treatments-xml/data/03/8A/F5/038AF505A313960E57BDF9F6FB1F99CC.xml

<document id="5EA7B42D2FCFFFC9264337FFF8624A99" ID-CLB-Dataset="304161" ID-DOI="10.5070/P9401462457" ID-GBIF-Dataset="55f81c30-f18f-44ef-a480-dc7531b3b818" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913330" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1712167746961" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wheeler, Elisabeth A., Manchester, Steven R. &amp; Baas, Pieter" docDate="2023" docId="038AF505A313960E57BDF9F6FB1F99CC" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.40.14.1-55.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 40 (14)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p9401462457" docStyle="DocumentStyle:76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81.3:PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Hamamelidoxylon LIGNIER 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FFB38D7DA33F9621547BFFC0FFD49B4F" masterDocTitle="A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1731588244673" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="D8AD7825F1A6F5C9500D6E60BBD3E3E0">A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0F3D4D0E97153A04684025742931B396">Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A313960D57BDF9F6FABC9D1E" box="[966,1384,1590,1618]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A313960D57BDF9F6FABC9D1E" blockId="44.[950,1401,1483,1657]" box="[966,1384,1590,1618]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A313960D57BDF9F6FABC9D1E" authority="LIGNIER, 1907 " authorityName="LIGNIER" authorityYear="1907" box="[966,1384,1590,1618]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Hamamelidoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9579801A313960D57BDF9F6FB179D1D" box="[966,1219,1590,1618]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">HAMAMELIDOXYLON</emphasis>
LIGNIER, 1907
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A313960D5794F99CFA949D36" box="[1007,1344,1628,1657]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A313960D5794F99CFA949D36" blockId="44.[950,1401,1483,1657]" box="[1007,1344,1628,1657]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">
CF. 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A313960D5062F99DFA949D36" box="[1049,1344,1628,1657]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Hamamelidoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9579801A313960D5062F99DFAC29D36" box="[1049,1302,1629,1657]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">HAMAMELIDOXYLON</emphasis>
SP.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3391798A313960E5022F949FB1F99CC" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A313960D5022F949FB019DEE" blockId="44.[1113,1237,1673,1697]" box="[1113,1237,1673,1697]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">
<figureCitation id="13185896A313960D5022F949FB019DEE" box="[1113,1237,1673,1697]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="46.[110,185,1601,1625]" captionTargetBox="[139,1489,405,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-203@46.[139,1489,405,1585]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 21. Incertae Sedis. cf. Hamamelidoxylon sp., UF 278-84876. A, B. Wood diffuse-porous, vessels solitary, angular in outline, TS. C, D. Scalariform perforation plates, RLS. E. Transitional intervessel pitting,,scalariform to opposite, TLS. F. Vessel-ray parenchyma (VRP) pits horizontally elongate, RLS. G. Ray cellular composition, intermixed square, upright, and barely procumbent cells. H. Rays exclusively uniseriate, T next to beginning of tyloses formation, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm B, H; 50 µm in C; D, G; 20 µm in E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913372/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">FIG. 21A–H</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A313960F5724F977FD389CD5" blockId="44.[831,1520,1719,1957]" lastBlockId="46.[112,800,1779,1946]" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B9579801A313960D5724F977FBCF9D9E" bold="true" box="[863,1051,1719,1745]" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Description—</emphasis>
Wood diffuse-porous, narrow growth increments, boundaries of 1–3 radially narrow fibers (
<figureCitation id="13185896A313960D5733F93EFC189C57" box="[840,972,1790,1816]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="46.[110,185,1601,1625]" captionTargetBox="[139,1489,405,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-203@46.[139,1489,405,1585]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 21. Incertae Sedis. cf. Hamamelidoxylon sp., UF 278-84876. A, B. Wood diffuse-porous, vessels solitary, angular in outline, TS. C, D. Scalariform perforation plates, RLS. E. Transitional intervessel pitting,,scalariform to opposite, TLS. F. Vessel-ray parenchyma (VRP) pits horizontally elongate, RLS. G. Ray cellular composition, intermixed square, upright, and barely procumbent cells. H. Rays exclusively uniseriate, T next to beginning of tyloses formation, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm B, H; 50 µm in C; D, G; 20 µm in E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913372/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Fig. 21A, B</figureCitation>
