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176 lines
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<mods:title id="BD8F02D07B0EAEF2B32CAC3105FC75C9">An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D4010EAE17B7E92D5262FA6AEEABC7C8">Ebert, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EB20CFA64699023B95AD7AD9AB459991">Wintner, Sabine P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="72669FE702EE6BD57BED4A06F36C4F31">Kyne, Peter M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9A8C97242C733BF6E6E7E0B4B12B85E8" type="email">debert@mlml.calstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="C327531592A15A00C4539EC0FC7D04A2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039287A19536FFD1CFF75FB6FDED27EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4615028" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181007005" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4615028" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A19536FFD1CFF75FB6FDED27EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287A19536FFD1CFF75FB6FDED27EA" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
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<subSubSection id="C321653C9536FFD1CFF75FB6FEC42596" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79536FFD1CFF75FB6FD1C25BB" blockId="95.[151,1437,1466,1925]" box="[151,741,1466,1493]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
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<heading id="D0CC81DB9536FFD1CFF75FB6FD1C25BB" bold="true" box="[151,741,1466,1493]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349536FFD1CFF75FB6FD1C25BB" ID-CoL="7DV79" ID-ENA="1214759" authority="(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch & Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[151,741,1466,1493]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Urogymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asperrimus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59536FFD1CFF75FB6FD1C25BB" bold="true" box="[151,741,1466,1493]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59536FFD1CFF75FB6FE5E25BB" bold="true" box="[151,423,1466,1493]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Urogymnus asperrimus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469536FFD1CED75FB7FD2425BB" author="Bloch & Schneider" box="[439,733,1466,1492]" firstAuthor="Bloch" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref94137" refString="Bloch, M. E. & Schneider, J. G. (1801) Systema ichthyologiae iconibus ex illustratum. Vol. 2. Sumtibus auctoris impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano commissum, Berlin, 584 pp." type="book" year="1801">Bloch & Schneider, 1801</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79536FFD1CFF75FD3FEC42596" blockId="95.[151,1437,1466,1925]" box="[151,317,1502,1529]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Porcupine Ray</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321653C9536FFD1CFF75C0EFD3F26BF" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79536FFD1CFF75C0EFE8D262F" blockId="95.[151,1437,1466,1925]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2B11999536FFD1CFF75C0EFE8D262F" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69536FFD1CFF75C0EFD572673" author="Bloch, M. E. & Schneider, J. G." box="[151,686,1538,1564]" page="367" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" year="1801">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349536FFD1CFF75C0EFD572673" ID-CoL="6WRN2" authority="Bloch & Schneider, 1801: 367" authorityName="Bloch & Schneider" authorityPageNumber="367" authorityYear="1801" box="[151,686,1538,1564]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Raja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asperrima">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59536FFD1CFF75C0EFEB12673" box="[151,328,1539,1564]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Raja asperrima</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B533CEA9536FFD1CE305C0FFD572673" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3072574305" box="[336,686,1538,1564]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="India" location="Mumbai" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" specimenCode="ZMB 7836" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469536FFD1CE305C0FFD572673" author="Bloch & Schneider" box="[336,686,1538,1564]" firstAuthor="Bloch" page="367" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref94137" refString="Bloch, M. E. & Schneider, J. G. (1801) Systema ichthyologiae iconibus ex illustratum. Vol. 2. Sumtibus auctoris impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano commissum, Berlin, 584 pp." type="book" year="1801">Bloch & Schneider, 1801: 367</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="548088159536FFD1CDDA5C0FFCDE2673" box="[698,807,1538,1564]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DB9D9ECC9536FFD1CC535C0EFC492673" box="[819,944,1538,1565]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="Museum">ZMB 7836</specimenCode>
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(dry skin, partial specimen). Type locality:
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<collectingCountry id="F32C76279536FFD1CFA65C2BFED1262F" box="[198,296,1574,1600]" name="India" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Mumbai</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F32C76279536FFD1CE535C2BFE89262F" box="[307,368,1574,1600]" name="India" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79536FFD1CFF75C47FD3F26BF" blockId="95.[151,1437,1466,1925]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59536FFD1CFF75C47FEA5260B" bold="true" box="[151,348,1610,1636]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Local synonymy</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349536FFD1CE0D5C46FCB1260A" ID-CoL="4RWPZ" authority=": Smith, 1952 a: 225" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="225" authorityYear="1952" box="[365,840,1610,1637]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Urogymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59536FFD1CE0D5C46FD9B260B" box="[365,610,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Urogymnus africanus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469536FFD1CD135C47FCB1260A" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[627,840,1610,1637]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="223 - 226" refId="ref114777" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1952 a) A new hound shark from South Africa, and new records. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 5, 223 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935208654285" type="journal article" year="1952">Smith, 1952a: 225</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469536FFD1CC365C47FBD2260A" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[854,1067,1610,1637]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref115467" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1961 a) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 4 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., Cape Town, 580 pp." type="book" year="1961">Smith, 1961a: 512</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 82a:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469536FFD1CBC05C47FA90260A" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[1184,1385,1610,1637]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref115700" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1965) The Sea Fishes of Southern Africa. 5 th Edition. Central News Agency Ltd., 580 pp." type="book" year="1965">Smith, 1965: 512</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 82a.