548 lines
66 KiB
XML
548 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document id="0F26FF7058BDCBE57217D164B8469F71" ID-CLB-Dataset="20295" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.538.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="02079718-39e5-4bc6-8518-0dea7c2c574b" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6331984" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1646593921420" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Memariani, Farshid, Behroozian, Maryam & Joharchi, Mohammad Reza" docDate="2022" docId="C91087A3FFE0FFF0B8AEFB0406D5F84B" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.538.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 538 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Allium parhamii Memariani 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="3529FFDBFFE1FFF3B826FF900621FFF4" masterDocTitle="Allium parhamii (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae), a new species from Central Kopet Dagh Mountains, NE Iran" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1699316821684" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="01A129E2480417B87DB277929163809E">Allium parhamii (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae), a new species from Central Kopet Dagh Mountains, NE Iran</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="FBF68BE42555D02DF73FCD63656C7449" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="266F3B6639DA55A49A4B1FAE93B0E076">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BBD243F614C06886F28CCBE42506DDF7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="155C6B9EE814BF2C7364A8AE6479295C">Memariani, Farshid</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5C4F87CA16484015695FBC27689F02CB" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5478-1859</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="5183693E18845C8DB4071E26A45CF740">Herbarium FUMH, Department of Botany, Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. & memariani @ um. ac. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5478 - 1859</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C47240CD2A46EADC9868DF61E0774BF4" type="email">memariani@um.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6985FD4466DAF742CD2A080B9BAF2521" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E3EB5014B0690443FB00FD1B1D406AFB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="48C81BF8A4037CD5739545BCCA4A7ED8">Behroozian, Maryam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FF5ED97095B9C6140F2BCA5708D5A87E" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9308-0630</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="91EBDF00D5A3914517B5B8C7045501E4">Herbarium FUMH, Department of Botany, Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. & maryam. behroozian 94 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9308 - 0630</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="520212CF141F825EAA89630C8E19E737" type="email">maryam.behroozian94@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="85081C506D282E5D4455642C37F7B779" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="59932D1149F5122DBB914A2424D3FE2C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="315C44EE48F0901F185B9275AD37B60C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AC18EB93E025F7245871DAB9DB909801">Joharchi, Mohammad Reza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D6B08A2286B92189D7A3A29474E2428D" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3714-2523</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="AF38600D54127B1E666DC33922282C24">Herbarium FUMH, Department of Botany, Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. & joharchi @ um. ac. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3714 - 2523</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2B56D7DDA45F5A1DEC0D7DF0FAD94AD7" type="email">joharchi@um.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8A9A93DE7533332EF22A2B8191C342A9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="934A8F6036192A2C06E262DB5D59173A">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="50BA1AD6D6B1B85F74B24F3879347B16">
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<mods:date id="7E681C0D169F16AE4FD51584F8BDCD61">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F4B34E7BCAB821243AD13311001F69F2">2022-03-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0B2A154DE32462971B2265DCAC96954E">538</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="99E0853EE10BB12BC6B4414656FA1B35">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4C4EC2690F3F01FF0C0922915C4694B1" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.538.1.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="35A535A9170907449AEBDD4DBB44380D" type="GBIF-Dataset">02079718-39e5-4bc6-8518-0dea7c2c574b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9D999BAEA7A34B0815340AD8672AE8C1" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6BB76F9E95BC4F627D63E2D7B8986D91" type="Zenodo-Dep">6331984</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C91087A3FFE0FFF0B8AEFB0406D5F84B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6344655" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193896569" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6344655" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C91087A3FFE0FFF0B8AEFB0406D5F84B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C91087A3FFE0FFF0B8AEFB0406D5F84B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="09A3653EFFE0FFF2B8AEFB0404C0FB5A" box="[136,737,1172,1199]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="410636B5FFE0FFF2B8AEFB0404C0FB5A" blockId="1.[136,737,1172,1199]" box="[136,737,1172,1199]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="1A4E81D9FFE0FFF2B8AEFB0404C0FB5A" box="[136,737,1172,1199]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE0FFF2B8AEFB0407ECFB5A" authority="Memariani" authorityName="Memariani" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,461,1172,1199]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parhamii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE0FFF2B8AEFB040769FB5B" bold="true" box="[136,328,1172,1199]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Allium parhamii</emphasis>
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Memariani
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE0FFF2B9FEFB04040FFB5A" bold="true" box="[472,558,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="68FE57DCFFE0FFF2B9FEFB04040FFB5A" box="[472,558,1172,1198]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="D9822A30FFE0FFF2BA18FB04048BFB5A" box="[574,682,1172,1198]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[136,229,1577,1599]" captionStartId-1="3.[136,229,809,831]" captionTargetBox-0="[340,1247,278,1549]" captionTargetBox-1="[168,1420,190,784]" captionTargetId-0="figure-65@2.[340,1247,278,1549]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@3.[168,1420,190,784]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Allium parhamii in its natural habitat on exposed stony slopes. A–B. habit in early flowering stage with compact stature showing semi-globose inflorescence and two leaves, C. sub-globose bulbs and the grazed leaves by the livestock." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Flower details in Allium parhamii. A. close-up view of a flower; B. coarsely tuberculate ovary, conical style, and undivided stigma." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331986" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331988" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6331986/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6331988/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D9822A30FFE0FFF2BA90FB0404F8FB5A" box="[694,729,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,209,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[227,1361,209,1925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. Allium parhamii with dense many-flowered inflorescence and two wider leaves. B. the closely related species, A. monophyllum, with lower number of flowers in inflorescence and a single narrow leaf.Both species are endemic to Kopet Dagh Mountains, NE Iran." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331990" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331990/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">3A</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="09A3653EFFE0FFF2B8AEFB700593FAEE" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="410636B5FFE0FFF2B8AEFB700593FAEE" blockId="1.[136,1452,1248,1378]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
