<mods:affiliationid="7CDAFDF8610943EBABB3CEECB1B7A991">Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa & Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="0E3EC9ACE180915DE1E499558FEA5A33">Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="6808F3E2FCE566C828F0725854242249">Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
<bibRefCitationid="9ECAFA75BFC70978CE2E1AD4F71183D4"author="Curran CH"journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History"pagination="167-187"refId="B6"refString="Curran CH (1928) Diptera of the American Museum Congo Expedition. Part III. - Stratiomyidae, Rhagionidae, Therevidae, Scenopinidae, Ortalidae, Micropezidae, Piophilidae, Sepsidae and Diopsidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 58: 167 - 187."title="Diptera of the American Museum Congo Expedition. Part III. - Stratiomyidae, Rhagionidae, Therevidae, Scenopinidae, Ortalidae, Micropezidae, Piophilidae, Sepsidae and Diopsidae."volume="58"year="1928">Curran, 1928</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="7A7DD3811630A031917A81CE235310BD"captionStart="Figures 9–13"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figures 9–13. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. agramma (Bezzi): 9 ♂ (NMSA - DIP 028196) 10 ♀ holotype (NMSA - DIP 028199); S. bezzii (Curran): 11 ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018382) 12 ♀ (SAM-DIP-A 018410); S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov.: 13 a ♀ paratype 1 st flagellomere (CSCA) 13 b ♀ holotype (CSCA). Scale bars: 1 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures9-13"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205864">Figs 11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="7B7387127F6EBAA2BAF3F20858A56B36"captionStart="Figures 9–13"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figures 9–13. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. agramma (Bezzi): 9 ♂ (NMSA - DIP 028196) 10 ♀ holotype (NMSA - DIP 028199); S. bezzii (Curran): 11 ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018382) 12 ♀ (SAM-DIP-A 018410); S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov.: 13 a ♀ paratype 1 st flagellomere (CSCA) 13 b ♀ holotype (CSCA). Scale bars: 1 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures9-13"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205864">12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="F057A9771A2230ED8326DA09EAF09502"captionStart="Figures 37–42"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figures 37–42. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 37 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (BMSA (D) 124627) 38 S. bezzii (Curran) ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018410) 39 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (CSCA) 40 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 83423); S. binominata (Bequaert): 41 holotype ♂ (MLUH) 42 ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158446). 41 Copyright ZNS Halle, January 30, 2024. Abbreviations: br – basal radial cell; bm – basal medial cell; cua – anterior cubital cell; CuA + CuP – anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; d – discal cell; M 1 – first branch of media; m 1 – first medial cell; M 2 – second branch of media; m 2 – second medial cell; M 3 – third branch of media; m 3 – third medial cell; R 1 – anterior branch of radius; r 1 – first radial cell; R 2 + 3 – second branch of radius; r 2 + 3 – second radial cell; R 4 – upper branch of third branch of radius; R 5 – lower branch of third branch of radius; Sc – subcostal vein; sc – subcostal cell. Scale bars: 1 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures37-42"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205872">38</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="C750B6F38BA5C452603968D87863589D"captionStart="Figures 55–62"captionStartId="F13"captionText="Figures 55–62. Suragina Walker spp. male terminalia, ventral view (55–58) and epandrium with cerci, dorsal view (59–62): 55, 59 S. agramma (Bezzi) (ICIPE) 56, 60 S. bezzii (Curran) (SAM-DIP A 018382) 57, 61 S. binominata (Bequaert) (NMSA - DIP 028165) 58, 62 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. paratype (BMSA (D) 83425). Abbreviations: aed tn – aedeagal tine; cerc – cercus; ej apod – ejaculatory apodeme; epand – epandrium; goncx – gonocoxite; goncx apod – gonocoxal apodeme; gonst – gonostylus; pm – paramere; pm apod – parameral apodeme; pm sh – parameral sheath. Scale bar (applicable to all illustrations): 0.6 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures55-62"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205875">57</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="F47E23CF8AE2A439E0F12610F9A6A7A5"captionStart="Figures 55–62"captionStartId="F13"captionText="Figures 55–62. Suragina Walker spp. male terminalia, ventral view (55–58) and epandrium