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<document id="CCD36655D895423B9F4B4C3A41ECDC00" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5399.5.5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10517506" ID-ZooBank="AA33FD4C-B1A8-4AA3-9FD9-06081016477D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1705393639266" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gaimari, Stephen D., González, Christian R. &amp; Elgueta, Mario" docDate="2024" docId="7C3EEA4BD43FFFF36EAFFDFCFCD0F957" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5399.5.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5399 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Neoleucopis obscura" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="563" masterDocId="80079233D437FFFB6E38FFBBFFCBFFEA" masterDocTitle="A catalog of the Chamaemyiidae of Chile (Diptera: Lauxanioidea)" masterLastPageNumber="569" masterPageNumber="555" pageNumber="563" updateTime="1705602252307" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A070804B4385B49B68DE3E9084C3C196">A catalog of the Chamaemyiidae of Chile (Diptera: Lauxanioidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8AC21FB0E17DFAB470343E4C28E400A2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9282D5EB90EF381E01D5B8BB2052337C">Gaimari, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="37B44F0EF168424AD626010F2008C1D1">The Dipterists Society, P. O. Box 231113, Sacramento, California, 95823, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="80FBD52F354D36AC2D040775489E0A7E">González, Christian R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2B132F324FDC4787B79F4471354B94C8" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2582-6071</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BDB3458A633AB8CCE654DF7C590B65AD" type="email">christian.gonzalez@umce.cl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9245872D39B274A8685ADAFD05B16D2F">Elgueta, Mario</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="87961062E4DCB3B209FFEA6EDF531E53">Área de Entomología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="06ED255CF27AA3B0E8972D416BD4845D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="31226586B479FA7895C2CEE2D084306C">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DE88F2B8ADF91B19FD32A4DD8AACE86C">2024-01-16</mods:number>
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<treatment id="7C3EEA4BD43FFFF36EAFFDFCFCD0F957" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7C3EEA4BD43FFFF36EAFFDFCFCD0F957" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C3EEA4BD43FFFF36EAFFDFCFCD0F957" lastPageNumber="563" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
<subSubSection id="BC8D08D6D43FFFF36EAFFDFCFEA7FD8B" box="[151,364,583,610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F4285B5DD43FFFF36EAFFDFCFEA7FD8B" blockId="8.[151,1437,583,1725]" box="[151,364,583,610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
<heading id="AF60EC31D43FFFF36EAFFDFCFEA7FD8B" bold="true" box="[151,364,583,610]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36EAFFDFCFEA7FD8B" ID-CoL="8CJR6" authority="(Haliday)" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" box="[151,364,583,610]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Neoleucopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36EAFFDFCFEA7FD8B" bold="true" box="[151,364,583,610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36EAFFDFCFF38FD88" bold="true" box="[151,243,583,610]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">obscura</emphasis>
(Haliday)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BC8D08D6D43FFFF36EFFFDD7FCD0F957" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F4285B5DD43FFFF36EFFFDD7FD5DFC4F" blockId="8.[151,1437,583,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D4877C73D43FFFF36EFFFDD7FD5DFC4F" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43FFFF36EFFFDD7FD5BFD6F" author="Haliday, A. H." box="[199,656,619,645]" page="173" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" year="1833">
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36EFFFDD7FD5BFD6F" ID-CoL="8CJR6" authority="Haliday, 1833: 173" authorityName="Haliday" authorityPageNumber="173" authorityYear="1833" box="[199,656,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Leucopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36EFFFDD7FE5DFD6F" box="[199,406,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Leucopis obscura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36F9EFDD0FD5BFD6F" author="Haliday, A. H." box="[422,656,619,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" pagination="147 - 180" refId="ref10441" refString="Haliday, A. H. (1833) Catalogue of Diptera occurring about Holywood in Downshire. Entomological Magazine, London, 1, 147 - 180." type="journal article" year="1833">Haliday, 1833: 173</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Type locality:
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43FFFF36D6DFDD0FC63FD6F" box="[853,936,619,645]" name="Ireland" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Ireland</collectingCountry>
.
<typeStatus id="2B2CE5FFD43FFFF36D83FDD7FBE0FD6C" box="[955,1067,620,646]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
male, NMID (not examined).