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Similar to
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<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE0FFF2B8D6FB70079AFB01" box="[240,443,1248,1269]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monophyllum">
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<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE0FFF2B8D6FB70079AFB01" box="[240,443,1248,1269]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Allium monophyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in shape and color of flowers, but distinguished from it by its dense and many-flowered inflorescence, usually 2 leaves with much wider blades, and larger habit, capsules, and seeds.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="09A3653EFFE0FFF2B8AEFAB805E2FA96" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="410636B5FFE0FFF2B8AEFAB805E2FA96" blockId="1.[136,1452,1248,1378]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE0FFF2B8AEFAB8069BFAC9" bold="true" box="[136,186,1320,1341]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Type</emphasis>
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:—
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<materialsCitation id="F1D13CE8FFE0FFF2B8FBFAB807D5FAC9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3699129301" box="[221,500,1320,1342]" collectionCode="NE" country="Iran" location="Khorassan" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Khorasan-e Shomali">
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<collectingCountry id="39AE7625FFE0FFF2B8FBFAB8073AFAC9" box="[221,283,1320,1341]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">IRAN</collectingCountry>
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. North
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<collectingRegion id="837DF857FFE0FFF2B944FAB807EAFACA" box="[354,459,1320,1342]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Khorassan</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectionCode id="27A8AE70FFE0FFF2B9F2FAB807D5FAC9" box="[468,500,1320,1341]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14575" name="University of New England" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">NE</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="F1D13CE8FFE0FFF2B9DCFAB8059EFA96" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3699129305" collectingDate="2013-06-08" collectionCode="FUMH, W" collectorName="Joharchi & Memariani" country="Iran" county="Shirvan" elevation="2135" location="Bajgiran" municipality="Namanlu" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCounty id="A8674E39FFE0FFF2B9DCFAB80466FACA" box="[506,583,1320,1342]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Shirvan</collectingCounty>
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,
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east of
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<collectingMunicipality id="A162ACCFFFE0FFF2BAEAFAB80505FACA" box="[716,804,1320,1342]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Namanlu</collectingMunicipality>
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towards
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<location id="4466606EFFE0FFF2BB5AFAB805F0FACA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C91087A3FFE0FFF0B8AEFB0406D5F84B:4466606EFFE0FFF2BB5AFAB805F0FACA" box="[892,977,1320,1342]" country="Iran" county="Shirvan" municipality="Namanlu" name="Bajgiran" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Bajgiran</location>
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, southern slopes of
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<location id="4466606EFFE0FFF2BCB6FAB8032EFAC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C91087A3FFE0FFF0B8AEFB0406D5F84B:4466606EFFE0FFF2BCB6FAB8032EFAC9" box="[1168,1295,1320,1342]" country="Iran" county="Shirvan" municipality="Namanlu" name="Sivak Mount" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Sivak Mount</location>
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,
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<quantity id="86419B50FFE0FFF2BD3FFAB80345FAC9" box="[1305,1380,1320,1342]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.135" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="2135.0">
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<elevation id="CA94D186FFE0FFF2BD3FFAB80345FAC9" box="[1305,1380,1320,1342]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.135" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="2135.0">2135 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="35071075FFE0FFF2BD4BFAB806CEFA95" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" value="2013-06-08">
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<collectingDate id="2543E99DFFE0FFF2BD4BFAB806CEFA95" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" value="2013-06-08">8 June 2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE0FFF2B8DFFADC076CFA95" box="[249,333,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
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<collectorName id="EC4C5363FFE0FFF2B8DFFADC076CFA95" box="[249,333,1356,1377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Joharchi</collectorName>
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</emphasis>
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&
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<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE0FFF2B94AFADC0438FA95" box="[364,537,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
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<collectorName id="EC4C5363FFE0FFF2B94AFADC07F6FA95" box="[364,471,1356,1377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Memariani</collectorName>
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45135
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="9E028817FFE0FFF2BA00FADC045EFA96" box="[550,639,1356,1378]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="27A8AE70FFE0FFF2BAAEFADC04F4FA95" box="[648,725,1356,1377]" country="Iran" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15384" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15384" name="Ferdowsi University" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">FUMH</collectionCode>
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!; isotypes:
|
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<collectionCode id="27A8AE70FFE0FFF2BB1BFADC05ABFA95" box="[829,906,1356,1377]" country="Iran" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15384" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15384" name="Ferdowsi University" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">FUMH</collectionCode>
|
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!,
|
||
<collectionCode id="27A8AE70FFE0FFF2BBB0FADC0595FA96" box="[918,948,1356,1378]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="09A3653EFFE0FFF2B8AEFA0006D2F856" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<paragraph id="410636B5FFE0FFF2B8AEFA000340F8C2" blockId="1.[136,1452,1424,2063]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Bulbs subovoid to subglobose,
|
||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE0FFF2B9CBFA000476FA5F" box="[493,599,1424,1451]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 cm</quantity>
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||
in diameter, tunics greyish. Leaves (1–)2, oblong, almost thick and fleshy, basally enclosing the scape, the upper side sulcate, green and basally purplish, after flowering usually with wide reddish stripes in margin and surface, margin and sometimes in lower side scabrous,
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||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE0FFF2BC4FFA4802FAFA07" box="[1129,1243,1496,1523]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 cm</quantity>
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||
long, 1.5–2.5(–3) cm wide. Scape cylindrical, erect, shorter than leaves, app.