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349536FFD1CF9E5C62FC7326E7" ID-CoL="7DV79" authority=": Compagno & Heemstra, 1984: 3" authorityName="Compagno & Heemstra" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1984" box="[254,906,1646,1673]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Urogymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asperrimus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59536FFD1CF9E5C62FDFF26E7" box="[254,518,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Urogymnus asperrimus</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69536FFD1CD765C63FC7326E7" box="[534,906,1646,1673]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469536FFD1CD765C63FC7326E7" author="Compagno & Heemstra" box="[534,906,1646,1673]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="3" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref95933" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. & Heemstra, P. C. (1984) Himantura draco, a new species of stingray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from South Africa, with a key to the Dasyatidae and the first record of Dasyatis kuhlii (M ʾ ller & Henle, 1841) from southern Africa. J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology Special Publication, 33, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1984">Compagno & Heemstra, 1984: 3</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469536FFD1CCF85C63FB6F26E7" author="Compagno" box="[920,1174,1646,1672]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="141" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="144 - 147" refId="ref95556" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Pristidae, Narkidae, Rhinobatidae, Myliobatidae, Mobulidae, Dasyatidae, Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Callorhinchidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 110 - 142, 144 - 147." type="journal article" year="1986">Compagno, 1986: 141</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 30.15;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469536FFD1CA415C63FE7926C3" author="Compagno" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="110" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref96138" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp." type="book" year="1989">
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Compagno
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59536FFD1CFA65C9EFF0126C3" box="[198,248,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
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., 1989: 110
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</bibRefCitation>
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, pl.;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469536FFD1CED75C9FFD4D26C3" author="Compagno" box="[439,692,1682,1708]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="117" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="75 - 120" refId="ref95720" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406" type="journal article" year="1999">Compagno, 1999: 117</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469536FFD1CDA05C9FFBF526C3" author="Ebert & van Hees" box="[704,1036,1682,1709]" firstAuthor="Ebert" page="147" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="141 - 156" refId="ref99877" refString="Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the " Lost Sharks " of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730" type="journal article" year="2015">Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 147</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469536FFD1CB785C9EFAE026C3" author="Last" box="[1048,1305,1682,1709]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Last" page="363" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="345 - 368" refId="ref107497" refString="Last, P. R., Naylor, G. J. P. & Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M. (2016 h) A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights. Zootaxa, 4139 (3), 345 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4139.3.2" type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="h">
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Last
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59536FFD1CB305C9EFB7826C3" box="[1104,1153,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
., 2016h: 363
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469536FFD1CA455C9EFEB826BF" author="Last" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Last" page="614" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="522 - 618" refId="ref107378" refString="Last, P. R., Manjaji-Matsumoto, B. M., Naylor, G. J. P. & White, W. T. (2016 i) Stingrays. Family Dasyatidae. In: Last, P. R., White, W. T., de Carvalho, M. E., Seret, B., Stehmann, M. F. W. & Naylor, G. J. P. (Eds.), Rays of the World. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, pp. 522 - 618. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643109148" type="book chapter" year="2016" yearSuffix="i">
|
|||
|
|
Last
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59536FFD1CA3D5C9EFA7726C3" box="[1373,1422,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FF8510779536FFD1CFA65CBBFEF326BF" box="[198,266,1718,1744]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2016-01">2016i</date>
|
|||
|
|
: 614
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, fig. 25.85;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469536FFD1CEA75CBBFD3826BF" author="Weigmann, S." box="[455,705,1718,1744]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="837 - 1037" refId="ref118762" refString="Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874" type="journal article" year="2016">Weigmann, 2016: 977</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C321653C9536FFD1CFF75CD7FBF12777" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8436B79536FFD1CFF75CD7FC20269A" blockId="95.[151,1437,1466,1925]" box="[151,985,1754,1781]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59536FFD1CFF75CD7FDFB269B" bold="true" box="[151,514,1754,1780]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279536FFD1CFF75CD7FED6269B" box="[151,303,1754,1780]" name="South Africa" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
voucher material
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: None known in South African museums.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8436B79536FFD1CFF75CF3FBF12777" blockId="95.[151,1437,1466,1925]" box="[151,1032,1790,1817]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59536FFD1CFF75CF3FE2A2777" bold="true" box="[151,467,1790,1816]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">South African distribution</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: Along the KZN coast to the
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279536FFD1CC7E5CF3FC4B2777" box="[798,946,1790,1816]" name="Mozambique" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
border.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C321653C9536FFD1CFF75D2FFDED27EA" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8436B79536FFD1CFF75D2FFB54270E" blockId="95.[151,1437,1466,1925]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59536FFD1CFF75D2FFEFD2753" bold="true" box="[151,260,1826,1852]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Remarks</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: A very little known species in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279536FFD1CD025D2FFD0B2753" box="[610,754,1826,1852]" name="South Africa" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, it is wide-ranging throughout the tropical Indo-West Pacific. Generally rare, but can be locally common at certain locations (e.g. in parts of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279536FFD1CB555D4BFB58270E" box="[1077,1185,1862,1889]" name="Australia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8436B79536FFD1CFF75D67FDED27EA" blockId="95.[151,1437,1466,1925]" box="[151,532,1898,1925]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59536FFD1CFF75D67FE7D27EB" bold="true" box="[151,388,1898,1924]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Conservation status</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: VU (2016).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|