with cerci, dorsal view (59–62): 55, 59 S. agramma (Bezzi) (ICIPE) 56, 60 S. bezzii (Curran) (SAM-DIP A 018382) 57, 61 S. binominata (Bequaert) (NMSA - DIP 028165) 58, 62 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. paratype (BMSA (D) 83425). Abbreviations: aed tn – aedeagal tine; cerc – cercus; ej apod – ejaculatory apodeme; epand – epandrium; goncx – gonocoxite; goncx apod – gonocoxal apodeme; gonst – gonostylus; pm – paramere; pm apod – parameral apodeme; pm sh – parameral sheath. Scale bar (applicable to all illustrations): 0.6 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures55-62"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205875">56</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="BBCC130BCB572FCDFD75914DDCDCC97F"captionStart="Figures 55–62"captionStartId="F13"captionText="Figures 55–62. Suragina Walker spp. male terminalia, ventral view (55–58) and epandrium with cerci, dorsal view (59–62): 55, 59 S. agramma (Bezzi) (ICIPE) 56, 60 S. bezzii (Curran) (SAM-DIP A 018382) 57, 61 S. binominata (Bequaert) (NMSA - DIP 028165) 58, 62 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. paratype (BMSA (D) 83425). Abbreviations: aed tn – aedeagal tine; cerc – cercus; ej apod – ejaculatory apodeme; epand – epandrium; goncx – gonocoxite; goncx apod – gonocoxal apodeme; gonst – gonostylus; pm – paramere; pm apod – parameral apodeme; pm sh – parameral sheath. Scale bar (applicable to all illustrations): 0.6 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures55-62"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205875">60</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="36E42A569435E9AE689AADAE9D1DB6C7"captionStart="Figures 75–87"captionStartId="F16"captionText="Figures 75–87. Suragina Walker spp. female genital fork and spermathecae, ventral view: 75 S. agramma (Bezzi) (ICIPE) 76 S. bezzii (Curran) (SAM-DIP- 018403) 77 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. (CSCA) 78 S. binominata (Bequaert) (NMSA - DIP 158411) 79 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. paratype (BMSA (D) 84686) 80 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. paratype (BMSA (D) 92158) 81 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 82 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. paratype (ICIPE) 83 S. milloti (Séguy) (CSCA) 84 S. monogramma (Bezzi) (BMSA (D) 129988) 85 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. paratype (NMSA - DIP 158392) 86 S. semiobscura Muller, sp. nov. paratype (ICIPE) 87 S. zombaensis Muller, sp. nov. paratype (NMSA - DIP 1584719). Scale bar (applicable to all illustrations): 0.1 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures75-87"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205878">76</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="6F99B3C4AA393E212A6EAD2C21022EF0"author="Curran CH"journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History"pagination="167-187"refId="B6"refString="Curran CH (1928) Diptera of the American Museum Congo Expedition. Part III. - Stratiomyidae, Rhagionidae, Therevidae, Scenopinidae, Ortalidae, Micropezidae, Piophilidae, Sepsidae and Diopsidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 58: 167 - 187."title="Diptera of the American Museum Congo Expedition. Part III. - Stratiomyidae, Rhagionidae, Therevidae, Scenopinidae, Ortalidae, Micropezidae, Piophilidae, Sepsidae and Diopsidae."volume="58"year="1928">Curran, 1928: 172</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="4E372055DDB1F78F5768AB23726CEE83"author="Stuckenberg BR"editor="Crosskey RW"firstAuthor="Stuckenberg"journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London"page="312"pagination="312-313"refId="B23"refString="Stuckenberg BR (1980) 23. Family Athericidae. In: Crosskey RW (Ed.) Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, 312–313."title="23. Family Athericidae."volumeTitle="Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region."year="1980">Stuckenberg 1980: 312</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="64C20D6C8CB29E40341C455A217864C1"DOI="10.1080/00222932908673024"author="Brunetti E"issue="19"journalOrPublisher="Annals & Magazine of Natural History"pagination="1-35"refId="B4"refString="Brunetti E (1929) I. - New African Diptera. Annals & Magazine of Natural History 4 (19): 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932908673024"title="I. - New African Diptera."volume="4"year="1929">Brunetti, 1929: 2</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="F1A06E173E894A3A748EB356480AC04F"author="Stuckenberg BR"editor="Crosskey RW"firstAuthor="Stuckenberg"journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London"page="313"pagination="312-313"refId="B23"refString="Stuckenberg BR (1980) 23. Family Athericidae. In: Crosskey RW (Ed.) Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, 312–313."title="23. Family Athericidae."volumeTitle="Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region."year="1980">Stuckenberg 1980: 313</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</comment>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSectionid="SECID0E2EBG"type="Synonymy of Suragina varicolor (Brunetti, 1929)">