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<quantity id="86419B50FFE0FFF2BB01FA6C057EF9E3" box="[807,863,1532,1559]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
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||
above soil,
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||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE0FFF2BBCFFA6C0266F9E3" box="[1001,1095,1532,1559]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
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||
in diameter, pale green. Spathe membranous, splitting into 2–3 acuminate parts with brownish nerves. Umbel semi-globose, contracted, manyflowered, 3.5–4(–5) cm in diameter. Pedicels straight, up to
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<quantity id="86419B50FFE0FFF2BB0DF9D4055BF9AB" box="[811,890,1604,1631]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, pale purple. Flowers flat funnel-like. Tepals long-triangular, longitudinally folded, acute, 6–7(–8) mm long, basally
|
||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE0FFF2BB9EF9F8020DF977" box="[952,1068,1640,1667]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, violet, pink to pale purple, with darker purple mid-vein, after anthesis convolute but not prickly stiff. Filaments 2/3 to 3/4 as long as tepals, whitish purple, subulate, basally connate. Anthers
|
||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE0FFF2BAEBF9200563F93F" box="[717,834,1712,1739]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, yellow. Ovary subglobose- pyriform with three furrows,
|
||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE0FFF2B8C8F9440740F91B" box="[238,353,1748,1775]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, whitish green, coarsely tuberculate on surface. Style conical,
|
||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE0FFF2BC8CF9440329F91B" box="[1194,1288,1748,1775]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, green to purplish, stigma undivided. Capsule depressed tripartite with furrows,
|
||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE0FFF2BBB4F96805CFF8E7" box="[914,1006,1784,1811]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, in fresh state whitish green, in dry state brownish. Seeds one per locule, ovate,
|
||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE0FFF2BAE7F88C0512F8C3" box="[705,819,1820,1847]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="2.0">2–2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE0FFF2BB5CF88C0220F8C3" box="[890,1025,1820,1847]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE0FFF2BC6AF88C02ACF8C3" box="[1100,1165,1820,1847]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick, shiny black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="410636B5FFE0FFF2B89BF8D006D2F856" blockId="1.[136,1452,1424,2063]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE0FFF2B89BF8D00490F8AE" bold="true" box="[189,689,1856,1882]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Additional specimen examined (
|
||
<typeStatus id="9E028817FFE0FFF2BA1DF8D0048BF8AE" box="[571,682,1856,1882]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F1D13CE8FFE0FFF2BAF5F8D00238F8AF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3699129303" box="[723,1049,1856,1883]" collectionCode="NE" country="Iran" location="Khorassan" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Khorasan-e Shomali">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="39AE7625FFE0FFF2BAF5F8D0053CF8AE" box="[723,797,1856,1882]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">IRAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
. North
|
||
<collectingRegion id="837DF857FFE0FFF2BB49F8D005CBF8AE" box="[879,1002,1856,1882]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Khorassan</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="27A8AE70FFE0FFF2BBD2F8D10238F8AF" box="[1012,1049,1857,1883]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14575" name="University of New England" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">NE</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F1D13CE8FFE0FFF2BC06F8D0038AF88A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3699129304" collectingDate="2008-06-09" collectionCode="A" collectorName="Memariani & Zangooei" country="Iran" county="Shirvan" elevation="2040" location="Bajgiran" municipality="Namanlu" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="A8674E39FFE0FFF2BC06F8D0025BF8AE" box="[1056,1146,1856,1882]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Shirvan</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE0FFF2BCA3F8D10286F8AE" box="[1157,1191,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE0FFF2BC88F8D002C6F8AE" box="[1198,1255,1856,1883]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
east of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="A162ACCFFFE0FFF2BD63F8D0038DF8AE" box="[1349,1452,1856,1882]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Namanlu</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
towards
|
||
<location id="4466606EFFE0FFF2B8C8F8F40770F88A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C91087A3FFE0FFF0B8AEFB0406D5F84B:4466606EFFE0FFF2B8C8F8F40770F88A" box="[238,337,1892,1918]" country="Iran" county="Shirvan" municipality="Namanlu" name="Bajgiran" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Bajgiran</location>
|
||
, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE0FFF2B9A0F8F5045FF88A" box="[390,638,1892,1918]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpos">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE0FFF2B9A0F8F5045FF88A" box="[390,638,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Juniperus polycarpos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
woodland,
|
||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE0FFF2BB29F8F4054DF88B" box="[783,876,1892,1919]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="2040.0">
|
||
<elevation id="CA94D186FFE0FFF2BB29F8F4054DF88B" box="[783,876,1892,1919]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="2040.0">2040 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="35071075FFE0FFF2BB58F8F40234F88A" box="[894,1045,1892,1919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" value="2008-06-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="2543E99DFFE0FFF2BB58F8F40234F88A" box="[894,1045,1892,1919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" value="2008-06-09">9 June 2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE0FFF2BC01F8F5038AF88A" box="[1063,1451,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<collectorName id="EC4C5363FFE0FFF2BC01F8F50282F88A" box="[1063,1187,1893,1918]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Memariani</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="EC4C5363FFE0FFF2BCF2F8F5031FF88A" box="[1236,1342,1893,1918]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Zangooei</collectorName>
|
||
40733-
|
||