). Vessels predominantly solitary, overlapping end walls of vessel elements appearing as tangential or oblique pairs; vessels angular in outline (
<figureCitation id="13185896A313960D512BF884FA349C10" box="[1360,1504,1860,1887]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="46.[110,185,1601,1625]" captionTargetBox="[139,1489,405,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-203@46.[139,1489,405,1585]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 21. Incertae Sedis. cf. Hamamelidoxylon sp., UF 278-84876. A, B. Wood diffuse-porous, vessels solitary, angular in outline, TS. C, D. Scalariform perforation plates, RLS. E. Transitional intervessel pitting,,scalariform to opposite, TLS. F. Vessel-ray parenchyma (VRP) pits horizontally elongate, RLS. G. Ray cellular composition, intermixed square, upright, and barely procumbent cells. H. Rays exclusively uniseriate, T next to beginning of tyloses formation, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm B, H; 50 µm in C; D, G; 20 µm in E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913372/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">Fig. 21A, B</figureCitation>
); very narrow to narrow, average tangential diameter 43 (9) µm; very numerous,&gt; 
<quantity id="4CDBE9F6A313960D50F2F84BFB269CEA" box="[1161,1266,1931,1957]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
<superScript id="7C56E95BA313960D5089F84AFB299CD2" attach="left" box="[1266,1277,1930,1949]" fontSize="8" pageId="44" pageNumber="43">2</superScript>
. Perforation plates exclusively scalariform with more than 20 bars (
<figureCitation id="13185896A311960F56CDF933FF539C7E" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="46.[110,185,1601,1625]" captionTargetBox="[139,1489,405,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-203@46.[139,1489,405,1585]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 21. Incertae Sedis. cf. Hamamelidoxylon sp., UF 278-84876. A, B. Wood diffuse-porous, vessels solitary, angular in outline, TS. C, D. Scalariform perforation plates, RLS. E. Transitional intervessel pitting,,scalariform to opposite, TLS. F. Vessel-ray parenchyma (VRP) pits horizontally elongate, RLS. G. Ray cellular composition, intermixed square, upright, and barely procumbent cells. H. Rays exclusively uniseriate, T next to beginning of tyloses formation, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm B, H; 50 µm in C; D, G; 20 µm in E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913372/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Fig. 21C, D</figureCitation>
), 34–42 bars counted. Intervessel pits scalariform to opposite. (
<figureCitation id="13185896A311960F548DF8F9FEB09C1C" box="[246,356,1849,1875]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="46.[110,185,1601,1625]" captionTargetBox="[139,1489,405,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-203@46.[139,1489,405,1585]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 21. Incertae Sedis. cf. Hamamelidoxylon sp., UF 278-84876. A, B. Wood diffuse-porous, vessels solitary, angular in outline, TS. C, D. Scalariform perforation plates, RLS. E. Transitional intervessel pitting,,scalariform to opposite, TLS. F. Vessel-ray parenchyma (VRP) pits horizontally elongate, RLS. G. Ray cellular composition, intermixed square, upright, and barely procumbent cells. H. Rays exclusively uniseriate, T next to beginning of tyloses formation, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm B, H; 50 µm in C; D, G; 20 µm in E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913372/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Fig. 21E</figureCitation>
) Vessel-ray parenchyma pits horizontally elongate, half-bordered or with slightly reduced borders (
<figureCitation id="13185896A311960F5499F840FE9F9CD5" box="[226,331,1920,1946]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="46.[110,185,1601,1625]" captionTargetBox="[139,1489,405,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-203@46.[139,1489,405,1585]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 21. Incertae Sedis. cf. Hamamelidoxylon sp., UF 278-84876. A, B. Wood diffuse-porous, vessels solitary, angular in outline, TS. C, D. Scalariform perforation plates, RLS. E. Transitional intervessel pitting,,scalariform to opposite, TLS. F. Vessel-ray parenchyma (VRP) pits horizontally elongate, RLS. G. Ray cellular composition, intermixed square, upright, and barely procumbent cells. H. Rays exclusively uniseriate, T next to beginning of tyloses formation, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm B, H; 50 µm in C; D, G; 20 µm in E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913372/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Fig. 21F</figureCitation>
). Widely spaced tyloses common.
