A312E" box="[570,601,1511,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,960,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-66@47.[189,1398,960,1908]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 41. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (OM 41.943–DZUP–OM). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269076/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">41</figureCitation>
). The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFCECFA103274312E" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[867,1095,1511,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFCECFA103274312E" box="[867,1095,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFBC1FA1F328B312E" bold="true" box="[1102,1208,1511,1537]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6F7D5BFBC1FA1F328B312E" box="[1102,1208,1511,1537]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was not examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B6F7D5BFF48F9F334EF30D6" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6F7D5BFF48F9F334043046" blockId="38.[151,1437,1295,2042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF48F9F3377C310A" bold="true" box="[199,335,1547,1573]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Comments.</emphasis>
FW, length of the available female:
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6F7D5BFD53F9F3351F3109" box="[732,812,1547,1574]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" unit="mm" value="57.0">57 mm</quantity>
. Since its description,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFBAEF9F43337310A" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1057,1284,1547,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFBAEF9F43337310A" box="[1057,1284,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFA86F9F33341310A" bold="true" box="[1289,1394,1547,1573]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6F7D5BFA86F9F33341310A" box="[1289,1394,1547,1573]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has been treated as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFE75F9C834D23166" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[506,737,1584,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFE75F9C834D23166" box="[506,737,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFC87F9C835993166" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[776,938,1584,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC87F9C835993166" box="[776,938,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC3DF9D732133166" bold="true" box="[946,1056,1583,1609]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
However, the wing color pattern, the morphology of the male genitalia, and the molecular data allow us to change the status to the species level.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFF18F980374831BE" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[151,379,1655,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF18F980374831BE" box="[151,379,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFE0EF98F37D831BE" bold="true" box="[385,491,1655,1681]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6F7D5BFE0EF98F37D831BE" box="[385,491,1655,1681]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has a wing color pattern similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFCFCF980327531BE" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[883,1094,1655,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFCFCF980327531BE" box="[883,1094,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFBC3F98F328B31BE" bold="true" box="[1100,1208,1655,1681]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
, mainly in the VFW rusty red band between M
<subScript id="17BBF6468B6F7D5BFE35F95637F13193" attach="left" box="[442,450,1710,1724]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">1</subScript>
and M
<subScript id="17BBF6468B6F7D5BFD9EF956342A3193" attach="left" box="[529,537,1710,1724]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">3</subScript>
, and also occurs in similar high elevations (
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6F7D5BFB8DF9633283319A" box="[1026,1200,1691,1718]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.125" metricValueMax="2.25" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" unit="m" value="2.125" valueMax="2.25" valueMin="2.0">
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B6F7D5BFB8DF96332713199" box="[1026,1090,1691,1718]" degrees="2,000" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" precision="55" value="2.0">2,000</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B6F7D5BFBCEF96332A33199" box="[1089,1168,1691,1718]" degrees="2,250" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" precision="55" value="-2.25">–2,250</geoCoordinate>
m
</quantity>
). However, the VFW and VHW ripple pattern differs: while
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFDCAF938351A31F6" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[581,809,1727,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFDCAF938351A31F6" box="[581,809,1727,1753]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFCA0F94735AA31F6" bold="true" box="[815,921,1727,1753]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6F7D5BFCA0F94735AA31F6" box="[815,921,1727,1753]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has this ripple pattern strongly and irregularly arranged,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFE86F91C37EC31D2" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[265,479,1763,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFE86F91C37EC31D2" box="[265,479,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFE68F91B346431D2" bold="true" box="[487,599,1763,1789]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
has the VFW and VHW with a ripple pattern finely and homogeneously arranged. Comparing the DNA barcode sequence provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6F7D5BFCD9F8FF32BB300E" author="Matos-Maravi, P. &amp; Wahlberg, N. &amp; Freitas, A. V. L. &amp; DeVries, P. &amp; Antonelli, A. &amp; Penz, C. M." box="[854,1160,1799,1826]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" pagination="704 - 724" refId="ref33761" refString="Matos-Maravi, P., Wahlberg, N., Freitas, A. V. L., DeVries, P., Antonelli, A. &amp; Penz, C. M. (2021) Mesoamerica is a cradle and the Atlantic Forest is a museum of Neotropical butterfly diversity: insights from the evolution and biogeography of Brassolini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 133 (3), 704 - 724. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / biolinnean / blab 034" type="journal article" year="2021">
Matos-Maraví
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC71F8F0321C300E" box="[1022,1071,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
. (2021)
</bibRefCitation>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFB37F8F033AE300E" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1208,1437,1799,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFB37F8F033AE300E" box="[1208,1437,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF18F8D33730306A" bold="true" box="[151,259,1835,1861]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6F7D5BFF18F8D33730306A" box="[151,259,1835,1861]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
with the sequence obtained here for
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFD2BF8D4354B306A" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[676,888,1835,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFD2BF8D4354B306A" box="[676,888,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC0FF8D335DD306A" bold="true" box="[896,1006,1835,1861]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
, the divergence found agrees with the differences found in the morphology.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6F7D5BFF48F88B343130A2" blockId="38.[151,1437,1295,2042]" box="[199,514,1907,1933]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF48F88B37B630A2" bold="true" box="[199,389,1907,1933]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Natural history.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6F7D5BFF48F86F37E730F9" blockId="38.[151,1437,1295,2042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF48F86F346F309E" bold="true" box="[199,604,1943,1969]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
Geographic distribution.
