<documentid="596078191B530EA7F9E263A3C18C64E2"ID-DOI="10.3897/vz.74.e121110"ID-ZooBank="0228B083-CB4C-4DE3-8332-58DD834E7AC2"ID-publisher-id="121110"URI-arpha="F76DBFBA-0FC4-54BD-869E-0D6B3169DA92"URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/0228B083-CB4C-4DE3-8332-58DD834E7AC2"XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin"XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin"XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin"article-type="research-article"checkinTime="1728647925164"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Vences, Miguel, Köhler, Jörn, Hutter, Carl R., Preick, Michaela, Petzold, Alice, Rakotoarison, Andolalao, Ratsoavina, Fanomezana M., Glaw, Frank & Scherz, Mark D."docDate="2024"docId="41D7C9C94CF65656A74782F18476AEC9"docLanguage="en"docName="Vertebrate Zoology 74: 643-681"docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 74"docSource="https://vertebrate-zoology.arphahub.com/article/121110/download/xml/"docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic"docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic"docTitle="Boophis kirki Vences, Köhler, Hutter, Preick, Petzold, Rakotoarison, Ratsoavina, Glaw & Scherz, 2024, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="3"dtd-version="3.0"lastPageNumber="681"masterDocId="F76DBFBA0FC454BD869E0D6B3169DA92"masterDocTitle="Communicator whistles: A Trek through the taxonomy of the Boophis marojezensis complex reveals seven new, morphologically cryptic treefrogs from Madagascar (Amphibia: Anura: Mantellidae)"masterLastPageNumber="681"masterPageNumber="643"pageNumber="643"updateTime="1728683483982"updateUser="admin">
<mods:titleid="2ED07DFA460F48A284FBF135DA07D499">Communicator whistles: A Trek through the taxonomy of the Boophis marojezensis complex reveals seven new, morphologically cryptic treefrogs from Madagascar (Amphibia: Anura: Mantellidae)</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="D0943836EFB4E51676812631B92965E9">Museum of Natural Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="0697855B2766C63306806E40F7FF9C80">Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24 - 25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="3759AEF0035532CE74B2A2B23A4CEDC5">Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24 - 25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="D47603238FDED00FA3258BF0D6DD83A6">Mention Environnement, Université de l’Itasy, Faliarivo Ambohidanerana, 118 Soavinandriana Itasy, Madagascar & School for International Training, VN 41 A Bis Ankazolava Ambohitsoa, Antananarivo, 101 Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="F07A404474D540B3E527F95CFE9DE92A">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="559EED1AFB2B87B948A32EE8BD6B0508"authorityName="Vences & Köhler & Hutter & Preick & Petzold & Rakotoarison & Ratsoavina & Glaw & Scherz"authorityYear="2024"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="kirki"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="BF7BC38724751CA4FE1B542793EDFC18"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F7"captionText="Figure 6. Preserved holotypes in dorsal and ventral views of the eight nominal species in the Boophis marojezensis complex described in this study."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151254">Lineage A = Ca 51 Figures 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="4C2207DBF776542B445A1148207E5A69"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 8. Individuals of Boophis kirki sp. nov. in life. A, D Male paratype KU 336967 (CRH 20) from Ranomafana in dorsolateral and ventral view. B, E Male paratype UADBA - CRH 15 (CRH 15) from Ranomafana in dorsolateral and ventral view. C Male paratype KU 336874 (CRH 17) from Ranomafana. F Male paratype KU 336875 (CRH 18) from Ranomafana. G Female (no type status) UADBA - CRH 430 (CRH 430) from Vohidrazana. H Male (no type status) KU 340727 (CRH 449) from Vohidrazana. I, J Male (no type status) KU 340730 (CRH 455) from Vohidrazana in dorsolateral and ventral view. Note the variation in iris color in both populations (Ranomafana and Vohidrazana), with some individual having red color in the outer iris area while others only have light orange color."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151256">8</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="6FCF778B9CF81D0BBFCF57007C60AB2A"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
<taxonomicNameid="A4E5002DA8C38B3CE6DBC7F2499CDEEE"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