<collectionCode id="27A8AE70FFE0FFF2BDBFF8F4038AF88A" box="[1433,1451,1892,1918]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F1D13CE8FFE0FFF2B8AEF81806CEF856" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3699129302" box="[136,239,1928,1954]" collectingDate="2008-06-09" collectionCode="FUMH" collectorName="Memariani & Zangooei" country="Iran" county="Shirvan" elevation="2040" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Bajgiran" municipality="Namanlu" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1">
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="27A8AE70FFE0FFF2B8B6F81806C6F856" box="[144,231,1928,1954]" country="Iran" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15384" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15384" name="Ferdowsi University" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">FUMH</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="09A3653EFFE0FFF1B89BF83C0461FEF4" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="410636B5FFE0FFF1B89BF83C0461FEF4" blockId="1.[136,1452,1424,2063]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1451,158,257]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE0FFF2B89BF83C0711F832" bold="true" box="[189,304,1964,1990]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Eponymy</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<collectingCounty id="A8674E39FFE0FFF2B974F83C07A1F832" box="[338,384,1964,1990]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">The</collectingCounty>
|
||
specific epithet of the new species is commemorated to the late
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="A162ACCFFFE0FFF2BC6EF83C02C5F832" box="[1096,1252,1964,1990]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Saied Parham</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, an
|
||
<location id="4466606EFFE0FFF2BD36F83C037EF832" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C91087A3FFE0FFF0B8AEFB0406D5F84B:4466606EFFE0FFF2BD36F83C037EF832" box="[1296,1375,1964,1990]" county="The" municipality="Saied Parham" name="Iranian" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Khorasan-e Shomali">Iranian</location>
|
||
nature conservationist in
|
||
<location id="4466606EFFE0FFF2B97DF84007BDF81E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C91087A3FFE0FFF0B8AEFB0406D5F84B:4466606EFFE0FFF2B97DF84007BDF81E" box="[347,412,2000,2026]" county="The" municipality="Saied Parham" name="North" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Khorasan-e Shomali">North</location>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="837DF857FFE0FFF2B980F84004A9F81E" box="[422,648,2000,2026]" country="Iran" name="Khorasan-e Shomali" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Khorassan province</collectingRegion>
|
||
who was killed by the poachers on
|
||
<location id="4466606EFFE0FFF2BC08F8400282F81E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C91087A3FFE0FFF0B8AEFB0406D5F84B:4466606EFFE0FFF2BC08F8400282F81E" box="[1070,1187,2000,2026]" county="The" municipality="Saied Parham" name="December" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Khorasan-e Shomali">December</location>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<superScript id="B6CC9BFDFFE0FFF2BC99F84002EBF82A" attach="left" box="[1215,1226,2000,2014]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">st</superScript>
|
||
2010 when he was on his official duties in
|
||
<location id="4466606EFFE0FFF2B9BEF86404B2F7FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C91087A3FFE0FFF0B8AEFB0406D5F84B:4466606EFFE0FFF2B9BEF86404B2F7FA" box="[408,659,2036,2062]" county="The" municipality="Saied Parham" name="Sarani Protected Area" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" stateProvince="Khorasan-e Shomali">Sarani Protected Area</location>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="9E028817FFE0FFF2BAF5F8650522F7FB" box="[723,771,2037,2063]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE0FFF2BBAEF86402CEF7FB" authority="(Sivak Mount)" baseAuthorityName="Sivak Mount" box="[904,1263,2036,2063]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parhamii">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE0FFF2BBAEF8640260F7FA" box="[904,1089,2036,2062]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Allium parhamii</emphasis>
|
||
(Sivak Mount)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is located at the southeastern borders of
|
||
<location id="4466606EFFE3FFF1B9BFFF0E04B1FF4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C91087A3FFE0FFF0B8AEFB0406D5F84B:4466606EFFE3FFF1B9BFFF0E04B1FF4C" box="[409,656,158,184]" county="The" municipality="Saied Parham" name="Sarani Protected Area" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="Khorasan-e Shomali">Sarani Protected Area</location>
|
||
which has been protected since 1973.
|
||
<location id="4466606EFFE3FFF1BC6AFF0E028EFF4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C91087A3FFE0FFF0B8AEFB0406D5F84B:4466606EFFE3FFF1BC6AFF0E028EFF4D" box="[1100,1199,158,185]" county="The" municipality="Saied Parham" name="The area" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="Khorasan-e Shomali">The area</location>
|
||
is a part of the
|
||
<location id="4466606EFFE3FFF1BD41FF0F07BFFF29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C91087A3FFE0FFF0B8AEFB0406D5F84B:4466606EFFE3FFF1BD41FF0F07BFFF29" county="The" municipality="Saied Parham" name="Kopet Dagh Biosphere Reserve" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="Khorasan-e Shomali">Kopet Dagh Biosphere Reserve</location>
|
||
which was designated as one of the UNESCO worldwide inscribed areas in the
|
||
<location id="4466606EFFE3FFF1BD06FF530372FF29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C91087A3FFE0FFF0B8AEFB0406D5F84B:4466606EFFE3FFF1BD06FF530372FF29" box="[1312,1363,195,221]" county="The" municipality="Saied Parham" name="Man" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="Khorasan-e Shomali">Man</location>
|
||
and the
|
||
<location id="4466606EFFE3FFF1B8AEFF7607A5FEF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C91087A3FFE0FFF0B8AEFB0406D5F84B:4466606EFFE3FFF1B8AEFF7607A5FEF5" box="[136,388,230,257]" county="The" municipality="Saied Parham" name="Biosphere Programme" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="Khorasan-e Shomali">Biosphere Programme</location>
|
||
(MAB) in 2018.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="15C6663DFFE3FFF1B8AEF9B902EBF997" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331986" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6331986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331986/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" startId="2.[136,229,1577,1599]" targetBox="[340,1247,278,1549]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="410636B5FFE3FFF1B8AEF9B902EBF997" blockId="2.[136,1451,1577,1635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE3FFF1B8AEF9B90721F9CA" bold="true" box="[136,256,1577,1599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE3FFF1B92EF9B90789F9CA" box="[264,424,1577,1598]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parhamii">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE3FFF1B92EF9B90789F9CA" box="[264,424,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Allium parhamii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its natural habitat on exposed stony slopes.