</paragraph>
<subSection id="E2AC5DF8A312960C54F6F8B1FE1C9CC6" box="[141,456,1905,1930]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A312960C54F6F8B1FE1C9CC6" blockId="45.[141,456,1905,1930]" box="[141,456,1905,1930]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9579801A312960C54F6F8B1FF289CC6" bold="true" box="[141,252,1905,1929]" pageId="45" pageNumber="44">Figure 20</emphasis>
. Caption on pg. 45.
</paragraph>
</subSection>
<caption id="DF5C149BA311960F540AFF02FCCE9A2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13890627" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13890627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13890627/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" startId="46.[113,188,194,218]" targetBox="[149,1481,193,1878]" targetPageId="45" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A311960F540AFF02FCCE9A2F" blockId="46.[112,1516,194,352]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F540AFF02FF319B95" bold="true" box="[113,229,194,218]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Figure 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A311960F5490FF02FE5D9B95" box="[235,393,194,218]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malpighiaceae</taxonomicName>
?. UF 278-84892. 
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F5639FF02FDBB9B95" bold="true" box="[578,623,194,218]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">A‒C</emphasis>
. Distinct growth ring boundaries, wood diffuse-porous, vessels predominantly in radial multiples, TS. 
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F5530FF1DFE899BBA" bold="true" box="[331,349,221,245]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">D</emphasis>
. Simple perforation plates (PP), ray cells predominantly procumbent. RLS. 
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F50F9FF1DFB459BBA" bold="true" box="[1154,1169,221,245]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">E</emphasis>
. Scalariform perforation plate with 5 bars, RLS. 
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F5552FF38FEEE9A5F" bold="true" box="[297,314,248,272]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">F.</emphasis>
Perforation plate with partial bars, RLS. 
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F5694FF37FCD19A40" bold="true" box="[751,773,247,271]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">G.</emphasis>
Crowded alternate intervessel pitting. RLS. 
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F50A7FF38FB219A5F" bold="true" box="[1244,1269,248,272]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">H.</emphasis>
Vessel-ray parenchyma pits. RLS? 
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F5551FED2FEED9A65" bold="true" box="[298,313,274,298]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">I.</emphasis>
Tyloses in vessels, ray cells predominantly procumbent. RLS. 
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F57ABFED2FC219A65" bold="true" box="[976,1013,274,298]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">J, K</emphasis>
. Rays uniseriate and partially biseriate, axial parenchyma strands. TLS. 
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F55F0FEEDFE4D9A0A" bold="true" box="[395,409,301,325]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">L</emphasis>
. Short vessel element, simple perforation plate (PP), rays partially biseriate. TLS. Scale bars=500 µm in A; 200 µm in B; 100 µm in C, I, J; 50 µm in D, K, L; 20 µm in E‒H.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5C149BA311960F5415F981FECD9D8B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913372/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" startId="46.[110,185,1601,1625]" targetBox="[139,1489,405,1582]" targetPageId="46" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A311960F5415F981FECD9D8B" blockId="46.[110,1512,1601,1733]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F5415F981FF379D16" bold="true" box="[110,227,1601,1625]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Figure 21.</emphasis>
Incertae Sedis. cf. 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A311960F55D2F981FD5E9D14" box="[425,650,1601,1627]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Hamamelidoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="46" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F55D2F981FDBC9D16" box="[425,616,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Hamamelidoxylon</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, UF 278-84876. 