<bibRefCitationid="563BA2D0C58B86B6EB88A64976DC0C58"DOI="10.3897/zookeys.178.1410"author="Randrianiaina R-D & Strauß A & Glos J & Vences M"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Randrianiaina"journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys"pagination="59-124"refId="B70"refString="Randrianiaina R-D, Strauß A, Glos J, Vences M (2012) Diversity of strongly rheophilous tadpoles of Malagasy tree frogs, genus Boophis (Anura, Mantellidae), and identification of new candidate species via larval DNA sequence and morphology. ZooKeys 178: 59–124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.178.1410"title="Diversity of strongly rheophilous tadpoles of Malagasy tree frogs, genus Boophis (Anura, Mantellidae), and identification of new candidate species via larval DNA sequence and morphology."volume="178"year="2012">Randrianiaina et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="DB77AD21EFFE849AB23DD2EC73B42262"DOI="10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.027"author="Hutter CR & Lambert SM & Andriampenomanana ZF & Glaw F & Vences M"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Hutter"journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"pagination="568-578"refId="B42"refString="Hutter CR, Lambert SM, Andriampenomanana ZF, Glaw F, Vences M (2018) Molecular systematics and diversification of Malagasy bright-eyed tree frogs (Mantellidae: Boophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127: 568–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.027"title="Molecular systematics and diversification of Malagasy bright-eyed tree frogs (Mantellidae: Boophis)."volume="127"year="2018">Hutter et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
. It was included in
<taxonomicNameid="DE947B7B72F423A76D744546CDCB9506"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
<bibRefCitationid="4E9CBFD213445F9C8C17E7AC66221333"author="Glaw F & Vences M & Andreone F & Vallan D"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Glaw"journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"pagination="495-529"refId="B38"refString="Glaw F, Vences M, Andreone F, Vallan D (2001) Revision of the Boophis majori group (Amphibia: Mantellidae) from Madagascar, with descriptions of five new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 133: 495–529."title="Revision of the Boophis majori group (Amphibia: Mantellidae) from Madagascar, with descriptions of five new species."volume="133"year="2001">Glaw et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitationid="9FF9810D83ED411801A2C3900C4BE50F"author="Glaw F & Vences M"firstAuthor="Glaw"journalOrPublisher="Vences and Glaw Verlags GbR, Cologne"refId="B37"refString="Glaw F, Vences M (2007) A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. Vences and Glaw Verlags GbR, Cologne, 496 pp."title="A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar."year="2007">Glaw and Vences (2007)</bibRefCitation>
and not explicitly included or mentioned in the studies of
<bibRefCitationid="9594DB70EBA4150BA5685944DB912C24"DOI="10.1073/pnas.0810821106"author="Vieites DR & Wollenberg KC & Andreone F & Köhler J & Glaw F & Vences M"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Vieites"journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA"pagination="8267-8272"refId="B95"refString="Vieites DR, Wollenberg KC, Andreone F, Köhler J, Glaw F, Vences M (2009) Vast underestimation of Madagascar’s biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106: 8267–8272. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810821106"title="Vast underestimation of Madagascar’s biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory."volume="106"year="2009">Vieites et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitationid="14500BC8D302525A9FF97E2079434F28"DOI="10.1163/15685381-00002942"author="Perl RGB & Nagy ZT & Sonet G & Glaw F & Wollenberg KC & Vences M"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Perl"journalOrPublisher="Amphibia - Reptilia"pagination="197-206"refId="B64"refString="Perl RGB, Nagy ZT, Sonet G, Glaw F, Wollenberg KC, Vences M (2014) DNA barcoding Madagascar’s amphibian fauna. Amphibia - Reptilia 35: 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002942"title="DNA barcoding Madagascar’s amphibian fauna."volume="35"year="2014">Perl et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="E47822F6741D8959CE650EB5F86C1A01"authorityName="Vences & Köhler & Hutter & Preick & Petzold & Rakotoarison & Ratsoavina & Glaw & Scherz"authorityYear="2024"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="kirki"status="sp. nov.">
<abbrevid="ABBRID0EJEAK"xlink_title="field numbers of Carl R. Hutter">CRH</abbrev>
455) from Vohidrazana in dorsolateral and ventral view. Note the variation in iris color in both populations (Ranomafana and Vohidrazana), with some individual having red color in the outer iris area while others only have light orange color.