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE3FFF1BB5CF9B9058CF9CA" bold="true" box="[890,941,1577,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">A–B.</emphasis>
|
||
habit in early flowering stage with compact stature showing semi-globose inflorescence and two leaves,
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE3FFF1BAA0F9DD04BCF997" bold="true" box="[646,669,1613,1635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">C.</emphasis>
|
||
sub-globose bulbs and the grazed leaves by the livestock.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="09A3653EFFE3FFF1B89BF91A0734F933" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="410636B5FFE3FFF1B89BF91A0734F933" blockId="2.[136,1452,1674,2088]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE3FFF1B89BF91A0718F950" bold="true" box="[189,313,1674,1700]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Phenology</emphasis>
|
||
:—An ephemeroid species, leaf sprouting is initiated in mid-May, flowering and fruiting is completed in mid-June.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="09A3653EFFE3FFF1B89BF9400270F8C5" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="410636B5FFE3FFF1B89BF9400270F8C5" blockId="2.[136,1452,1674,2088]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE3FFF1B89BF94007C5F91E" bold="true" box="[189,484,1744,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
|
||
:—So far,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE3FFF1BA7AF94104C2F91E" box="[604,739,1744,1771]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parhamii">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE3FFF1BA7AF94104C2F91E" box="[604,739,1744,1771]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">A. parhamii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in higher elevations of Sivak Mt. in Central Kopet Dagh Mountains, NE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="39AE7625FFE3FFF1B95CF964078AF8FA" box="[378,427,1780,1806]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It grows on south facing stony slopes, between
|
||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE3FFF1BB99F9640278F8FA" box="[959,1113,1780,1806]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="2100.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2000.0">2000–2200 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l., in mountain steppes and very open
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE3FFF1B8D8F88705E8F8C5" authority="(B. Fedtsch.) R. P. Adams" authorityName="R. P. Adams" baseAuthorityName="B. Fedtsch." box="[254,969,1815,1842]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="polycarpos" variety="turcomanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE3FFF1B8D8F88707D1F8C5" box="[254,496,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Juniperus polycarpos</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE3FFF1BA01F8870495F8C4" box="[551,692,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">turcomanica</emphasis>
|
||
(B.Fedtsch.) R.P.Adams
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
woodlands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="09A3653EFFE3FFF1B89BF8AA0309F7DC" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="410636B5FFE3FFF1B89BF8AA0309F7DC" blockId="2.[136,1452,1674,2088]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE3FFF1B89BF8AA0791F8A0" bold="true" box="[189,432,1850,1876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Conservation status</emphasis>
|
||
:—According to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25284B44FFE3FFF1BC7DF8AA02CBF8A0" author="IUCN" box="[1115,1258,1850,1876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refId="ref4559" refString="IUCN (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available at: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 25 July 2021)." type="book" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE3FFF1BD24F8AA03ADF8A0" box="[1282,1420,1850,1876]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parhamii">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE3FFF1BD24F8AA03ADF8A0" box="[1282,1420,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">A. parhamii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is Critically Endangered (CR, B1+2ab(iii)). Its extent of occurrence is not more than
|
||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE3FFF1BC08F8CD0254F883" box="[1070,1141,1885,1911]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="B6CC9BFDFFE3FFF1BC53F8CD025CF89F" attach="left" box="[1141,1149,1885,1899]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">2</superScript>
|
||
and the area of occupancy is less than
|
||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE3FFF1B92FF8100763F86E" box="[265,322,1920,1947]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="B6CC9BFDFFE3FFF1B964F810076BF87A" attach="left" box="[322,330,1920,1934]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">2</superScript>
|
||
. The small populations are located at the borders between Sarani Protected Area and Gharajagheh P. A. It is highly recommended to extend the borders of these protected areas more southwards to the Aq-Kamar Mount which inhabits several narrow and regional endemic plants; however, the area is under high grazing by the livestock of local nomads which may enter illegally to the adjacent protected areas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9822A30FFE3FFF1BB8EF87A05DEF7F0" box="[936,1023,2026,2052]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1577,1599]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,278,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-65@2.[340,1247,278,1549]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Allium parhamii in its natural habitat on exposed stony slopes. A–B. habit in early flowering stage with compact stature showing semi-globose inflorescence and two leaves, C. sub-globose bulbs and the grazed leaves by the livestock." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331986/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Very peculiar habitats of fragmented populations of the new species in subalpine zone may be sensitive to climate change and global warming.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="15C6663DFFE2FFF0B8AEFCB906EEFC97" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331988" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6331988" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331988/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" startId="3.[136,229,809,831]" targetBox="[168,1420,190,784]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="410636B5FFE2FFF0B8AEFCB906EEFC97" blockId="3.[136,1451,809,867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0B8AEFCB906DFFCCA" bold="true" box="[136,254,809,831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Flower details in
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0B98AFCB90473FCCA" box="[428,594,809,830]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0B98AFCB9046FFCCA" box="[428,590,809,830]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parhamii">Allium parhamii</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BA71FCB9044FFCCA" bold="true" box="[599,622,809,830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A.</emphasis>
|
||
close-up view of a flower;
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BB5EFCB905AFFCCA" bold="true" box="[888,910,809,830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">B.</emphasis>
|
||
coarsely tuberculate ovary, conical style, and undivided stigma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="09A3653EFFE2FFF0B89BFC010291FB1B" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="410636B5FFE2FFF0B89BFC010291FB1B" blockId="3.[136,1452,913,1983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0B89BFC0107CAFC5F" bold="true" box="[189,491,913,939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Taxonomic relationships</emphasis>
|
||
:—Based on nuclear and plastid molecular markers,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BC5EFC01038AFC58" box="[1144,1451,913,940]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Asteroprason">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BC5EFC0102E2FC5F" box="[1144,1219,913,939]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Allium</emphasis>
|
||
sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BD33FC02038AFC58" box="[1301,1451,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Asteroprason</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
constitute a distinctive subgroup within
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BA7DFC260452FC24" box="[603,627,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A.</emphasis>
|
||
subg.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BAE2FC2505B4FC3B" authorityName="Rouy" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Webb & Berthelot" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[708,917,949,975]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Melanocrommyum">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BAE2FC2505B4FC3B" box="[708,917,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Melanocrommyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25284B44FFE2FFF0BB81FC2502A2FC3B" author="Fritsch, R. M. & Blattner, F. R. & Gurushidze, M." box="[935,1155,949,975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" pagination="145 - 220" refId="ref4248" refString="Fritsch, R. M., Blattner, F. R. & Gurushidze, M. (2010) New classification of Allium L. subg. Melanocrommyum (Webb. & Berthel.) Rouy (Alliaceae) based on molecular and morphological characters. Phyton (Horn, Austria) 49: 145 - 220." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Fritsch
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BC27FC26021CFC3B" box="[1025,1085,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25284B44FFE2FFF0BCB7FC250381FC3B" author="Gurushidze, M. & Fritsch, R. M. & Blattner, F. R." box="[1169,1440,949,975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" pagination="829 - 840" refId="ref4477" refString="Gurushidze, M., Fritsch, R. M. & Blattner, F. R. (2010) Species-level phylogeny of Allium subgenus Melanocrommyum: Incomplete lineage sorting, hybridization and trn F gene duplication. Taxon 59: 829 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / tax. 593012" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Gurushidze
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BD3BFC260378FC3B" box="[1309,1369,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Morphologically, the new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0B995FC490479FC07" box="[435,600,985,1011]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0B995FC4907DFFC07" box="[435,510,985,1011]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Allium</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BAFBFC4A04D7FC00" box="[733,758,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A.</emphasis>
|
||
sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BB1FFC4A02EEFC00" authority="subsect. Asteroprason" box="[825,1231,985,1012]" genus="Asteroprason" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" rank="subSection" subSection="Asteroprason">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BB1FFC4A05EEFC00" box="[825,975,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Asteroprason</emphasis>
|
||
subsect.