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6F7D5BFE7AF86F346F309E" box="[501,604,1943,1969]" name="Ecuador" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6F7D5BFDE5F86F349E309E" box="[618,685,1943,1969]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Napo</collectingRegion>
);
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFD4FF86F34C9309E" bold="true" box="[704,762,1943,1969]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6F7D5BFD4FF86F34C9309E" box="[704,762,1943,1969]" name="Peru" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Peru</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(Amazonas,
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6F7D5BFC02F86F35FC309E" box="[909,975,1943,1969]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Junín</collectingRegion>
);
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC6EF86F3206309E" bold="true" box="[993,1077,1943,1969]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6F7D5BFC6EF86F3206309E" box="[993,1077,1943,1969]" name="Bolivia" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(La Paz) (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFB26F86F32CF309E" box="[1193,1276,1943,1969]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1089]" captionTargetId="figure-17@35.[189,1398,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 28. Geographical distribution of Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851), Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov., Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest., and Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest. Asterisk (*) and at (@) inside the sampled locality indicate that the geographical distribution data was retrieved from the bibliography and iNaturalist (www. inaturalist.org), respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269048/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
), at elevations between 2,000 and
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6F7D5BFEFEF84337E330F9" box="[369,464,1979,2006]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" unit="m" value="2.25">2,250 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6F7D5BFF48F82734EF30D6" blockId="38.[151,1437,1295,2042]" box="[199,732,2015,2042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF48F82737E430D6" bold="true" box="[199,471,2015,2041]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Temporal distribution.</emphasis>
January, July, October.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF40A48B8B6E7D5AFF18FAD937283272" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269056" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13269056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269056/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" startId="39.[151,250,1313,1337]" targetBox="[192,1391,189,1289]" targetPageId="39" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6E7D5AFF18FAD937283272" blockId="39.[151,1436,1313,1373]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFF18FAD937133216" bold="true" box="[151,288,1313,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">FIGURE 32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6E7D5AFEA8FADA34B13216" authority="Stichel, 1908" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[295,642,1313,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFEA8FADA37C53216" box="[295,502,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6E7D5AFE73FAD934B13216" author="Stichel, H." box="[508,642,1313,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFD07FAD934DA3216" bold="true" box="[648,745,1313,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6E7D5AFD07FAD934DA3216" box="[648,745,1313,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Male lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6E7D5AFC25FADA324A3216" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[938,1145,1313,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFC25FADA324A3216" box="[938,1145,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFBF0FAD932EC3216" bold="true" box="[1151,1247,1313,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6E7D5AFBF0FAD932EC3216" box="[1151,1247,1313,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFB62FAD933333216" bold="true" box="[1261,1280,1313,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">a.</emphasis>
dorsal view,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFA07FAD933AF3216" bold="true" box="[1416,1436,1313,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">b.</emphasis>
ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B6E7D5AFF48FA57323C318E" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6E7D5AFF48FA5735B832E5" blockId="39.[151,1437,1455,1698]" box="[199,907,1455,1482]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFF48FA57377D32E6" bold="true" box="[199,334,1455,1481]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Etymology.</emphasis>
Possibly named after
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6E7D5AFDC8FA5734E732E5" authority="II" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[583,724,1455,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces">Pharnaces II</taxonomicName>
, king of Pontus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6E7D5AFF48FA2B323C318E" blockId="39.[151,1437,1455,1698]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFF48FA2B37F432C2" bold="true" box="[199,455,1491,1517]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B57FE5E8B6E7D5AFE40FA2B3730311A" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="F. Johnson" country="Ecuador" location="Ecuador Oriente" municipality="Photos" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE46E798B6E7D5AFE40FA2B342832C2" box="[463,539,1491,1517]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Photos</collectingMunicipality>
of the