<materialsCitationid="AB34494A69481561CE32D5443BDAD3AA"collectingDate="2003-01-20"collectionCode="R"collectorName="F. Glaw & M. Puente & L. Raharivololoniaina & M. Thomas & D. R. Vieites"country="Madagascar"county="Ranomafana National Park"elevation="1000"latitude="-21.2167"location="Kidonavo bridge"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="47.3667"municipality="Vohiparara"specimenCode="ZSM 699 / 2003"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-male="1"typeStatus="holotype">
<locationid="775159045146ED1E6B2FA648EFB4E77B"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41D7C9C94CF65656A74782F18476AEC9:775159045146ED1E6B2FA648EFB4E77B"country="Madagascar"county="Ranomafana National Park"latitude="-21.2167"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="47.3667"municipality="Vohiparara"name="Kidonavo bridge">Kidonavo bridge</location>
<materialsCitationid="9B90FB2721621A13C4292AD661353B3A"collectingDate="2014-01-13"collectionCode="KU, CRH"collectorName="C. R. Hutter & Z. F. Andriampenomanana & S. Justin"elevation="1085"latitude="-21.2987"location="Valohoaka"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="47.4385"municipality="Ranomafana National Park"specimenCode="KU 336874"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingDateid="B604A1959EC491844F7A6FAA7C434C66"value="2014-01-13">13 January 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
at
<locationid="DC6BA40AFF3790B5F9A6C3F47B71EFA8"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41D7C9C94CF65656A74782F18476AEC9:DC6BA40AFF3790B5F9A6C3F47B71EFA8"latitude="-21.2987"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="47.4385"municipality="Ranomafana National Park"name="Valohoaka">Valohoaka</location>
,
<collectingMunicipalityid="16E9DFD86CB8B596DFDA2532CDD0EA87">Ranomafana National Park</collectingMunicipality>
<materialsCitationid="81F3D04224F5C031D57447A43E46C44A"collectingDate="2014-01-13"collectionCode="KU, CRH"collectorName="C. R. Hutter & Z. F. Andriampenomanana & S. Justin"elevation="1086"latitude="-21.2987"location="Valohoaka"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="47.4386"municipality="Ranomafana National Park"specimenCode="KU 336875"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingDateid="041F38B60AE467F6EF7937047392D2BC"value="2014-01-13">13 January 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
at
<locationid="F0454E5AA2F49989171BB18AF0AF1831"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41D7C9C94CF65656A74782F18476AEC9:F0454E5AA2F49989171BB18AF0AF1831"latitude="-21.2987"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="47.4386"municipality="Ranomafana National Park"name="Valohoaka">Valohoaka</location>
,
<collectingMunicipalityid="4B883F762CFB2CCC233B13EEBB9A54EF">Ranomafana National Park</collectingMunicipality>
<materialsCitationid="BF6EE1D1C6255FCB8AD600A080B7387A"collectingDate="2014-01-13"collectionCode="UADBA, CRH"collectorName="C. R. Hutter & Z. F. Andriampenomanana & S. Justin"elevation="1067"latitude="-21.2973"location="Valohoaka"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="47.4389"municipality="Ranomafana National Park"specimenCode="UADBA - CRH 15"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingDateid="BF7259A09964806218DBBF5C682FDF3F"value="2014-01-13">13 January 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
at
<locationid="C932E2A75B0EB7F4C22F3BA6FD3CEEF9"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41D7C9C94CF65656A74782F18476AEC9:C932E2A75B0EB7F4C22F3BA6FD3CEEF9"latitude="-21.2973"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="47.4389"municipality="Ranomafana National Park"name="Valohoaka">Valohoaka</location>
,
<collectingMunicipalityid="D98A16CF2C0948FAEE26FBE738624D0E">Ranomafana National Park</collectingMunicipality>
<materialsCitationid="BA1655825CF1D6D673B8F9151E42F13C"collectingDate="2014-01-14"collectionCode="KU"collectorName="C. R. Hutter & Z. F. Andriampenomanana & S. Justin"elevation="1065"latitude="-21.2975"location="Valohoaka"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="47.439"municipality="Ranomafana National Park"specimenCode="KU 336876"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingDateid="B11F28BC1F6CC271CEA60ABCCD3A8228"value="2014-01-14">14 January 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
