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<mods:title id="4BC26978B0F985BAE6B50817176AA0DE">Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0C50899FFB3774C5264A4F967F478F21">Al-Handal, Adil Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="733813B3C664C9C89284BEC5C6DF6B5C">Thomas, Evan W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D75CE116BF24B595ACA6D52D4506DBEC">Biology Department, Waubonsee Community College, Sugar Grove, Illinois, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9153471B9FE82DE6509EF720442A6848">Pennesi, Chiara</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="03B4CDF4F368FF1BF61D5854DA93AE55">Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italia</mods:affiliation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9AF12CFF992F63FF61F2F3FD8CFD72" author="Brightwell, T." box="[136,610,735,760]" page=")" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" year="1860">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BACBEFF992F63FF61F2F3FD8CFD72" authority="Brightwell (1860: 96)" authorityName="Brightwell" authorityPageNumber="96" authorityYear="1860" box="[136,610,735,760]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Stephanodiscaceae" genus="Cyclotella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Thalassiosirales" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="stylorum">
<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF992F63FF61F2F3FE89FD72" bold="true" box="[136,359,735,760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Cyclotella stylorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF992F63FE87F2F3FD8CFD72" author="Brightwell, T." box="[366,610,735,760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" pagination="93 - 96" refId="ref22592" refString="Brightwell, T. (1860) On some of the rare or undescribed species of Diatomaceae. Part II. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 8: 93 - 96." type="journal article" year="1860">Brightwell (1860: 96)</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="1300CBB8FF992F63FD9BF2F3FD5AFD72" box="[626,692,735,760]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–10" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1990,2011]" captionTargetBox="[212,1399,216,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[177,1412,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2–10. Marine benthic diatoms in the coral reefs off Basra. Fig. 2. Cyclotella striata, Fig. 3. Cyclotella stylorum, Fig. 4. Tryblioptychus cocconeiformis, Figs 5, 6. Podosira stelliger, Fig. 7. Paralia sulcata, Fig. 8. Coscinodiscus centralis, Fig. 9. Coscinodiscus marginatus, Fig. 10. Triceratium robertsianum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13728826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13728826/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF992F63FF61F32AFF1EFC91" box="[136,240,774,795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">References</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF992F63FF17F32AFE73FC91" author="Brightwell, T." box="[254,413,774,795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" pagination="93 - 96" refId="ref22592" refString="Brightwell, T. (1860) On some of the rare or undescribed species of Diatomaceae. Part II. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 8: 93 - 96." type="journal article" year="1860">Brightwell 1860</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 6, fig. 16; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF992F63FDC4F32AFC9DFC91" author="Krammer, K. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H." box="[557,883,774,795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" refId="ref25213" refString="Krammer, K. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991) Bacillariophyceae. III. Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. In: Ettl, H., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H. &amp; Mollenhauer, D. (Eds) Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Band 2 / 3. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena, pp. 576." type="journal volume" year="1991">Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot 1991</bibRefCitation>
, p. 46, pl. 59, fig. 6; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF992F63FBD6F32AFB1EFC91" author="Desikachary, T. V." box="[1087,1264,774,795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" refId="ref22937" refString="Desikachary, T. V. (1988) Marine diatoms of the Indian Ocean region. Atlas of diatoms. Fascicle V. Madras Science Foundation, Madras, 234 pp." type="book" year="1988">Desikachary 1988</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 560, figs 1,2,5, 10; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF992F63FF0BF306FE87FCB5" author="Hendey, N. I." box="[226,361,810,831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" pagination="101 - 168" refId="ref24607" refString="Hendey, N. I. (1970) Some littoral diatoms of Kuwait. Nova Hedwigia 31: 101 - 168" type="journal article" year="1970">Hendey, 1970</bibRefCitation>
, p.112, pl. 6, fig. 68.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF992F63FF61F343FF04FC02" box="[136,234,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Features</emphasis>
: Diameter 36–60 μm, marginal striae 
<quantity id="4CC37AD8FF992F63FD7EF343FD14FC02" box="[663,762,879,904]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" unit="in" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 in</quantity>
10 μm.
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF992F63FF54F3BFFEAFFC26" box="[189,321,915,940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Description</emphasis>
: Valves circular, central area slightly undulate to nearly flat, coarsely punctate. Marginal striae radiate, occupy 1/3 the distance to valve center.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94F0B2FFF992F63FF54F3F7FE34FC7E" box="[189,474,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Ecology and Distribution</emphasis>
: Widely distributed brackish water and marine species, more common in warm waters. Previously known from the Gulf (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAAACCFF992F63FDEAF3D3FD70FB92" author="Hendey, N. I." box="[515,670,1023,1048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" pagination="101 - 168" refId="ref24607" refString="Hendey, N. I. (1970) Some littoral diatoms of Kuwait. Nova Hedwigia 31: 101 - 168" type="journal article" year="1970">Hendey 1970</bibRefCitation>
). Frequent in 
<collectingRegion id="49FF19DFFF992F63FCD0F3D3FC97FB92" box="[825,889,1023,1048]" country="Iraq" name="Al Basrah" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Basra</collectingRegion>
corals.
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