<bibRefCitationid="98E193DEA9C35C1495D24A57F780C6FE"DOI="10.1080/00222932908673024"author="Brunetti E"issue="19"journalOrPublisher="Annals & Magazine of Natural History"pagination="1-35"refId="B4"refString="Brunetti E (1929) I. - New African Diptera. Annals & Magazine of Natural History 4 (19): 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932908673024"title="I. - New African Diptera."volume="4"year="1929">Brunetti, 1929</bibRefCitation>
were examined and compared. There is no marked difference between the two species, apart from slight variation in colour intensity due to different preservation methods. Thus,
<materialsCitationid="C5CA3FD2CDCFAE22BBECD58F5D97F6F6"collectingDate="1914-09-29"collectionCode="AMNH"country="Democratic Republic of the Congo"httpUri="https://emu-prod.amnh.org/imulive/iz/iz.html#details=ecatalogue.10021491"latitude="0.9701666"location="Bengamisa"longLatPrecision="13"longitude="25.210667"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-female="1"typeStatus="holotype">
<locationid="224A2E23E08B9984A4E059B076E5CDAA"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:50AEAD430D13552497579AA544512AEB:224A2E23E08B9984A4E059B076E5CDAA"country="Democratic Republic of the Congo"latitude="0.9701666"longLatPrecision="13"longitude="25.210667"name="Bengamisa">Bengamisa</location>
,
<collectingCountryid="043E54AC8F8237E49442BD85296D47AA"name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Belgian Congo</collectingCountry>
<named-contentid="B82D8E425AE219FEFC151129E3366953"content-type="dwc:institutional_code"xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/american-museum-natural-history"xlink_title="American Museum of Natural History">
<collectionCodeid="A7DE07CEA1147E782C439DF26F690B69"country="USA"httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925"name="American Museum of Natural History"type="">AMNH</collectionCode>
<materialsCitationid="61DC40B9427085E938B669AABDCB0421"collectingDate="1911-08-13"collectionCode="NHMUK"collectorName="Imperial Bureau of Entomology, British Museum"country="Uganda"county="Southern Region"latitude="0.31361166"location="Kampala"longLatPrecision="1"longitude="32.581112"municipality="Presented"specimenCode="NHMUK 014064157"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-female="1"stateProvince="Southern Region"typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCodeid="518D987935C1B6E854BAEA2A1944709D"collectionCode="NHMUK"country="United Kingdom"httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665"name="Natural History Museum, London"type="Museum">
<named-contentid="CE96B96738F119577DA2F3870716ABE8"content-type="dwc:institutional_code"xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london"xlink_title="Natural History Museum, London">NHMUK</named-content>
014064157
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).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSectionid="SECID0ETIBG"type="material">
<paragraphid="407A427C31BC051DB829FE42A3089B6D">
<headingid="38F11B5E5E5C7711F18534989E989F58"reason="title">Other material examined.</heading>
<materialsCitationid="79C0E55CE5D08A424381207C00041F1C"collectedFrom="edge of forest"collectingDate="2010-02-21"collectingDateMax="2010-03-08"collectingDateMin="2010-02-21"collectingMethod="Malaise trap"collectorName="R. Copeland"country="Burundi"elevation="1382"latitude="-3.1666667"location="Ruvubu River"longLatPrecision="13"longitude="30.333334"municipality="Ruvubu National Park"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-female="1">
<locationid="2EEC1522E7B59FC48864C1AA79D32514"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:50AEAD430D13552497579AA544512AEB:2EEC1522E7B59FC48864C1AA79D32514"country="Burundi"latitude="-3.1666667"longLatPrecision="13"longitude="30.333334"municipality="Ruvubu National Park"name="Ruvubu River">Ruvubu River</location>
<materialsCitationid="BE7B64958D9BF927B8315D83D3B40FF9"collectedFrom="primary mid-altitude Rainforest"collectingDate="2008-10-12"collectingDateMax="2008-10-26"collectingDateMin="2008-10-12"collectingMethod="Malaise trap"collectionCode="A"collectorName="S van Noort"country="Uganda"county="Kibale National Park"elevation="1505"latitude="0.5637167"location="Makerere University Biological Field Station"longLatPrecision="1"longitude="30.358166"municipality="Kanyawara"specimenCode="SAM-DIP-A 018410, SAM-DIP-A 018378, A 018379, A 018380, A 018381, A 018383, A 018384, A 018386, A 018387, A 018388, A 018389, A 018391, A 018392, A 018393, A 018394, A 018395, A 018396, A 018397, A 018398, A 018399, A 018400, A 018401, A 018402, A 018403, A 018404, A 018405, A 018406, A 018407, A 018408, A 018409, A 018411, A 018412, A 018413, A 018414, A 018416, A 018417, A 018418, A 018419, A 018420, A 018421, A 018422, A 018423, A 018424, A 018425, A 018426, A 018427, A 018428, A 018429, A 018432"specimenCount="51"specimenCount-female="49"specimenCount-male="2"stateProvince="Kibale">