at
<locationid="C9559C8A426393212D3A7FF61D3BCC3B"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41D7C9C94CF65656A74782F18476AEC9:C9559C8A426393212D3A7FF61D3BCC3B"latitude="-21.2975"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="47.439"municipality="Ranomafana National Park"name="Valohoaka">Valohoaka</location>
,
<collectingMunicipalityid="F465AC0D7D6D8BA24F027409FB8632A1">Ranomafana National Park</collectingMunicipality>
<materialsCitationid="2F74FDEA890E625D4744E7981558977B"collectingDate="2014-01-14"collectionCode="KU"collectorName="C. R. Hutter & Z. F. Andriampenomanana & S. Justin"elevation="1065"latitude="-21.2975"location="Valohoaka"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="47.439"municipality="Ranomafana National Park"specimenCode="KU 336967"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingDateid="01D29E6CE632062E2F859113D48D488A"value="2014-01-14">14 January 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
at
<locationid="BA176231C5052026BDFCF29A37EDAA92"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41D7C9C94CF65656A74782F18476AEC9:BA176231C5052026BDFCF29A37EDAA92"latitude="-21.2975"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="47.439"municipality="Ranomafana National Park"name="Valohoaka">Valohoaka</location>
,
<collectingMunicipalityid="58974391AB98BF26F691685B2E0A3804">Ranomafana National Park</collectingMunicipality>
<materialsCitationid="5A37FB000FF1DFC880B5F166868BE447"collectingDate="2014-01-28"collectionCode="KU"collectorName="C. R. Hutter & Z. F. Andriampenomanana & E. Rajery & S. Justin"elevation="1272"latitude="-21.3399"location="Maharira"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="47.4108"municipality="Ranomafana National Park"specimenCode="KU 336877"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingDateid="8377F2349F1DEEB8069CF8403BBED272"value="2014-01-28">28 January 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
at
<locationid="947865C08105447D002F4107DA780582"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41D7C9C94CF65656A74782F18476AEC9:947865C08105447D002F4107DA780582"latitude="-21.3399"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="47.4108"municipality="Ranomafana National Park"name="Maharira">Maharira</location>
,
<collectingMunicipalityid="5B6D6A70242E1116CFD4CEB521931FEC">Ranomafana National Park</collectingMunicipality>
<materialsCitationid="1281B12A2C885242EAC5A5232342F438"collectingDate="2013-12-26"collectionCode="KU"collectorName="C. R. Hutter & Z. F. Andriampenomanana & S. Justin"elevation="1066"latitude="-21.2978"location="Valohoaka"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="47.4389"municipality="Ranomafana National Park"specimenCode="KU 336880"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingDateid="3500A87C08D917F57FB5A6F6A93C6079"value="2013-12-26">26 December 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
at
<locationid="573866334CB76C012424A8A66B5AC53E"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41D7C9C94CF65656A74782F18476AEC9:573866334CB76C012424A8A66B5AC53E"latitude="-21.2978"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="47.4389"municipality="Ranomafana National Park"name="Valohoaka">Valohoaka</location>
,
<collectingMunicipalityid="6824758D79DBD367725B9C4CC0CEEB32">Ranomafana National Park</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingDateid="AD45083BF6DF3C0C0417592D423A814B"value="2003-01-30"valueMax="2003-02-03"valueMin="2003-01-30">30 January and 3 February 2003</collectingDate>
<materialsCitationid="67D629F79FA2FEB06F78420B39D571F2"collectingDate="2015-01-03"collectionCode="UADBA"collectorName="C. R. Hutter & S. M. Lambert & Z. F. Andriampenomanana"elevation="1164"latitude="-18.9861"location="Vohidrazana"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="48.5015"specimenCode="UADBA - CRH 430"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-female="1">
<materialsCitationid="2AB928B77920C1516F6167D9FD81071F"collectingDate="2015-01-04"collectionCode="KU"collectorName="C. R. Hutter & S. M. Lambert & Z. F. Andriampenomanana"elevation="1105"latitude="-18.9794"location="Vohidrazana"longLatPrecision="7"longitude="48.5181"specimenCode="KU 340727, KU 340730"specimenCount="2"specimenCount-male="2">