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F5746F981FCBD9D15" bold="true" box="[829,873,1601,1626]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">A, B</emphasis>
. Wood diffuse-porous, vessels solitary, angular in outline, TS. 
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F54EFF99CFF149D3B" bold="true" box="[148,192,1628,1652]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">C, D</emphasis>
. Scalariform perforation plates, RLS. 
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F5634F99CFD8A9D3B" bold="true" box="[591,606,1628,1652]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">E</emphasis>
. Transitional intervessel pitting,,scalariform to opposite, TLS. 
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F5178F99CFAC09D3B" bold="true" box="[1283,1300,1628,1652]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">F.</emphasis>
Vessel-ray parenchyma (VRP) pits horizontally elongate, RLS. 
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F5628F9B7FDB79DC0" bold="true" box="[595,611,1655,1679]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">G</emphasis>
. Ray cellular composition, intermixed square, upright, and barely procumbent cells. 
<emphasis id="B9579801A311960F5415F952FF539DE5" bold="true" box="[110,135,1682,1706]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">H.</emphasis>
Rays exclusively uniseriate, T next to beginning of tyloses formation, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm B, H; 50 µm in C; D, G; 20 µm in E, F.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A311960F5719F933FC0C9C7F" blockId="46.[834,1522,1779,1946]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Fibers non-septate, thin-walled, bordered pits on radial walls.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A311960F5719F8F9FADD9C38" blockId="46.[834,1522,1779,1946]" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
Axial parenchyma diffuse and scanty paratracheal, in strands of 5 or more cells (
<figureCitation id="13185896A311960F50F6F89CFB2F9C38" box="[1165,1275,1884,1911]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="46.[110,185,1601,1625]" captionTargetBox="[139,1489,405,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-203@46.[139,1489,405,1585]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 21. Incertae Sedis. cf. Hamamelidoxylon sp., UF 278-84876. A, B. Wood diffuse-porous, vessels solitary, angular in outline, TS. C, D. Scalariform perforation plates, RLS. E. Transitional intervessel pitting,,scalariform to opposite, TLS. F. Vessel-ray parenchyma (VRP) pits horizontally elongate, RLS. G. Ray cellular composition, intermixed square, upright, and barely procumbent cells. H. Rays exclusively uniseriate, T next to beginning of tyloses formation, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm B, H; 50 µm in C; D, G; 20 µm in E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913372/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Fig. 21H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A311960E5719F840FEAF9A4F" blockId="46.[834,1522,1779,1946]" lastBlockId="47.[112,801,195,1946]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">
Rays uniseriate (
<figureCitation id="13185896A311960F5048F840FB779CD5" box="[1075,1187,1920,1946]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="45.[141,216,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[149,1481,193,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-23@45.[149,1481,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figure 20. Caption on pg. 45." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913370/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="45">Fig. 20H</figureCitation>
), heterocellular, composed of intermixed procumbent, square, and upright cells (
<figureCitation id="13185896A310960E5689FF03FF739A4F" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="46.[110,185,1601,1625]" captionTargetBox="[139,1489,405,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-203@46.[139,1489,405,1585]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Figure 21. Incertae Sedis. cf. Hamamelidoxylon sp., UF 278-84876. A, B. Wood diffuse-porous, vessels solitary, angular in outline, TS. C, D. Scalariform perforation plates, RLS. E. Transitional intervessel pitting,,scalariform to opposite, TLS. F. Vessel-ray parenchyma (VRP) pits horizontally elongate, RLS. G. Ray cellular composition, intermixed square, upright, and barely procumbent cells. H. Rays exclusively uniseriate, T next to beginning of tyloses formation, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm B, H; 50 µm in C; D, G; 20 µm in E, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913372/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Fig. 21G</figureCitation>