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B6E7D5AFDE3FA2B34E032C2" box="[620,723,1491,1517]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6E7D5AFD76FA2C326F32C2" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" box="[761,1116,1491,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="macrosiris" subSpecies="pharnaces">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFD76FA2C326F32C2" box="[761,1116,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Dynastor macrosiris pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6E7D5AFBE3FA2B32F332C2" box="[1132,1216,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox="[192,1391,189,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-17@39.[189,1398,181,1289]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 32. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov. Male lectotype of Dynastor pharnaces stat. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269056/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
), and the following specimens:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFE91FA0F379F313E" bold="true" box="[286,428,1527,1553]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6E7D5AFE91FA0F379F313E" box="[286,428,1527,1553]" name="Ecuador" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFE31FA0F34B8313E" bold="true" box="[446,651,1527,1553]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<location id="8EE0A2D88B6E7D5AFE31FA0F34B8313E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039645158B6D7D5AFF18FA6C323C318E:8EE0A2D88B6E7D5AFE31FA0F34B8313E" box="[446,651,1527,1553]" country="Ecuador" municipality="Photos" name="Ecuador Oriente" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Ecuador Oriente</location>
</emphasis>
—no locality,
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6E7D5AFCBEFA0F35AB313E" box="[817,920,1527,1553]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, ex-coll.
<collectorName id="26CA91D58B6E7D5AFB89FA0032B7313E" box="[1030,1156,1527,1554]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">F. Johnson</collectorName>
, AMNH_IZC 00352907 (
<collectionCode id="ED2E6CC68B6E7D5AFF10F9E336C8311A" box="[159,251,1563,1589]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B57FE5E8B6E7D5AFE84F9E333AB311A" box="[267,1432,1563,1590]" collectingDate="2009-01-13" collectorName="H. F. Greeney" country="Ecuador" location="Estacion Biologica Yanayacu" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Napo" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFE84F9E33778311A" bold="true" box="[267,331,1563,1589]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6E7D5AFE84F9E33778311A" box="[267,331,1563,1589]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Napo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
—
<location id="8EE0A2D88B6E7D5AFEE7F9E3349D3119" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039645158B6D7D5AFF18FA6C323C318E:8EE0A2D88B6E7D5AFEE7F9E3349D3119" box="[360,686,1563,1590]" country="Ecuador" name="Estacion Biologica Yanayacu" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" stateProvince="Napo">Estación Biológica Yanayacu</location>
,
<date id="FF81D2C38B6E7D5AFD38F9E3351A311A" box="[695,809,1563,1589]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" value="2009-01-13">
<collectingDate id="EFC52B2B8B6E7D5AFD38F9E3351A311A" box="[695,809,1563,1589]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" value="2009-01-13">13-I-2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6E7D5AFCBCF9E335A6311A" box="[819,917,1563,1589]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="26CA91D58B6E7D5AFC11F9E43204311A" box="[926,1079,1563,1590]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">H. F. Greeney</collectorName>
leg. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6E7D5AFBFDF9E333A3311A" author="Matos-Maravi, P. &amp; Wahlberg, N. &amp; Freitas, A. V. L. &amp; DeVries, P. &amp; Antonelli, A. &amp; Penz, C. M." box="[1138,1424,1563,1589]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" pagination="704 - 724" refId="ref33761" refString="Matos-Maravi, P., Wahlberg, N., Freitas, A. V. L., DeVries, P., Antonelli, A. &amp; Penz, C. M. (2021) Mesoamerica is a cradle and the Atlantic Forest is a museum of Neotropical butterfly diversity: insights from the evolution and biogeography of Brassolini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 133 (3), 704 - 724. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / biolinnean / blab 034" type="journal article" year="2021">
Matos-Maraví
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFA96F9E4337C311A" box="[1305,1359,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B57FE5E8B6E7D5AFF18F9C733A43176" box="[151,1431,1598,1626]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="F. Johnson" country="Peru" location="Chanchamayo" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Junin" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFF18F9C736D03176" bold="true" box="[151,227,1599,1625]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6E7D5AFF18F9C736D03176" box="[151,227,1599,1625]" name="Peru" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">PERU</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFF7AF9C6370A3176" bold="true" box="[245,313,1598,1625]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6E7D5AFF7AF9C6370A3176" box="[245,313,1598,1625]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Junín</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
—
<location id="8EE0A2D88B6E7D5AFED8F9C737CA3176" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039645158B6D7D5AFF18FA6C323C318E:8EE0A2D88B6E7D5AFED8F9C737CA3176" box="[343,505,1599,1625]" country="Peru" name="Chanchamayo" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" stateProvince="Junin">Chanchamayo</location>
,
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6E7D5AFD88F9C734423176" box="[519,625,1599,1625]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
*, ex-coll.