, presence of intercalary element between ultimate and penultimate phalanx of fingers and toes (verified by external examination), presence of webbing between fingers, presence of nuptial pads in males, and absence of femoral glands in males. Assigned to the
<taxonomicNameid="BE08303EA8D8B05BEDF8C5FDCD1B0D0F"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="blommersae">
), predominantly brownish dorsal coloration, suctorial stream-dwelling tadpoles, and molecular phylogenetic relationships. Within the
<taxonomicNameid="5BB2B16856C6B99057011960EF72D152"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="blommersae">
group, defined by absence of dorsolateral bands, presence of red color in the outer iris area, especially at the dorsal and ventral edges, in many specimens, and advertisement calls at 3499–5604 Hz, consisting of a series of 9–19 whistling notes of successively increasing durations of 54–105 ms. Also characterized by numerous diagnostic nucleotide positions in the mitochondrial
rRNA gene: MolD identified the following robust diagnostic nucleotide combination compared to all other species in the
<taxonomicNameid="ACF971C2BA6359F109A34BA1C13A1171"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
<taxonomicNameid="E302294E7B1A951075ED8748A0E0B019"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="blommersae">
<taxonomicNameid="6BD8A6026A2013D05A561B1DADDDF8C1"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="blommersae">
by calls consisting of frequency-modulated whistles (vs. pulsed trills); and from
<taxonomicNameid="E453B651E0748D28C3F0E81747284349"authorityName="Glaw, Vences, Andreone & Vallan"authorityYear="2001"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="vittatus">
by calls consisting of frequency-modulated whistles (vs. series of short clicks), and absence of dorsolateral stripes (vs. presence). Furthermore, distinguished from
<taxonomicNameid="A444FDB5EF075F1D1EF60C2038C64E4C"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
by presence of red color in outer iris area in many specimens (vs. absence), and calls consisting of 9‒19 whistling notes of successively increasing durations of 54–105 ms (vs. 7–8 notes, with short and long notes distinguishable). For a distinction from other species of the
<taxonomicNameid="9886614AE18EB58BFA6F4BE259BBC153"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
, tongue and right forelimb removed as tissue samples for molecular analysis. Body slender; head wider than long, wider than body; snout rounded in dorsal view, truncate in lateral view; nostrils directed laterally, nearer to tip of snout than to eye; canthus rostralis indistinct, slightly concave in dorsal view, loreal region slightly concave; tympanum indistinct but recognizable, round,
; supratympanic fold not recognizable; vomerine odontophores weakly developed, well-separated in two very small rounded aggregations, positioned posteromedial to choanae; choanae medium-sized, rounded; maxillary teeth present. Tongue removed. Arms slender, subarticular tubercles single, round; metacarpal tubercles not recognizable; fingers weakly webbed and with lateral dermal fringes; webbing formula 1 (traces), 2 i (traces), 2 e (traces), 3 i (traces), 3 e (1.75), 4 (1); relative length of fingers 1 <2 <4 <3 (finger 2 distinctly shorter than finger 4); finger discs enlarged, rounded; nuptial pads recognizable as unpigmented swelling on first finger. Hindlimbs slender; tibiotarsal articulation reaching nostril when hindlimb is adpressed along body; lateral metatarsalia separated by webbing; inner metatarsal tubercle small, distinct, elongated; no outer metatarsal tubercle; toes broadly webbed; webbing formula 1 (0.5), 2 i (1), 2 e (0), 3 i (1), 3 e (0.25), 4 i (1.5), 4 e (1.5), 5 (0.25); relative length of toes 1 <2 <3 <5 <4; toe discs enlarged, rounded. Skin smooth on dorsal surfaces, throat, chest, and ventral surface of thighs, finely granular on belly; cloacal region surrounded by an area of distinct, large, white-colored granules.
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="D87C99714F74CEC11AC94D0EE4C57F88">
In preservative, 20 years after collection (Fig.