); 9–14 rays/mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A310960E54EBFEC9FD6A9A6C" blockId="47.[112,801,195,1946]" box="[144,702,265,292]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Crystals and oil/mucilage cells not observed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A310960E54EBFEECFE9D9A25" blockId="47.[112,801,195,1946]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E54EBFEECFEE39A09" bold="true" box="[144,311,300,326]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Specimen—</emphasis>
UF 278-84876, estimated maximum diameter 
<quantity id="4CDBE9F6A310960E5493FE8FFE929A25" box="[232,326,335,362]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 cm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A310960E54EBFEB3FDEB9AC2" blockId="47.[112,801,195,1946]" box="[144,575,371,397]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E54EBFEB3FE939AC2" bold="true" box="[144,327,371,397]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Occurrence—</emphasis>
Dietz Hill (UF 278).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A310960E54EBFE56FD7B9EC5" blockId="47.[112,801,195,1946]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E54EBFE56FD9C9AFF" bold="true" box="[144,584,406,432]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Comparison to extant woods—</emphasis>
We did multiple searches of the IW database for modern woods; all searches included diffuse-porous wood (5p), predominantly solitary vessels angular in outline (9p, 12p), exclusively scalariform perforation plates with more than 10 bars (13a, 14p, 15a), scalariform intervessel pits (20p), narrow numerous vessels (42a, 43a, 46a, 47a, 48a), non-septate fibers with bordered pits (62p, 66p) axial parenchyma not obvious (77a, 79–89a), exclusively uniseriate heterocellular rays (96p 104a, 105a). These searches returned 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E552DFD36FDFA985F" authorityName="R. BROWN" authorityYear="1818" box="[342,558,758,784]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hamamelidaceae</taxonomicName>
, usually 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E56EDFD36FECF987C" authority="H. T. Chang (1948)" authorityName="H. T. Chang" authorityYear="1948" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Chunia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E56EDFD36FD38985D" box="[662,748,758,786]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Chunia</emphasis>
H.T. Chang (1948)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E555EFCD8FD5F987B" authority="R. W. Br. (1946)" authorityName="R. W. Br." authorityYear="1946" box="[293,651,792,820]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Exbucklandia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E555EFCD8FE1F987B" box="[293,459,792,820]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Exbucklandia</emphasis>
R.W. Br. (1946)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E56ECFCD9FF049818" authority="Gronov." authorityName="Gronov." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Hamamelis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E56ECFCD9FCF5987C" box="[663,801,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Hamamelis</emphasis>
Gronov.
</taxonomicName>
ex L. (1753), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E55C2FCFCFD089818" authority="Mirb. (1816)" authorityName="Mirb." authorityYear="1816" box="[441,732,828,855]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Theaceae Mirb. (1816)</taxonomicName>
, usually 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E54D9FC9EFD709835" authority="W. Bartram ex Marshall (1785)" authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1785" box="[162,676,862,890]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Franklinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E54D9FC9EFEF59835" box="[162,289,862,890]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Franklinia</emphasis>
W. Bartram ex Marshall (1785)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E56D4FCA0FED098D2" authority="Ellis (1770)" authorityName="Ellis" authorityYear="1770" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Gordonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E56D4FCA0FCF49833" box="[687,800,864,892]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Gordonia</emphasis>
Ellis (1770)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E5569FC43FD7698D2" authority="Reinw. ex Blume (1823)" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1823" box="[274,674,899,925]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Schima" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E5569FC43FEBF98D2" box="[274,363,899,925]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Schima</emphasis>
Reinw. ex Blume (1823)
</taxonomicName>