<locationid="FCF428C4F301EE96E6C12E6732049673"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:50AEAD430D13552497579AA544512AEB:FCF428C4F301EE96E6C12E6732049673"country="Uganda"county="Kibale National Park"latitude="0.5637167"longLatPrecision="1"longitude="30.358166"municipality="Kanyawara"name="Makerere University Biological Field Station"stateProvince="Kibale">Makerere University Biological Field Station</location>
<figureCitationid="DEACD3A20EE9C3B2500ED3B6B76E9BD1"captionStart="Figures 9–13"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figures 9–13. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. agramma (Bezzi): 9 ♂ (NMSA - DIP 028196) 10 ♀ holotype (NMSA - DIP 028199); S. bezzii (Curran): 11 ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018382) 12 ♀ (SAM-DIP-A 018410); S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov.: 13 a ♀ paratype 1 st flagellomere (CSCA) 13 b ♀ holotype (CSCA). Scale bars: 1 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures9-13"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205864">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="9DF9FC4199F25703A65F151C23302CE9"captionStart="Figures 9–13"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figures 9–13. Suragina Walker spp. lateral habitus: S. agramma (Bezzi): 9 ♂ (NMSA - DIP 028196) 10 ♀ holotype (NMSA - DIP 028199); S. bezzii (Curran): 11 ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018382) 12 ♀ (SAM-DIP-A 018410); S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov.: 13 a ♀ paratype 1 st flagellomere (CSCA) 13 b ♀ holotype (CSCA). Scale bars: 1 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures9-13"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205864">12</figureCitation>
), with its entire thorax dark brown to blackish with varying levels of bluish-grey pruinosity throughout. The wings are light brown suffused with a dark brown stigma and a brown suffused substigmal marking (Fig.
<figureCitationid="818053AEE5E2AD7267B171C42D838E60"captionStart="Figures 37–42"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figures 37–42. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 37 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (BMSA (D) 124627) 38 S. bezzii (Curran) ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018410) 39 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (CSCA) 40 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 83423); S. binominata (Bequaert): 41 holotype ♂ (MLUH) 42 ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158446). 41 Copyright ZNS Halle, January 30, 2024. Abbreviations: br – basal radial cell; bm – basal medial cell; cua – anterior cubital cell; CuA + CuP – anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; d – discal cell; M 1 – first branch of media; m 1 – first medial cell; M 2 – second branch of media; m 2 – second medial cell; M 3 – third branch of media; m 3 – third medial cell; R 1 – anterior branch of radius; r 1 – first radial cell; R 2 + 3 – second branch of radius; r 2 + 3 – second radial cell; R 4 – upper branch of third branch of radius; R 5 – lower branch of third branch of radius; Sc – subcostal vein; sc – subcostal cell. Scale bars: 1 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures37-42"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205872">38</figureCitation>
). The abdomen has tergite 2 with a fenestrated appearance and the tergites 4–6 orange, contrasting with the otherwise dark brown abdomen. The species is most similar to
<bibRefCitationid="EE2F48F63C6F65E9E54633A0F734215E"author="Curran CH"firstAuthor="Curran"journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History"page="172"pagination="167-187"refId="B6"refString="Curran CH (1928) Diptera of the American Museum Congo Expedition. Part III. – Stratiomyidae, Rhagionidae, Therevidae, Scenopinidae, Ortalidae, Micropezidae, Piophilidae, Sepsidae and Diopsidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 58: 167–187."title="Diptera of the American Museum Congo Expedition. Part III. - Stratiomyidae, Rhagionidae, Therevidae, Scenopinidae, Ortalidae, Micropezidae, Piophilidae, Sepsidae and Diopsidae."volume="58"year="1928">Curran (1928: 172)</bibRefCitation>
remarked that it was possible that the “ black undescribed ” specimen mentioned by
<bibRefCitationid="9E47584D48290092859A1726EDBE1EFF"author="Bezzi M"firstAuthor="Bezzi"journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum"page="304"pagination="297-324"refId="B3"refString="Bezzi M (1926) South African Rhagionidae (Diptera) in the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum 23: 297–324. https://biostor.org/reference/128969 [Last accessed: 2024 / 10 / 29]"title="South African Rhagionidae (Diptera) in the South African Museum."url="https://biostor.org/reference/128969"volume="23"year="1926">Bezzi (1926: 304)</bibRefCitation>
. That is however just conjecture at this point in time as no further information is available regarding the whereabouts of the specimen mentioned by Bezzi, nor was it ever described. There are several dark species from west and central African countries. Bezzi’s comment: “ This last species, like
<bibRefCitationid="12FC410C760FF99AD6426653ACCBD68E"DOI="10.1002/mmnd.191419140102"author="Speiser P"issue="1"journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift"pagination="1-16"refId="B20"refString="Speiser P (1914) Beitrage zur Dipterenfauna von Kamerun II. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1914 (1): 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 191419140102"title="Beiträge zur Dipterenfauna von Kamerun II."volume="1914"year="1914">Speiser, 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, shows a deep longitudinal median furrow on the fore part of the frons. ” is not diagnostic, as all known Afrotropical
: Black ground colour, with bluish-grey pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; holoptic; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye with slight indentation; ocellar tubercle barely visible in profile, black in colour (appears to be rubbed bare in both sexes due to degradation from preservation method); vertex with slight grey pruinosity, otherwise appearing black in colour and dark setulose; anterior ocellus similar in size to posterior pair; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye, not placed as deeply towards middle of head as in
; dorsal inner edge of eye abutting ocellar tubercle; occiput with same bluish-grey pruinosity as rest of head; paired large rectangular black markings with dark setulae on upper occiput widening towards lateral margin of head, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; upper occiput with similar dark setulae; lower occiput with long pale setulae medially, dark setulae laterally; genal area bluish-grey with dark setulae, these dark setulae continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have similar dark ventral setulae; frons bluish-grey pruinose, velvety-black from ocellar tubercle to lower half of eye; frons widening from velvety-black patch towards antennal base; frons bare; face with pale setulae; clypeus black with bluish-grey pruinosity, bare; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by a deep transverse suture, similar to lateral sutures; face not appearing to bulge laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile, face not; antennal bases separated ca 0.5 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove running between; scape, pedicel dark brown with whitish pruinosity; 1
flagellomere arista-like; pedicel with dark dorsal and ventral setulae, similar in size, scape with only dark dorsal setulae; palpus black on majority of surface with scattered white pruinosity, orange-yellow on basal third, with dark setulae throughout; palpus ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; proboscis ca same length as head height; proboscis mostly brown, basally more orange-yellow, entire structure interspersed with some dark setulae and some shorter pale setulae.
with two feint dorsocentral bluish-grey pruinose vittae running from pronotum and joining before scutellum), otherwise dark brown with bluish-grey pruinosity; pronotum bluish-grey pruinose with long pale setulae; postpronotal lobe same dark brown as rest of scutum, slight bluish-grey pruinose, setation unknown, anterolateral margin of lobe lighter yellowish- to orange-brown (
colouring more apparent); notopleuron appearing slight bluish-grey pruinose when viewed in profile, however, when viewed dorsally pruinosity shifts into a silver-grey pruinose appearance, running up towards edge of mesonotum (notopleuron mostly rubbed bare except for anterior edge with long dark setulae); postalar wall and postalar callus dark brown with slight bluish-grey pruinosity, anterior of postalar callus orange-yellow; scutellum dark brown with bluish-grey pruinosity, entire margin orange-yellow from base to apex; supra-alar area, postalar wall and postalar callus with patches of dark setulae (less apparent and numerous than in
); majority of pleura bluish-grey pruinose, except for anterior of anepimeron and meron shiny blackish-brown; all pleura that are bluish-grey pruinose have pale setulae (only some remnant setulae remain due to damage from preservation method), except for katatergite that has long dark setulae; anatergite and meron bare; proepisternum and proepimeron with long pale setulae; anterior and posterior spiracles whitish-yellow and surroundings yellowish-brown, bare; postspiracular scale dark brown.