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), dorsally reddish brown with a distinct and strongly contrasted dark brown hourglass-shaped marking on anterior part of the dorsum, and a dark brown transverse bar, somewhat chevron-shaped, on the posterior part of the dorsum. In addition, a few small dark brown and cream spots are scattered across the dorsum. A distinct light beige vertebral stripe runs from snout to cloaca and interrupts the dark markings. Limbs light brown with darker brown crossbands: 4–5 on forearm, 6–7 on shank, 6 on thigh. Ventrally cream, white on belly, with some dark pigment only on ventral side of feet. Color of
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has a brown dorsal ground color with an irregular pattern of strongly contrasted small light markings, and neither vertebral stripe nor hourglass-patch. For variation of color in life in other
<figureCitationid="AA7B6AECB12CD83AAB062B05C57B86DE"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 8. Individuals of Boophis kirki sp. nov. in life. A, D Male paratype KU 336967 (CRH 20) from Ranomafana in dorsolateral and ventral view. B, E Male paratype UADBA - CRH 15 (CRH 15) from Ranomafana in dorsolateral and ventral view. C Male paratype KU 336874 (CRH 17) from Ranomafana. F Male paratype KU 336875 (CRH 18) from Ranomafana. G Female (no type status) UADBA - CRH 430 (CRH 430) from Vohidrazana. H Male (no type status) KU 340727 (CRH 449) from Vohidrazana. I, J Male (no type status) KU 340730 (CRH 455) from Vohidrazana in dorsolateral and ventral view. Note the variation in iris color in both populations (Ranomafana and Vohidrazana), with some individual having red color in the outer iris area while others only have light orange color."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151256">8</figureCitation>
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<figureCitationid="032E76DB15C2708250575C641EB40100"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 8. Individuals of Boophis kirki sp. nov. in life. A, D Male paratype KU 336967 (CRH 20) from Ranomafana in dorsolateral and ventral view. B, E Male paratype UADBA - CRH 15 (CRH 15) from Ranomafana in dorsolateral and ventral view. C Male paratype KU 336874 (CRH 17) from Ranomafana. F Male paratype KU 336875 (CRH 18) from Ranomafana. G Female (no type status) UADBA - CRH 430 (CRH 430) from Vohidrazana. H Male (no type status) KU 340727 (CRH 449) from Vohidrazana. I, J Male (no type status) KU 340730 (CRH 455) from Vohidrazana in dorsolateral and ventral view. Note the variation in iris color in both populations (Ranomafana and Vohidrazana), with some individual having red color in the outer iris area while others only have light orange color."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151256">8 D, E</figureCitation>
) while this was not apparent in others (e. g., Fig.
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). The outer iris area was reddish in some specimens (
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<figureCitationid="5793A3C89E510DF3B4E2582DCAA21418"captionStart="Figure 8"captionStartId="F9"captionText="Figure 8. Individuals of Boophis kirki sp. nov. in life. A, D Male paratype KU 336967 (CRH 20) from Ranomafana in dorsolateral and ventral view. B, E Male paratype UADBA - CRH 15 (CRH 15) from Ranomafana in dorsolateral and ventral view. C Male paratype KU 336874 (CRH 17) from Ranomafana. F Male paratype KU 336875 (CRH 18) from Ranomafana. G Female (no type status) UADBA - CRH 430 (CRH 430) from Vohidrazana. H Male (no type status) KU 340727 (CRH 449) from Vohidrazana. I, J Male (no type status) KU 340730 (CRH 455) from Vohidrazana in dorsolateral and ventral view. Note the variation in iris color in both populations (Ranomafana and Vohidrazana), with some individual having red color in the outer iris area while others only have light orange color."figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e121110.figure8"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1151256">8 G</figureCitation>
<paragraphid="BB0E24F6F57F0D5EAFCC7EDF48D702E0">Named after the fictional character Captain James T. Kirk, first portrayed by William Shatner in Gene Roddenberry’s Star Trek (The Original Series), and also portrayed by Chris Pine in J. J. Abrams’ Star Trek films.</paragraph>
<taxonomicNameid="E8A75C9390700CD8FA105E30EABA6469"authorityName="Glaw & Vences"authorityYear="1994"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="marojezensis">
<bibRefCitationid="FDD791550E54F26B22F1DA9E290973CC"DOI="10.3897/zookeys.178.1410"author="Randrianiaina R-D & Strauß A & Glos J & Vences M"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Randrianiaina"journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys"pagination="59-124"refId="B70"refString="Randrianiaina R-D, Strauß A, Glos J, Vences M (2012) Diversity of strongly rheophilous tadpoles of Malagasy tree frogs, genus Boophis (Anura, Mantellidae), and identification of new candidate species via larval DNA sequence and morphology. ZooKeys 178: 59–124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.178.1410"title="Diversity of strongly rheophilous tadpoles of Malagasy tree frogs, genus Boophis (Anura, Mantellidae), and identification of new candidate species via larval DNA sequence and morphology."volume="178"year="2012">Randrianiaina et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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) from Ranomafana. As typical for all tadpoles of the group, the larvae belong to the “ suctorial ” ecomorphological guild. They have a large oral disk used to adhere to stones in fast-flowing water, a labial tooth row formula of 7 (5-7) / 3, and large numbers of oral papillae (297 marginal and 309 submarginal; without dorsal gap). They are characterized by absence of a lateral transparent area of the integument, tail muscle covered by reticulations mainly on the anterior half, and eyes situated between the anterior 3 / 10 and 4 / 10 of the body.