<collectorName id="26CA91D58B6E7D5AFD65F9B835543176" box="[746,871,1599,1626]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">F. Johnson</collectorName>
, USNMENT01589343 (
<collectionCode id="ED2E6CC68B6E7D5AFBF0F9C732E53176" box="[1151,1238,1599,1625]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
); (
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6E7D5AFB79F9B833BF3176" authority="Pichita" authorityName="Pichita" box="[1270,1420,1599,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Mina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFB79F9B833BF3176" box="[1270,1420,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Mina Pichita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B57FE5E8B6E7D5AFF18F99B358D3152" box="[151,958,1635,1662]" collectingDate="1989-10-16" collectingDateMax="1989-10-17" collectingDateMin="1989-10-16" collectionCode="MUSM" collectorName="Casagrande &amp; Mielke" country="Peru" elevation="2000" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Junin" typeStatus="lectotype">
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6E7D5AFF18F99B36C13151" box="[151,242,1635,1662]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" unit="m" value="2000.0">
<elevation id="001213308B6E7D5AFF18F99B36C13151" box="[151,242,1635,1662]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF81D2C38B6E7D5AFE8EF99B379A3152" box="[257,425,1635,1661]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" value="1989-10-16" valueMax="1989-10-17" valueMin="1989-10-16">
<collectingDate id="EFC52B2B8B6E7D5AFE8EF99B379A3152" box="[257,425,1635,1661]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" value="1989-10-16" valueMax="1989-10-17" valueMin="1989-10-16">16–17-X-1989</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6E7D5AFE38F99B343A3152" box="[439,521,1635,1661]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="26CA91D58B6E7D5AFD98F99B34A93152" box="[535,666,1635,1661]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Casagrande</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26CA91D58B6E7D5AFD4AF99B35273152" box="[709,788,1635,1661]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Mielke</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED2E6CC68B6E7D5AFCD5F99B35853152" box="[858,950,1635,1661]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">MUSM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B57FE5E8B6E7D5AFC43F99B323F318E" collectingDate="2005-07-18" collectionCode="MUSM" collectorName="B. Calderon" country="Peru" elevation="2250" latitude="-6.2833333" location="Amazonas - San Jose de Molinopampa" longLatPrecision="1304" longitude="-77.55" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Junin" typeStatus="lectotype">
<location id="8EE0A2D88B6E7D5AFC43F99B33AB3152" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039645158B6D7D5AFF18FA6C323C318E:8EE0A2D88B6E7D5AFC43F99B33AB3152" box="[972,1432,1635,1661]" country="Peru" latitude="-6.2833333" longLatPrecision="1304" longitude="-77.55" name="Amazonas - San Jose de Molinopampa" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" stateProvince="Junin">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFC43F99B327B3152" bold="true" box="[972,1096,1635,1661]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Amazonas</emphasis>
—San José de Molinopampa
</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B6E7D5AFF18F97F36C6318E" box="[151,245,1671,1697]" degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" precision="925" value="-6.2833333">06°17’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B6E7D5AFE8EF97F375B318E" box="[257,360,1671,1697]" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" precision="925" value="-77.55">77°33’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6E7D5AFEFBF97F37F8318D" box="[372,459,1671,1698]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" unit="m" value="2250.0">
<elevation id="001213308B6E7D5AFEFBF97F37F8318D" box="[372,459,1671,1698]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" unit="m" value="2250.0">2250 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF81D2C38B6E7D5AFE59F97F3454318D" box="[470,615,1671,1698]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" value="2005-07-18">
<collectingDate id="EFC52B2B8B6E7D5AFE59F97F3454318D" box="[470,615,1671,1698]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" value="2005-07-18">18-VII-2005</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6E7D5AFDFDF97F34E5318E" box="[626,726,1671,1697]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="26CA91D58B6E7D5AFD6EF970355A318E" box="[737,873,1671,1698]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">B. Calderón</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED2E6CC68B6E7D5AFC27F97F3237318E" box="[936,1028,1671,1697]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">MUSM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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