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BC1FFC4A02EEFC00" box="[1081,1231,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Asteroprason</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which differs from the species of
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0B90EFC6E0760FBEC" box="[296,321,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A.</emphasis>
|
||
subsect.
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0B98FFC6D046AFBE3" box="[425,587,1021,1047]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Christophiana</emphasis>
|
||
i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BA5DFC6E0235FBEC" authority="Trautvetter (1884: 268)" authorityName="Trautvetter" authorityPageNumber="268" authorityYear="1884" box="[635,1044,1021,1048]" genus="Asteroprason" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="cristophii">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BA5DFC6E0527FBE3" box="[635,774,1021,1048]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A. cristophii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25284B44FFE2FFF0BB2BFC6E0235FBEC" author="Trautvetter, E. R. von" box="[781,1044,1021,1048]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" pagination="221 - 642" refId="ref5465" refString="Trautvetter, E. R. von (1884) Incrementa florae phanerogamae rossicae, fascic. IV. Trudy Imperatorskago S. - Peterburgskago Botanicheskago Sada 9: 221 - 642." type="journal article" year="1884">Trautvetter (1884: 268)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BC6DFC6E0371FBE3" authority="Hooker (1903" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1903" box="[1099,1360,1021,1048]" genus="Asteroprason" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="ellisii">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BC6DFC6E0289FBE3" box="[1099,1192,1021,1048]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A. ellisii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25284B44FFE2FFF0BC89FC6D0371FBE3" author="Hooker, J. D." box="[1199,1360,1021,1047]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" pagination="7875" refId="ref4535" refString="Hooker, J. D. (1903) Allium ellisii, native of Khorassan. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 129: t 7875." type="journal article" year="1903">Hooker (1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: t.7875) by its compact stature and crumpled and not prickly tepals in the fruiting stage.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BC2EFBB102E1FBCF" box="[1032,1216,1057,1083]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parhamii">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BC2EFBB102E1FBCF" box="[1032,1216,1057,1083]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Allium parhamii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BDB5FBB20701FBAB" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BDB5FBB20701FBAB" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A. monophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
especially in the shape and color of the flowers; however, it can be distinguished from the latter by its dense and many-flowered inflorescence, usually 2 leaves with considerably wider blades, and larger habit, capsules, and seeds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9822A30FFE2FFF0B925FB1D0764FB53" box="[259,325,1165,1191]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,209,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[227,1361,209,1925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. Allium parhamii with dense many-flowered inflorescence and two wider leaves. B. the closely related species, A. monophyllum, with lower number of flowers in inflorescence and a single narrow leaf.Both species are endemic to Kopet Dagh Mountains, NE Iran." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331990" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="0C3B030EFFE2FFF0B974FB1D0782FB53" box="[338,419,1165,1191]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,224,159,183]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological comparison of Allium parhamii with two closely related or similar species of A. sect. Asteroprason." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/15C6663DFFE5FFF7B8AEFF0F073FFF2E" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="15C6663DFFE5FFF7B8AEFF0F073FFF2E">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). In dried herbarium specimens, several diagnostic characters of living material may be lost. So,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0B892FB220718FB3F" box="[180,313,1201,1228]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parhamii">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0B892FB220718FB3F" box="[180,313,1201,1228]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A. parhamii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BA19FB2205D3FB3F" authority="Memariani & Joharchi" authorityName="Memariani & Joharchi" box="[575,1010,1201,1228]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aladaghense">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BA19FB2204CCFB3F" box="[575,749,1201,1228]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A. aladaghense</emphasis>
|
||
Memariani & Joharchi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25284B44FFE2FFF0BC30FB21036CFB3F" author="Memariani, F. & Joharchi, M. R. & Arjmandi, A. A." box="[1046,1357,1201,1227]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" pagination="28 - 34" refId="ref4929" refString="Memariani, F., Joharchi, M. R. & Arjmandi, A. A. (2012) Allium aladaghense (Amaryllidaceae, Allieae), a new species of section Asteroprason from northeast of Iran. Phytotaxa 56: 28 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 56.1.7" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Memariani
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BCBEFB2202F0FB3F" box="[1176,1233,1201,1227]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012: 29)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in dried material; however, it differs from the latter by its yellow (not violet) anthers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9822A30FFE2FFF0BBCFFB450263FB1B" box="[1001,1090,1237,1263]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,809,831]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,190,784]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[168,1420,190,784]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Flower details in Allium parhamii. A. close-up view of a flower; B. coarsely tuberculate ovary, conical style, and undivided stigma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331988" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331988/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="0C3B030EFFE2FFF0BC6BFB4502BEFB1B" box="[1101,1183,1237,1263]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,224,159,183]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological comparison of Allium parhamii with two closely related or similar species of A. sect. Asteroprason." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/15C6663DFFE5FFF7B8AEFF0F073FFF2E" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="15C6663DFFE5FFF7B8AEFF0F073FFF2E">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="09A3653EFFE2FFF0B89BFB6907F4FA57" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="410636B5FFE2FFF0B89BFB6907F4FA57" blockId="3.[136,1452,913,1983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0B89BFB69042CFAE7" bold="true" box="[189,525,1273,1299]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Seed coat micromorphology</emphasis>
|
||
:—The seeds of the new species are oval-spherical,
|