: All coxae entirely blackish-brown with only some scattered white pruinosity; fore coxa with mostly pale setulae except for some dark setulae apically; mid coxa with long dark setulae on anterior surface, posterior margin appearing bare; hind coxa with a mix of long pale and dark setulae on anterior edge surrounding well-developed anterior apical point, lateral apical edges with long dark setulae; all trochanters reddish dark brown, all trochanters with short pale setulae; fore femur almost entirely yellow, except for blackish-brown apex and base; mid femur missing; hind femur dark brown except for yellow basal and apical quarters; fore tibia and 1
tarsal segments dark brown almost black, rest of for tarsi missing; mid tibia and tarsi missing; hind tibia and basitarsus blackish-brown, with base and apex of hind tibia yellowish-brown, rest of hind tarsi missing; fore and hind femora rubbed clean, setation unknown; fore tibia with short dark setulae; hind tibia with dark setulae that are at least as long as segment is wide; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; combined length of hind tarsal segments subequal to hind tibia; tibial spur formula 0: 2: 2; fore tibial spur weaker than that of hind tibia.
<figureCitationid="871FC6A019BA10A0B3F62C0FC6542125"captionStart="Figures 37–42"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figures 37–42. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 37 S. agramma (Bezzi) ♀ (BMSA (D) 124627) 38 S. bezzii (Curran) ♂ (SAM-DIP-A 018410) 39 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (CSCA) 40 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 83423); S. binominata (Bequaert): 41 holotype ♂ (MLUH) 42 ♀ (NMSA - DIP 158446). 41 Copyright ZNS Halle, January 30, 2024. Abbreviations: br – basal radial cell; bm – basal medial cell; cua – anterior cubital cell; CuA + CuP – anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; d – discal cell; M 1 – first branch of media; m 1 – first medial cell; M 2 – second branch of media; m 2 – second medial cell; M 3 – third branch of media; m 3 – third medial cell; R 1 – anterior branch of radius; r 1 – first radial cell; R 2 + 3 – second branch of radius; r 2 + 3 – second radial cell; R 4 – upper branch of third branch of radius; R 5 – lower branch of third branch of radius; Sc – subcostal vein; sc – subcostal cell. Scale bars: 1 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures37-42"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205872">38</figureCitation>
): Light brown suffused on majority of surface except for cell
); tergite 2 pale, with dark brown median marking, giving it a fenestrated appearance; tergite 3 dark brown, tergites 4 and 5 orange, with tergite 5 with dark brown posterior band; tergite 6 with orange markings anteriorly, otherwise dark brown; remaining tergites dark brown; all tergites rubbed bare except for tergite 1; tergite 1 medially without a longitudinal suture; sternites 1–3 cream coloured, sternite 3 with posterior margin brown; rest of sternites orange-yellow; all sternites with pale setulae.
<figureCitationid="845D0F565A22183F13A1655563DF5771"captionStart="Figures 55–62"captionStartId="F13"captionText="Figures 55–62. Suragina Walker spp. male terminalia, ventral view (55–58) and epandrium with cerci, dorsal view (59–62): 55, 59 S. agramma (Bezzi) (ICIPE) 56, 60 S. bezzii (Curran) (SAM-DIP A 018382) 57, 61 S. binominata (Bequaert) (NMSA - DIP 028165) 58, 62 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. paratype (BMSA (D) 83425). Abbreviations: aed tn – aedeagal tine; cerc – cercus; ej apod – ejaculatory apodeme; epand – epandrium; goncx – gonocoxite; goncx apod – gonocoxal apodeme; gonst – gonostylus; pm – paramere; pm apod – parameral apodeme; pm sh – parameral sheath. Scale bar (applicable to all illustrations): 0.6 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures55-62"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205875">56</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="85EB8D585B1FF77D5D8B2ED3A8E4F6A8"captionStart="Figures 55–62"captionStartId="F13"captionText="Figures 55–62. Suragina Walker spp. male terminalia, ventral view (55–58) and epandrium with cerci, dorsal view (59–62): 55, 59 S. agramma (Bezzi) (ICIPE) 56, 60 S. bezzii (Curran) (SAM-DIP A 018382) 57, 61 S. binominata (Bequaert) (NMSA - DIP 028165) 58, 62 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. paratype (BMSA (D) 83425). Abbreviations: aed tn – aedeagal tine; cerc – cercus; ej apod – ejaculatory apodeme; epand – epandrium; goncx – gonocoxite; goncx apod – gonocoxal apodeme; gonst – gonostylus; pm – paramere; pm apod – parameral apodeme; pm sh – parameral sheath. Scale bar (applicable to all illustrations): 0.6 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures55-62"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205875">60</figureCitation>
): Epandrium and cercus dark brown with dark setulae; gonocoxite, hypoproct and hypandrium with pale setulae; gonostylus tapering with truncated apex, outer edge of gonostylus with short setulae, inner edge with a protrusion with 4 setulae, apical third of gonostylus with microtrichia; gonocoxite widening and appearing more rounded on apical half, apex somewhat flattened, gonocoxite outer and ventral surface down to parameral apodeme with long setulae, inner surface of upper half with short setulae, lower half with long inward-facing setulae; parameral apodeme well-developed, not reaching base of gonocoxite in ventral view, parameral sheath including parameral apodeme ca 0.7 × length of gonocoxite; gonocoxal apodeme about same length as gonocoxite and slightly shorter than ejaculatory apodeme; aedeagal tine curvature extending down past gonocoxites; endoaedeagal process apically truncated and widened.
: Black ground colour, with bluish-grey pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; dichoptic; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye without any indentation; ocellar tubercle barely visible in profile, dark setulose (rubbed bare in
due to damage from preservation method), bluish-grey pruinose medially when viewed dorsally, otherwise appearing black; vertex grey pruinose and dark setulose; anterior ocellus similar in size to posterior pair; ocellar tubercle placed deeper in front of dorsal margin of eye compared to
; dorsal inner edge of eye separated from ocellar tubercle by paired silver-grey markings; occiput with same bluish-grey pruinosity as rest of head; paired large rectangular black markings on upper occiput widening towards lateral margin of head with dark setulae, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; rest of upper occiput with pale setulae; lower occiput with long pale setulae medially and laterally; genal area with dark setulae, rest of ventral head setulae pale, these continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have long pale ventral setulae and some shorter dark setulae; frons bluish-grey pruinose between lower half of eye down to antennal base, velvety-black from ocellar tubercle to lower half of eye; frons widening only slightly from velvety-black patch towards antennal bases; frons with dark setulae on velvety-black area; face, gena and clypeus with bluish-grey pruinosity; face sparsley populated with long pale setulae; clypeus black with bluish-grey pruinosity, bare; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by transverse suture, (less prominent than in
) similar to lateral sutures; antennal bases separated ca 0.5 ×– 0.75 × width of scape, with slight longitudinal groove running between; scape dark brown with whitish pruinosity and with yellowish lateral margins; pedicel dark brown with whitish pruinosity; 1
flagellomere, brown, arista-like; pedicel with dark dorsal and ventral setulae, similar in size, scape with only dark dorsal setulae; palpus black on majority of surface with scattered white pruinosity, orange-yellow on at most basal half, with dark setulae throughout; palpus ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; proboscis ca same length as head height; proboscis mostly brown, basally more orange-yellow, entire structure interspersed with some pale and dark setulae of varying length.
: Scutum shining black with two feint dorsocentral bluish-grey pruinose vittae running from pronotum to before scutellum; pronotum bluish-grey pruinose with long pale setulae; postpronotal lobe dark brown, slight bluish-grey pruinose with long pale setulae, anterolateral margin of lobe lighter yellowish- to orange-brown (more apparent than in
; postalar wall and postalar callus dark brown with slight bluish-grey pruinosity, anterior of postalar callus orange-yellow; supra-alar area, postalar wall and postalar callus with patches of dark setulae (more apparent and numerous than in
); scutellum dark brown with bluish-grey pruinosity, apical margin orange-yellow; scutum generally with short dark setulae with postsutural setulae longer than presutural setulae, especially prescutellar setulae; majority of pleura bluish-grey pruinose, except for anterior of anepimeron and meron shiny blackish-brown; all pleura that are bluish-grey pruinose have some pale setulae; katatergite with long pale setulae, in contrast to
that has long dark setulae; anatergite and meron bare; proepisternum and proepimeron with long pale setulae; anterior and posterior spiracles yellowish-brown to whitish-yellow (due to damage from preservation method) and surroundings yellowish-brown, bare; postspiracular scale dark brown.