. Although in different orders, 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E551FFC66FF1398AC" authority="Bertchtold and J. Presl. (1820)" authorityName="Bertchtold and J. Presl." authorityYear="1820" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Saxifragales Bertchtold and J. Presl. (1820)</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E557DFC09FD3A98AB" authority="Bertchtold and J. Presl. (1820)" authorityName="Bertchtold and J. Presl." authorityYear="1820" box="[262,750,969,996]" class="Magnoliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Ericales Bertchtold and J. Presl. (1820)</taxonomicName>
, respectively, these families have some genera with similar combinations of wood anatomical features, making it difficult, often impossible, to determine the familial affinities of small, isolated pieces of wood. The anatomy of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E54B8FBB9FEED9FDC" box="[195,313,1145,1171]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Theaceae</taxonomicName>
has been reviewed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A310960E5624FBB9FF699FF8" author="Liang, D. &amp; P. Baas" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" pagination="337 - 378" refId="ref36683" refString="Liang, D. and P. Baas. 1990. Wood anatomy of trees and shrubs from China. II. Theaceae. IAWA Bulletin n. s. 11 (4): 337 - 378. [https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22941932 - 90000525]." type="journal article" year="1990">Liang and Baas (1990</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A310960E54B2FB5DFEDE9FF8" author="Liang, D. &amp; P. Baas" box="[201,266,1181,1207]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" pagination="333 - 353" refId="ref36737" refString="Liang, D. and P. Baas. 1991. Wood anatomy of the Theaceae. IAWA Journal 12 (3): 333 - 353. [https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22941932 - 90001258]." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
); the anatomy of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E566CFB5CFD399FF9" authorityName="R. BROWN" authorityYear="1818" box="[535,749,1180,1206]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hamamelidaceae</taxonomicName>
has been reviewed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A310960E5530FB00FE359F95" author="Tang, Y." box="[331,481,1216,1242]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" pagination="8 - 63" refId="ref39984" refString="Tang, Y. 1943. Systematic anatomy of the woods of the Hamamelidaceae. Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology (New Series) 1 (1): 8 - 63." type="journal article" year="1943">Tang (1943)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A310960E5662FB00FCCF9F95" author="Wheeler, E. A. &amp; J. Lee &amp; P. Baas" box="[537,795,1216,1242]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" pagination="399 - 423" refId="ref41059" refString="Wheeler, E. A., J. Lee and P. Baas. 2010. Wood anatomy of the Altingiaceae and Hamamelidaceae. IAWA Journal 31 (4): 399 - 423. [https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22941932 - 90000032]." type="journal article" year="2010">Wheeler et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
. Descriptions of species of both families appear in wood anatomical atlases (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A310960E55E6FAC7FD0E9E6F" author="Pearson, R. S. &amp; H. P. Brown" box="[413,730,1286,1313]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" refId="ref38118" refString="Pearson, R. S. and H. P. Brown. 1932. Commercial Timbers of India. Their Distribution, Supplies, Anatomical Xtructure, Physical and Mechanical Properties and Uses. Volume I. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, 548 pp." type="book" year="1932">Pearson and Brown 1932</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A310960E569DFAC7FEBE9E0B" author="Metcalfe, C. R. &amp; L. Chalk" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" refId="ref37662" refString="Metcalfe, C. R. and L. Chalk. 1950. Anatomy of the Dicotyledons. 2 vols. Clarendon Press, Oxford, U. K., 1500 pp." type="book" year="1950">Metcalfe and Chalk 1950</bibRefCitation>
, Suzuki, et al. 1991, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A310960E5623FAE9FCCE9E0C" author="Sosef, M. S. M. &amp; L. T. Hong &amp; S. Prawirohatmodjo" box="[600,794,1321,1348]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" refId="ref39473" refString="Sosef, M. S. M., L. T. Hong and S. Prawirohatmodjo (eds.). 1998. Plant Resources of South-East Asia. No. 5 (3). Timber Trees: Lesser-known Timbers. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 859 pp." type="book" year="1998">Sosef et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A310960E540BFA8CFEE69E28" author="Itoh, T. B. &amp; Pan, P. &amp; Baas, J. &amp; Luo, D. &amp; Li, Y. &amp; Cui, F. &amp; Wang &amp; M. Mertz &amp; Y. Yasumoto" box="[112,306,1356,1383]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" refId="ref36047" refString="Itoh, T. B. Pan, P. Baas, J. Luo, D. Li, Y. Cui, F. Wang. M. Mertz and Y. Yasumoto. 2022. Anatomical Atlas and Database of Chinese Woods. Kaiseisha Press. 2679 pp." type="book" year="2022">Itoh et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
, and the online FFPRI Wood Database, https://db.ffpri.go.jp/WoodDB/index-E.html).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A310960E54EBFA53FE7D9CD5" blockId="47.[112,801,195,1946]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E54EBFA53FDC09EE2" bold="true" box="[144,532,1427,1453]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Comparison to fossil woods—</emphasis>
A search of the IW fossil wood database using the same features given above returned species assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E558DFA1AFF139D58" authority="Mathiesen (1932)" authorityName="Mathiesen" authorityYear="1932" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Corylopsites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E558DFA1AFD5B9EB9" box="[502,655,1498,1526]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Corylopsites</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A310960E56E1FA19FF139D58" author="Mathiesen, Fr. J." pageId="47" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref37533" refString="Mathiesen, Fr. J. 1932. Notes on some fossil plants from east Greenland. Meddelelser om Gronland 85 (4): 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1932">Mathiesen (1932)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E5570FA3CFD7A9D58" authority="Lignier (1907)" authorityName="LIGNIER" authorityYear="1907" box="[267,686,1532,1559]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Hamamelidoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E5570FA3CFE3D9D59" box="[267,489,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Hamamelidoxylon</emphasis>
Lignier (1907)
</taxonomicName>
. The description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E557BF9E0FCF49D75" authority="Mathiesen (1932)" authorityName="Mathiesen" authorityYear="1932" box="[256,800,1568,1596]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Corylopsites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E557BF9E0FD949D73" box="[256,576,1568,1596]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Corylopsites groenlandicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A310960E563FF9E0FCF49D75" author="Mathiesen, Fr. J." box="[580,800,1568,1594]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref37533" refString="Mathiesen, Fr. J. 1932. Notes on some fossil plants from east Greenland. Meddelelser om Gronland 85 (4): 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1932">Mathiesen (1932)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
lacks details on vessel-ray parenchyma pitting, vessel element frequency; it differs in having crystals in both ray and axial parenchyma cells. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A310960E5595F949FF6F9D88" author="Wheeler, E. A. &amp; S. R. Manchester" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" pagination="299 - 329" refId="ref41269" refString="Wheeler, E. A. and S. R. Manchester. 2021. A diverse assemblage of late Eocene woods from Oregon, USA. Fossil Imprint 77 (2): 299 - 329. [https: // doi. org / 10.37520 / fi. 2021.022]." type="journal article" year="2021">
Wheeler and 
<collectingRegion id="49E78AF1A310960E56F4F949FCF49DEC" box="[655,800,1673,1699]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Manchester</collectingRegion>
(2021
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6A171A8A310960E54BEF96CFEC99D88" box="[197,285,1708,1735]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="18.[111,175,194,218]" captionTargetBox="[128,1430,342,701]" captionTargetId="graphics-674@18.[114,1502,377,711]" captionText="Table 2. Comparison of fossil Fagus woods from Dietz Hill with Fagus dodgei from Post Hammer (UF 279, late Eocene, Wheeler and Manchester 2021) and Fagus manosii (mid-Miocene, Wheeler and Dillhoff 2009). VTD=vessel tangential diameter in µm, mean (SD); V/mm2=number of vessels per square mm; Lrg Ray=large ray, number of cells wide; Cmp=compound ray; Lrg Ray Ht.=large ray height in µm, mean (SD, when known), range." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C149BA32D96335414FF02FD389A65" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" tableDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13891735" tableUuid="DF5C149BA32D96335414FF02FD389A65">Table 2</tableCitation>
) compared 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E55D7F96CFD309D89" box="[428,740,1708,1734]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E55D7F96CFD519D89" box="[428,645,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Hamamelidoxylon</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