||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE2FFF0BC7FFB6902C0FAE0" box="[1113,1249,1273,1300]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="86419B50FFE2FFF0BDAFFB690695FACC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. The most frequent shape of testa cells is elliptic. The periclinal walls are convex with verrucate and granulate sculpture and the anticlinal walls are loosely undulated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9822A30FFE2FFF0BADEFAD1051CFAAF" box="[760,829,1345,1371]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,191,1158]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[151,1436,190,1158]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. A–D. Scanning electron micrographs of Allium parhamii seeds and details of testa sculpture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331992/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25284B44FFE2FFF0BB9BFAD102F7FAAF" author="Neshati, F. & Fritsch, R. M." box="[957,1238,1345,1371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" pagination="322 - 332" refId="ref5112" refString="Neshati, F. & Fritsch, R. M. (2009) Seed characters and testa sculpture of some Iranian Allium L. species (Alliaceae). Feddes Repertorium 120: 322 - 332. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 200911112" type="journal article" year="2009">Neshati & Fritsch (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0B8AEFAF60760FA8B" box="[136,321,1381,1408]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0B8AEFAF60760FA8B" box="[136,321,1381,1408]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A. monophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has different seed coat micromorphology with penta- to hexagonal testa cells, and very shallow Sundulation in anticlinal walls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="09A3653EFFE2FFF0B89BFA3D06D5F84B" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="410636B5FFE2FFF0B89BFA3D06D5F84B" blockId="3.[136,1452,913,1983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0B89BFA3D04A3FA33" bold="true" box="[189,642,1453,1479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Chromosome number and karyotype</emphasis>
|
||
:—The diploid chromosome number of 2n = 16 was found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BD47FA3D06CFFA1F" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parhamii">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BD47FA3D06CFFA1F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Allium parhamii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The karyogram presented six pairs of metacentric chromosomes(m) and two pairs of satellited submetacentric chromosomes (sm) as well as one relatively long B chromosome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9822A30FFE2FFF0BB5FFA65059EF9E4" box="[889,959,1525,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[136,229,985,1007]" captionTargetBox="[184,1391,218,922]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1436,190,961]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Karyotype and idiogram of Allium parhamii. A–B. Metaphasic plate, showing 2n = 16 + 1B with two satellite chromosomes (I & II). C. Haploid idiogram based on the data of Table 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6331994/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="0C3B030EFFE2FFF0BBEAFA650202F9FB" box="[972,1059,1525,1551]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[136,224,1069,1093]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Mean of satellites and arm length (μm) of the chromosomes in Allium parhamii." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/15C6663DFFE5FFF7B8AEFBBD0278FBB1" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="15C6663DFFE5FFF7B8AEFBBD0278FBB1">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25284B44FFE2FFF0BC1EFA6502F8F9FB" author="Fritsch, R. M." box="[1080,1241,1525,1551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" pagination="298 - 300" refId="ref4151" refString="Fritsch, R. M. (2018) Allium monophyllum (Amaryllidaceae) is a diploid species. Phytotaxa 333: 298 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 333.2.16" type="journal article" year="2018">Fritsch (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the same chromosome number and symmetric karyotype for the closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BB89F98A0249F9C7" box="[943,1128,1561,1588]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BB89F98A0249F9C7" box="[943,1128,1561,1588]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A. monophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BDB5F98A06CFF9A3" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parhamii">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BDB5F98A06CFF9A3" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A. parhamii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its longer chromosome length, very short to invisible satellites, and absence of B chromosomes. Different ploidy levels i.e. 2n = 16, 32, 48, and 64 have been reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BB52F9F1023DF98F" box="[884,1052,1633,1659]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BB52F9F1059EF98F" box="[884,959,1633,1659]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Allium</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however, most of taxa are diploid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25284B44FFE2FFF0B8A9F9150745F954" author="Pastor, J. E. & Diuosdado, J. C. & Cabezudo, B." box="[143,356,1669,1696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" pagination="255 - 258" refId="ref5162" refString="Pastor, J. E., Diuosdado, J. C. & Cabezudo, B. (1995) A karyological study of Allium rouyi Gautier (Liliaceae), a recently rediscovered endemic species from the south of Spain. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 117: 255 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1995. tb 00455. x" type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Pastor
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0B8C4F916073EF96B" box="[226,287,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25284B44FFE2FFF0B955F91504BAF96B" author="Fritsch, R. M. & Astanova, S. B." box="[371,667,1669,1695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" pagination="539 - 549" refId="ref4189" refString="Fritsch, R. M. & Astanova, S. B. (1998) Uniform karyotypes in different sections of Allium L. subg. Melanocrommyum (Webb & Berth.) Rouy from Central Asia. Feddes Repertorium 109: 539 - 549. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19981090710" type="journal article" year="1998">Fritsch & Astanova 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25284B44FFE2FFF0BA8CF91505ADF96B" author="Peruzzi, L. & Carta, A. & Altinordu, F." box="[682,908,1669,1695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" pagination="212 - 220" refId="ref5284" refString="Peruzzi, L., Carta, A. & Altinordu, F. (2017) Chromosome diversity and evolution in Allium (Allioideae, Amaryllidaceae). Plant Biosystems 151: 212 - 220. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11263504.2016.1149123" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Peruzzi
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BB2FF9160564F96B" box="[777,837,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Analysis of somatic metaphase spreads in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BDB5F91606CFF937" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parhamii">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BDB5F91606CFF937" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A. parhamii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
confirmed the previous reports on the basic chromosome number of x = 8, a uniform karyotype, and presence of satellites and B chromosomes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BA0FF95D05B5F913" authorityName="Rouy" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Webb & Berthelot" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[553,916,1741,1767]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Melanocrommyum">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BA0FF95D0455F913" box="[553,628,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Allium</emphasis>
|
||
subg.