: All coxae brown to blackish-brown with some bluish-grey pruinosity; fore coxa with mostly pale setulae except for some dark setulae apically; mid coxa with long dark setulae on anterior apical surface, otherwise with pale setulae, and sparsley setulose along posterior margin (
with only dark setulae); hind coxa with dark setulae on anterior edge surrounding well-developed anterior apical point, lateral apical edges with long pale setulae; all trochanters reddish dark brown, some more yellowish apically, all trochanters with short pale setulae; fore femur in most specimens yellow with extreme base and apex dark brown, some individuals with fore femur dark brown on basal half and apical quarter to third with remainder of segment yellow; mid femur dark brown except for ca apical third that is yellow; hind femur dark brown except for yellow basal and apical quarters; fore tibia and tarsi dark brown to blackish; mid tibia and tarsi yellow, tarsi appearing somewhat darker yellow; hind tibia and basitarsus blackish-brown, with apex of tibia yellowish-brown in some specimens; fore tarsal claws and pulvilli symmetrical, pulvilus and empodium of similar size; fore tarsi with long, somewhat curved along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; fore femur dorsally with short dark setulae, except for several scattered short pale setulae, apically and medioventrally with long pale setulae, and with a group of 1–3 dark setulae located in middle of femur; mid femur covered in short pale setulae, but with longer pale setulae ventrally and short dark setulae apically; hind femur with mix of short pale and dark setulae, with apex having somewhat longer pale and dark setulae ventrally; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; all tibiae with short dark setulae; hind tarsal segments 0.9–1.0 × as long as hind tibia; tibial spur formula 0: 2: 2.
: Tergite 1 dark to blackish-brown, with basal margin of some specimens more orange-brown, tergite 1 with pale setulae; tergite 2 mostly pale to orange-yellow, with brown to dark brown median marking running down to brown to dark brown band along posterior margin of tergite, giving it a fenestrated appearance, lateral margins of tergite similar brown colour to rest of tergite; tergites 3 and 4 dark brown with tergite 4 with some specimens also having orange markings posteriorly, tergites 5–7 orange, each with a dark brown posterior band; lateral margins of tergites 4–7 with blackish markings; some specimens have tergite 7 entirely dark brown; dark brown parts of tergites with pale setulae, and orange parts with dark setulae; tergite 1 medially with a longitudinal suture; sternites 1 and 2 cream coloured, sternites 3 and 4 dark brown with posterior margins darker; rest of sternites orange-yellow, ending in dark brown terminalia; all sternites with pale setulae.
<figureCitationid="90C45A33F7026F94C90837620AF6FDD0"captionStart="Figures 75–87"captionStartId="F16"captionText="Figures 75–87. Suragina Walker spp. female genital fork and spermathecae, ventral view: 75 S. agramma (Bezzi) (ICIPE) 76 S. bezzii (Curran) (SAM-DIP- 018403) 77 S. bilobata Muller, sp. nov. (CSCA) 78 S. binominata (Bequaert) (NMSA - DIP 158411) 79 S. copelandi Muller, sp. nov. paratype (BMSA (D) 84686) 80 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. paratype (BMSA (D) 92158) 81 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. paratype (NMSA - DIP 158442) 82 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. paratype (ICIPE) 83 S. milloti (Séguy) (CSCA) 84 S. monogramma (Bezzi) (BMSA (D) 129988) 85 S. mulanjeensis Muller, sp. nov. paratype (NMSA - DIP 158392) 86 S. semiobscura Muller, sp. nov. paratype (ICIPE) 87 S. zombaensis Muller, sp. nov. paratype (NMSA - DIP 1584719). Scale bar (applicable to all illustrations): 0.1 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures75-87"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205878">76</figureCitation>
): Cercus dark brown with pale setulae; genital fork has distal apodeme slender, forked; median lobe with deep apical emargination, paired apical lobes with a slender appearance, inner surface inward projecting with clustered microtrichia at apex, arms gradually rounded; three ovate-shaped and sclerotised spermathecae.