<taxonomicNameid="359BD8B813BC1EF6BE16A1E1478C9F8C"authorityName="Vences & Köhler & Hutter & Preick & Petzold & Rakotoarison & Ratsoavina & Glaw & Scherz"authorityYear="2024"class="Amphibia"family="Mantellidae"genus="Boophis"kingdom="Animalia"order="Anura"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="kirki"status="sp. nov.">
<dateid="880F5326F4A7C3B48866657B701E7C4A"value="1996-03-01">1 March 1996</date>
(ca. 22–23 ° C air temperature) consist of multiple tonal notes of medium duration, repeated at regular intervals. In each call, the first note is always lower in dominant frequency (4640–4895 Hz) compared to subsequent notes (5528–5668 Hz). Moreover, the first 3–5 notes of each call have a lower relative amplitude than subsequent notes. Each note exhibits a distinct upward frequency modulation, encompassing a shift in dominant frequency range of about 700 Hz from the beginning to the end of the note. Within calls, notes tend to become slightly longer in duration from the beginning to the end of the call. Call energy is distributed in a narrow frequency band. Numerical parameters of four analyzed calls are as follows: call duration 2036–2355 ms (2170.0 ± 165.8 ms); notes / call 16–18 (16.8 ± 0.9); note duration 60–105 ms (75.7 ± 10.0 ms); inter-note interval 45–65 ms (54.0 ± 5.2 ms); note repetition rate within calls varies between ca. 6.5–8.2 notes / second; dominant frequency 5538–5604 Hz (5567 ± 34 Hz); prevalent bandwidth 4600–6100 Hz.
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="126ED7456158E875E684983B817DF420">
Calls recorded at Valohoaka, Ranomafana, on
<dateid="DEE5979A918D26879D354CC6043F4FBC"value="2014-01-12"valueMax="2014-01-13"valueMin="2014-01-12">12–13 January 2014</date>
(air temperature not recorded) and corresponding to the voucher specimens
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–336876 agree with the calls described above in overall character, although some shorter calls are evident in the recordings. Numerical parameters of seven analyzed calls of three individuals are as follows: call duration 1180–2630 ms (1944.7 ± 564.5 ms); notes / call 10–19 (14.5 ± 3.2); note duration 54–104 ms (74.4 ± 15.9 ms); inter-note interval 33–71 ms (59.8 ± 9.9 ms); dominant frequency 4981–5604 Hz (5371 ± 205 Hz); prevalent bandwidth 4000–5900 Hz.
455 also agree in character with those from the Ranomafana region described above, but are lower in dominant frequency. Numerical parameters of four analyzed calls are as follows: call duration 1370–1537 ms (1427.3 ± 85.5 ms); notes / call 9–12 (10.0 ± 1.4); note duration 59–105 ms (86.5 ± 13.5 ms); inter-note interval 60–104 ms (72.8 ± 16.3 ms); dominant frequency 3499–4242 Hz (3998 ± 300 Hz); prevalent bandwidth 3300–4500 Hz.
According to the molecular data summarized herein, the species is known from (1) the type locality, Vohiparara, and many other sites in Ranomafana National Park (Ambatolahy, Ambatovory, Fompohonina, Imaloka, Maharira, Mariavaratra, Ranomena, Sahateza, Samahalaotra, Valohoaka, Vatoharanana, Vohimanara), (2) from Antoetra (Farihimazava), based on barcoded specimen
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A 2245 (
<bibRefCitationid="B91210703EE79127F60ABA87000B3608"author="Andreone"etAl="et al."firstAuthor="Andreone"journalOrPublisher="Tropical Zoology"pagination="19-39"refId="B6"refString="Andreone F, Vences M, Glaw F, Randrianirina JE (2007) Remarkable records of amphibians and reptiles on Madagascar’s central high plateau. Tropical Zoology 20: 19–39."title="Remarkable records of amphibians and reptiles on Madagascar’s central high plateau."volume="20"year="2007">Andreone et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
); and (3) from Vohidrazana in the Andasibe region. The elevational range spans from mid elevations (e. g.,