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BAE5F95D05B5F913" box="[707,916,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Melanocrommyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25284B44FFE2FFF0BB83F95D02EDF913" author="Fritsch, R. M. & Astanova, S. B." box="[933,1228,1741,1767]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" pagination="539 - 549" refId="ref4189" refString="Fritsch, R. M. & Astanova, S. B. (1998) Uniform karyotypes in different sections of Allium L. subg. Melanocrommyum (Webb & Berth.) Rouy from Central Asia. Feddes Repertorium 109: 539 - 549. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19981090710" type="journal article" year="1998">Fritsch & Astanova 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25284B44FFE2FFF0BCFFF95D0381F913" author="Genc, I. & Ozhatay, N. & Cevri, M." box="[1241,1440,1741,1767]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" pagination="31 - 40" refId="ref4342" refString="Genc, I., Ozhatay, N. & Cevri, M. (2013) A karyomorphological study of the genus Allium (sect. Melanocrommyum) from Turkey. Caryologia 66: 31 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00087114.2013.780439" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Genç
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BD38F95E0378F913" box="[1310,1369,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<tableCitation id="0C3B030EFFE2FFF0B8AEF96106FCF8FF" box="[136,221,1777,1803]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,224,1792,1816]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 3. Karyotype symmetric indices calculated for Allium parhamii and A. monophyllum; CVCL: coefficient of variation of chromosome length, and M CA: mean centromeric asymmetry. The karyotype formula and chromosome data for calculating the indices for A. monophyllum are from Fritsch (2018)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/15C6663DFFE5FFF7B8AEF89004FFF894" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="15C6663DFFE5FFF7B8AEF89004FFF894">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
shows the evaluation parameters for karyotype asymmetry in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BB8CF9620213F8FF" box="[938,1074,1777,1804]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parhamii">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BB8CF9620213F8FF" box="[938,1074,1777,1804]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A. parhamii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BC4BF9620307F8FF" box="[1133,1318,1777,1804]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BC4BF9620307F8FF" box="[1133,1318,1777,1804]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A. monophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to Stebbins’ categories (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25284B44FFE2FFF0B9B9F8850467F8DB" author="Stebbins, G. L." box="[415,582,1813,1839]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refId="ref5398" refString="Stebbins, G. L. (1971) Chromosomal Evolution in Higher Plants. Edward Arnold, London." type="book" year="1971">Stebbins 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the new species is placed in the class 2A, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BCBAF8860376F8DB" box="[1180,1367,1813,1840]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BCBAF8860376F8DB" box="[1180,1367,1813,1840]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A. monophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in 1A. Therefore, these results indicate a symmetric karyotype for both species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25284B44FFE2FFF0BB83F8A9024AF8A7" author="Genc, I. & Ozhatay, N. & Cevri, M." box="[933,1131,1849,1875]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" pagination="31 - 40" refId="ref4342" refString="Genc, I., Ozhatay, N. & Cevri, M. (2013) A karyomorphological study of the genus Allium (sect. Melanocrommyum) from Turkey. Caryologia 66: 31 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00087114.2013.780439" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Genç
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BBC3F8AA023AF8A7" box="[997,1051,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported a similar symmetric karyotype in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0B93DF8CD04A0F883" authorityName="Rouy" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Webb & Berthelot" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[283,641,1885,1911]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Melanocrommyum">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0B93DF8CD0747F883" box="[283,358,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Allium</emphasis>
|
||
subg.
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0B996F8CD04A0F883" box="[432,641,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Melanocrommyum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="39AE7625FFE2FFF0BAE2F8CD0537F883" box="[708,790,1885,1911]" name="Turkey" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Based on the results, the karyotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BCEAF8CE0370F883" box="[1228,1361,1885,1912]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parhamii">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BCEAF8CE0370F883" box="[1228,1361,1885,1912]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A. parhamii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more interchromosomally (CV
|
||
<subScript id="DD3D34F0FFE2FFF0B987F8040797F856" attach="left" box="[417,438,1940,1954]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">CL</subScript>
|
||
= 17.70) and intrachromosomally (M
|
||
<subScript id="DD3D34F0FFE2FFF0BB78F8040554F856" attach="left" box="[862,885,1940,1954]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">CA</subScript>
|
||
= 13.41) asymmetric than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86B94D36FFE2FFF0BCD5F812038AF86F" box="[1267,1451,1921,1948]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis id="73CDEAA7FFE2FFF0BCD5F812038AF86F" box="[1267,1451,1921,1948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">A. monophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="0C3B030EFFE2FFF0B8A9F83506C7F84B" box="[143,230,1957,1983]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,224,1792,1816]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 3. Karyotype symmetric indices calculated for Allium parhamii and A. monophyllum; CVCL: coefficient of variation of chromosome length, and M CA: mean centromeric asymmetry. The karyotype formula and chromosome data for calculating the indices for A. monophyllum are from Fritsch (2018)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/15C6663DFFE5FFF7B8AEF89004FFF894" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="15C6663DFFE5FFF7B8AEF89004FFF894">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |