<documentID-CLB-Dataset="32923"ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.99.90117"ID-GBIF-Dataset="67959317-d05f-4da0-8a9e-7c3ede9a73ba"ID-PMC="PMC10442789"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-99-45"ID-Pensoft-UUID="47D9DA3E1C56567CA14356476272F738"ID-PubMed="37614655"ModsDocID="1314-4049-99-45"checkinTime="1692098463846"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Itagaki, Hiyori & Hosoya, Tsuyoshi"docDate="2023"docId="977958E80407518EA7A39A6130E4F002"docLanguage="en"docName="MycoKeys 99: 45-85"docOrigin="MycoKeys 99"docPubDate="2023-08-14"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.99.90117"docTitle="Neobelonopsis Itagaki & Hosoya 2023, gen. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="4"id="47D9DA3E1C56567CA14356476272F738"lastPageNumber="45"masterDocId="47D9DA3E1C56567CA14356476272F738"masterDocTitle="A new genus Neobelonopsis and two new species of Trichobelonium (Helotiales, Ascomycota) discovered mainly from poaceous grasses native to Asia in Japan"masterLastPageNumber="85"masterPageNumber="45"pageNumber="45"updateTime="1732664856947"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="81F89C4BC84862E953B919E9461F6885">A new genus Neobelonopsis and two new species of Trichobelonium (Helotiales, Ascomycota) discovered mainly from poaceous grasses native to Asia in Japan</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="56D740F73FF90E05E794831EA802AFF7">Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1, Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 - 0005, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="3FB4B85ED1EF604AA93944813807734A">Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1, Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 - 0005, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="571F8557450A554053790D5B4E0F31FF"LSID="977958E8-0407-518E-A7A3-9A6130E4F002"authority="Itagaki & Hosoya"authorityName="Itagaki & Hosoya"authorityYear="2023"class="Leotiomycetes"family="Mollisiaceae"genus="Neobelonopsis"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Fungi"lsidName="Neobelonopsis"order="Helotiales"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"phylum="Ascomycota"rank="genus"status="gen. nov.">Neobelonopsis Itagaki & Hosoya</taxonomicName>
<figureCitationid="884C102A8813700CF42B4F28D7D8CE1B"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Neobelonopsis acutata (TNS-F- 86648, holotype) A fresh apothecia on the decaying culm of Miscanthus sinensis B dried apothecia C stromata with sparse subiculum D one month old colony on PDA E vertical section of the apothecium (in LA) F refractive vacuoles in fresh marginal cells (in water) G asci with ascospores (in CB / LA) H paraphyses (in CB / LA) I paraphyses with a long refractive vacuole (in water) J blue-stained apical pore of ascus (in Melzer's solution after 3 % KOH pretreatment) K croziers at the base of ascus (in CB / LA) L ascospores (in CB / LA) M conidia (in water) N, O conidiophores (in water) P bulbile (in CB / LA) Q subicular hyphae (in CB / LA). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C); 25 μm (E, Q); 10 μm (F-P)."figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.99.90117.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892419"pageId="0"pageNumber="45">Figs 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="6CEB41A91AEFE97393D0CC31288FF987"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Neobelonopsis bicolor (TNS-F- 86605, holotype) A fresh apothecia on decaying unidentified wood (TNS-F- 86666) B dried apothecia with yellowish disc and blackish flask (TNS-F- 86666) C dried apothecia with greyish discs D vertical section of the apothecium (TNS-F- 86666, in LA) E hyaline medullary excipulum (TNS-F- 86666, in LA) F brown medullary excipulum G ascospores (in CB / LA) H blue-stained apical pore of asci (in Melzer's solution after 3 % KOH pretreatment) I croziers at the base of asci (in CB / LA) J asci with ascospores (in CB / LA) K paraphyses (in CB / LA) L one month old colony on PDA M dark, gelatinous hyphal mass on CMA N monilioid hyphae surrounded by a gelatinous sheath (in diluted black ink) O octahedron crystals with monilioid hyphae on CMA (in water) P monilioid hyphae containing abundant guttles (in water). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, M); 0.5 mm (B, C); 50 μm (D-F); 25 μm (N, O); 10 μm (G-K, P)."figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.99.90117.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892420"pageId="0"pageNumber="45">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="806FB5CAFE752A9F8B40FD21CA63D2AC"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Neobelonopsis cinnabarina (TNS-F- 86682, holotype) A fresh apothecia on the decaying culm of Miscanthus sinensis B immature apothecium protruding from the stroma C dried apothecia D one month old colony on PDA E texture of stroma (in LA) F vertical section of the apothecium (in LA) G yellowish reflective vacuoles in fresh paraphyses (in water) H yellowish vacuoles in outermost cells of fresh ectal excipulum (in water) I immature ascus with yellowish cytoplasm (in water) J ascospores with yellowish cytoplasm (in water) K apothecium that dissolved magenta pigments when immersed in 3 % KOH L outermost cells that turned magenta (in 3 % KOH) M fresh paraphyses that turned magenta, note that the tips have a darker color (in 3 % KOH) N ascospores (in CB / LA) O asci with ascospores (in CB / LA) P paraphyses with wide, blunt head (in CB / LA) Q blue-stained apical pore of ascus (in Melzer's solution after 3 % KOH pretreatment) R crozier at the base of ascus (in CB / LA); S collapse conidiophores with slimy conidial drops on CMA (arrows) T hyphae with oblong-shape crystals on CMA U conidia (in water) V clusters of conidiophores (in water) W, X discrete conidiophores (in water). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, S); 0.1 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C); 50 μm (F-H, M, T, V); 20 μm (E); 10 μm (I, J, L, N-R, U, W, X)."figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.99.90117.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892421"pageId="0"pageNumber="45">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="49685220D40FC4D437D988E302C8BC29"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F6"captionText="Figure 6. Neobelonopsis didymospora (TNS-F- 13501, holotype) A fresh apothecia on decaying Bamboo culm B dried apothecia on decaying Bamboo culm C fresh apothecia on decaying unidentified wood (TNS-F- 86670) D dried apothecia on decaying unidentified wood (TNS-F- 86670) E vertical section of the apothecium (in LA) F reflective vacuoles in fresh marginal cells (in water) G vertical section at the basal apothecium (in lactic acid) H ascospores (in CB / LA) I asci with ascospores (in CB / LA) J paraphyses (in CB / LA) K fresh paraphyses with long refractive vacuoles (in water) L blue-stained apical pore of ascus (in Melzer's solution after 3 % KOH pretreatment) M crozier at the base of ascus (in CB / LA) N three months old colony on PDA O clusters of conidiophores (in CB / LA) P-S conidiophores with conidia (in CB / LA). Scale bars: 1 mm (A-D); 50 μm (E); 20 μm (O), 10 μm (F-M, P-S)."figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.99.90117.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892422"pageId="0"pageNumber="45">, 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="72CDD1E69FDC93FB0F64018889F0A42A"captionStart="Figure 7"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 7. Neobelonopsis microspora (TNS-F- 18068, holotype) A dried apothecia on the decaying culm of Sasa sp. B immature apothecia protruding from the stromata (arrows) C vertical section of the apothecium (in LA) D ascospores (in CB / LA) E asci with ascospores (in CB / LA) F paraphyses (in CB / LA) G blue-stained apical pore of asci (in Melzer's solution after 3 % KOH pretreatment) H, I croziers at the base of asci (in CB / LA) J conidiophores with pigmented collarets K conidiophores. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 50 μm (C); 10 μm (D-K)."figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.99.90117.figure7"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892423"pageId="0"pageNumber="45">, 7</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="209F3138C93DA743C342F6593661302E"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F8"captionText="Figure 8. Neobelonopsis multiguttata (TNS-F- 86402, holotype) A fresh apothecia on decaying culm of Sasa kurilensis B dried apothecia C stromata with sparse subiculum D vertical section of apothecium (in LA) E ascospores (in CB / LA) F asci with ascospores (in CB / LA) G paraphyses (in CB / LA) H blue-stained apical pore of ascus (in Melzer's solution after 3 % KOH pretreatment) I croziers at the base of asci (in CB / LA) J texture of stroma (in LA) K subicular hyphae (in lactic acid) L three months old colony on PDA M conidia (in CB / LA) N-R conidiophores, arrows in N indicated conidiogenous cells (in CB / LA). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-C); 50 μm (D, K); 20 μm (N), 10 μm (E-J, M, O-R)."figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.99.90117.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892424"pageId="0"pageNumber="45">, 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="653F71783034DAEDC9DCAAB1965E18C3"captionStart="Figure 9"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 9. Neobelonopsis obtusa (TNS-F- 15602, holotype) A fresh apothecia on decaying unidentified wood B fresh apothecia during moist conditions C dried apothecia D vertical section of the apothecium (in LA) E refractive vacuoles in fresh marginal cells (in water) F vertical section at the basal apothecium (in LA) G ascospores (in CB / LA) H asci with ascospores (in CB / LA) I paraphyses (in CB / LA) J fresh paraphyses with long refractive vacuoles (in water) K blue-stained apical pore of ascus (in Melzer's solution after 3 % KOH pretreatment) L croziers at the base of asci (in CB / LA) M three months old colony on PDA N conidiophores with conidia (in water). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.5 mm (B); 50 μm (D); 10 μm (E-L, N)."figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.99.90117.figure9"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892425"pageId="0"pageNumber="45">, 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="7BC159DCF1281950A5D8191FC8E5D0F1"captionStart="Figure 10"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figure 10. Neobelonopsis ramosa (TNS-F- 86030, holotype) A dried apothecia on the decaying culm of Sasa sp. B stromata with sparse subiculum C vertical section of the apothecium (in LA) D asci (in CB / LA) E paraphyses (in CB / LA) F ascospores (in CB / LA) G blue-stained apical pore of asci (in Melzer's solution after 3 % KOH pretreatment) H croziers at the base of asci (in CB / LA) I subicular hyphae (in LA) J texture of stroma (in LA) K three months old colony on PDA. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.25 mm (B); 50 μm (C, I); 20 μm (J); 10 μm (D-H)."figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.99.90117.figure10"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892426"pageId="0"pageNumber="45">, 10</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="E3C78A3A43003E3AFEB791A79E46AE1A"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Trichobelonium albobarbatum (TNS-F- 86430, holotype) A fresh apothecia on the decaying culm of unidentified grass (Poaceae) B dried apothecium with hyaline connective hyphae C protruding immature apothecia from the stromata D vertical section of the apothecium (in LA) E crystals in medullary excipulum (in LA) F connecting hyphae between ectal excipulum and subiculum (in LA) G texture of the stroma (in LA) H ascospores (in CB / LA) I ascus with mature ascospores (in CB / LA) J ascus with immature ascospores (in CB / LA) K immature ascus containing yellowish oil globes in the cytoplasm (in CB / LA) L paraphysis (in CB / LA) M rehydrated paraphysis with fragmented refractive vacuoles (in water) N blue-stained apical pore of ascus (in Melzer's solution after 3 % KOH pretreatment) O croziers at the base of asci (in CB / LA) P three months old colony on PDA Q yellow crystals formed on hyphae R acicular crystals (in water) S-V conidiophores with conidia (in CB / LA); W hyphae with exudates (in CB / LA). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, Q); 0.25 mm (B, C); 50 μm (D-F); 20 μm (R); 10 μm (G, H-O, S-W)."figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.99.90117.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892427"pageId="0"pageNumber="45">, 11</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="BBC91194B5A00534A2DF9115468CC670"captionStart="Figure 12"captionStartId="F12"captionText="Figure 12. Trichobelonium miscanthi (TNS-F- 17835, holotype) A fresh apothecia on the decaying culm of Miscanthus sinensis B dried apothecia with stromata (arrows) C brown connective hyphae extending from the base of fresh apothecium D texture of stroma (in LA) E conidiophore (in LA) F vertical section of the apothecium (in LA) G fresh outermost cells of ectal excipulum with refractive vacuoles (in water) H ascospores (in CB / LA) I fresh ascospores with droplets (in water) J blue-stained apical pore of ascus (in Melzer's solution after 3 % KOH pretreatment) K croziers at the base of ascus (in CB / LA) L long refractive vacuoles in fresh paraphysis (in water) M branching paraphysis (in CB / LA) N immature ascus containing oil globes in the cytoplasm (in CB / LA) O ascus with mature ascospores (in CB / LA) P immature ascus (in water) Q ascus with ascospores (in water) R one month old colony on PDA S pale yellow crystals formed on the edge of the colony T acicular crystals (in water) U hyphal mass attached to the bottom of the Petri dish V-X swollen cells with melanized appressorium-like structure. Scale bars: 1 mm (S); 0.5 mm (A, B); 0.25 mm (C); 50 μm (F, U); 20 μm (G, T); 10 μm (D, E, H-Q, V-X)."figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.99.90117.figure12"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892428"pageId="0"pageNumber="45">, 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="BEC0BCFAF9464063D72D66CF9A47A55B"captionStart="Figure 13"captionStartId="F13"captionText="Figure 13. Line-drawings of the Neobelonopsis and Trichobelonium species I vertical section of the apothecium showing the marginal structure of ectal excipulum, medullary excipulum, and hymenium II asci III paraphyses IV ascospores. Scale bars: 10 μm."figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.99.90117.figure13"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892429"pageId="0"pageNumber="45">, 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="1AA97EB7414ED2FAEC9BDD875870C667"captionStart="Figure 14"captionStartId="F14"captionText="Figure 14. Asexual morph and hyphal structures of the Neobelonopsis and Trichobelonium species A conidiophores of N. acutata B monilioid hyphae of N. bicolor C conidiophores with conidia of N. cinnabarina D conidiophores with conidia of N. didymospora E conidiophores with conidia of N. microspora F conidiophores with conidia of N. multiguttata G conidiophores with conidia of N. obtusa H conidiophores with conidia of T. albobarbatum I hyphal mass with melanized appressorium-like structure of T. miscanthi. Scale bars: 10 μm."figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.99.90117.figure14"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/892430"pageId="0"pageNumber="45">, 14</figureCitation>
by longer ascospores with (0-)1-3 septa, the color contrast between white hymenium and dark receptacle, and its preference for graminicolous habitats such as the culms of
<taxonomicNameid="BA522A6142266B7B9BF96F99CFC8A8BC"authorityName="Itagaki & Hosoya"authorityYear="2023"class="Leotiomycetes"family="Mollisiaceae"genus="Neobelonopsis"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Fungi"lsidName="Neobelonopsis acutata"order="Helotiales"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"phylum="Ascomycota"rank="species"species="acutata">
<taxonomicNameid="8209C6B566F66C763CDABA1FC8DC91D4"authorityName="Itagaki & Hosoya"authorityYear="2023"class="Leotiomycetes"family="Mollisiaceae"genus="Neobelonopsis"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Fungi"lsidName="Neobelonopsis multiguttata"order="Helotiales"pageId="0"pageNumber="45"phylum="Ascomycota"rank="species"species="multiguttata">
scattered to gregarious, superficial, sometimes developed from scuta developed from poorly developed subiculum, globose to pulvinate when immature, discoid to saucer-shape when mature, flat to concave, sometimes seated on thinly subiculum, sessile, with brown to blackish receptacle; disc entire to sinuate, without hairs, waxy, often white to pale gray when fresh (rarely reddish orange), turning yellowish when dried. Ectal excipulum
, not gelatinized, without crystals or exudates, composed of 2-3 cell layers of brown thick-walled cells, brown, becoming darker toward the cortical cells; medullary excipulum
ellipsoid to fusiform(-subcylindrical), with obtuse-subacute(-acute) extremes, straight to slightly curved(-sigmoid), thin-walled, 0-3(-4)-septate, with or without guttules, hyaline.
cylindrical to slightly clavate, straight to curved, branched to simple, thin-walled, hyaline, apical cell containing long refractive vacuoles when mounted fresh in water. Conidiogenesis phialidic (resembles that of