with reasonably complete descriptions. Of those species, the most similar to this Dietz Hill (UF 278) wood is 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E56C3F931FD839C7F" authority="Wheeler and Manchester (2002)" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="2002" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Hamamelidoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uniseriatum">
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E56C3F931FF109C7F" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">H. uniseriatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A310960E54B2F8D6FD839C7F" author="Wheeler, E. A. &amp; S. R. Manchester" box="[201,599,1814,1840]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 188" refId="ref41110" refString="Wheeler, E. A. and S. R. Manchester. 2002. Woods of the Eocene Nut Beds flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA. IAWA Journal Supplement 3: 1 - 188." type="journal article" year="2002">Wheeler and Manchester (2002)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the middle Eocene Clarno Nut Beds (but this species usually has rays with procumbent body cells, not intermixed procumbent, square, and upright cells.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A310960E571AFF03FB1F99CC" blockId="47.[833,1522,195,644]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
One of the results, cf. 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E5015FF03FAA19B92" box="[1134,1397,195,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Hamamelidoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E5015FF03FA9F9B92" box="[1134,1355,195,221]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Hamamelidoxylon</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A310960E5107FF03FC699A4E" author="Terada, K. &amp; H. Nishida &amp; Sun Ge." pageId="47" pageNumber="46" pagination="192 - 208" refId="ref40020" refString="Terada, K., H. Nishida and Sun Ge. 2011. Fossil woods from the Upper Cretaceous to Paleocene of Heilongjang (Amur) River area of China and Russia. Global Geology 14 (3): 192 - 208. [https: // doi. org / 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1673 - 9736. 2011. 03. 0]." type="journal article" year="2011">Terada et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
, was considered “Family 
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E517BFF25FA679A4E" box="[1280,1459,229,257]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">incertae sedis”</emphasis>
. The authors noted that this wood 
<typeStatus id="5498FAB1A310960E50CDFECAFB399A6B" box="[1206,1261,266,292]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
had features seen in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E5715FEECFB909A09" authorityName="R. BROWN" authorityYear="1818" box="[878,1092,300,326]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hamamelidaceae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E5007FEECFB279A09" box="[1148,1267,300,326]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Theaceae</taxonomicName>
, as well as 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E510EFEECFC299A25" authority="A. C. Sm. (1947)" authorityName="A. C. Sm." authorityYear="1947" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Illiciaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Illiciaceae A.C. Sm. (1947)</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E507EFE90FBAB9A25" box="[1029,1151,336,362]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Illiciaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Illiciaceae</taxonomicName>
wood has narrow rays, but not exclusively uniseriate rays and so is not similar to the Dietz Hill (UF 278) fossil. We follow Terada et al.’s example and note that while UF 278-84876 has a combination of features that are consistent with 
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E5099FE1CFA119AB9" box="[1250,1477,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E5099FE1CFA149AB9" authorityName="LIGNIER" authorityYear="1907" box="[1250,1472,476,502]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Hamamelidoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hamamelidoxylon</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
we cannot assign it to family. We suggest that some other 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E573AFDE3FB569972" box="[833,1154,547,573]" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B9579801A310960E573AFDE3FBCA9972" box="[833,1054,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="46">Hamamelidoxylon</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
need reassessment to determine whether or not they have combinations of features unique to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A310960E5795FDA9FB1399CC" authorityName="R. BROWN" authorityYear="1818" box="[1006,1223,617,643]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="47" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hamamelidaceae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>