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36F1FFD34FE62FD43" bold="true" box="[295,425,655,681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">References</emphasis>
—
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43FFFF36FFEFD34FCEFFD43" author="Gonzalez, R. H. &amp; Rojas, S." box="[454,804,655,681]" page="139" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36FFEFD34FCEFFD43" author="Gonzalez, R. H. &amp; Rojas, S." box="[454,804,655,681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" pagination="133 - 147" refId="ref10349" refString="Gonzalez, R. H. &amp; Rojas, S. (1966) Estudio analitico control biologico de plagas agricolas en Chile. Agricultura Tecnica, Chile, 26 (4), 133 - 147." type="journal article" year="1966">González &amp; Rojas, 1966: 139</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(biological control, released in
<quantity id="336FF6B8D43FFFF36AA7FD34FB32FD43" box="[1183,1273,655,682]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9403" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" unit="in" value="1945.0">1945 in</quantity>
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43FFFF36B3DFD34FA89FD43" box="[1285,1346,655,681]" name="Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Chile</collectingCountry>
against
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36F1FFD0FFE10FD27" ID-CoL="6VLJV" authorityName="Annand" authorityYear="1928" box="[295,475,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boerneri">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36F1FFD0FFE10FD27" box="[295,475,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Pineus boerneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, establishment unknown);
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43FFFF36D36FD08FC15FD27" author="Zuniga S." box="[782,990,691,718]" page="182" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36D36FD08FC15FD27" author="Zuniga S." box="[782,990,691,718]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" pagination="175 - 183" refId="ref13511" refString="Zuniga S., E. (1985) Eighty years of biological control in Chile. Historical review and evaluation of the projects undertaken (1903 - 1983). Agricultura Tecnica, Chile, 45 (3), 175 - 183." type="journal article" year="1985">Zúñiga, 1985: 182</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(biological control, released in
<quantity id="336FF6B8D43FFFF36B7EFD08FA57FD27" box="[1350,1436,691,718]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9403" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" unit="in" value="1945.0">1945 in</quantity>
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43FFFF36F1FFD6CFEAFFD1B" box="[295,356,727,753]" name="Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Chile</collectingCountry>
against
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36FF9FD63FDBFFD1B" ID-CoL="6VLJV" authorityName="Annand" authorityYear="1928" box="[449,628,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boerneri">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36FF9FD63FDBFFD1B" box="[449,628,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Pineus boerneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, established);
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43FFFF36D2FFD6CFC08FD1B" author="Mills, N. J." box="[791,963,727,753]" page="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36D2FFD6CFC08FD1B" author="Mills, N. J." box="[791,963,727,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" pagination="31 - 36" refId="ref11355" refString="Mills, N. J. (1990) Biological control of forest aphid pests in Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 80, 31 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300045880" type="journal article" year="1990">Mills, 1990: 32</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(biology), 34 (biological control, released in
<quantity id="336FF6B8D43FFFF36F7FFD40FE55FCFF" box="[327,414,763,790]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9403" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" unit="in" value="1945.0">1945 in</quantity>
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43FFFF36F9FFD40FE2FFCFF" box="[423,484,763,789]" name="Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Chile</collectingCountry>
against
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36C7FFD47FD16FCFF" ID-CoL="8PHP3" authorityName="Marsham" authorityYear="1802" box="[583,733,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36C7FFD47FD16FCFF" box="[583,733,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Pineus laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36D38FD47FCB4FCFF" ID-CoL="6VLJV" authorityName="Annand" authorityYear="1928" box="[768,895,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boerneri">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36D38FD47FCB4FCFF" box="[768,895,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">P. boerneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], good control);
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43FFFF36A7BFD40FAD2FCFF" author="Artigas, J. N." box="[1091,1305,763,789]" page="468" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36A7BFD40FAD2FCFF" author="Artigas, J. N." box="[1091,1305,763,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" refId="ref7900" refString="Artigas, J. N. (1994) Entomologia Economica. Insectos de Interes Agricola, Forestal, Medico y Veterinario (Nativos, introducidos y susceptibles de ser introducidos). Vol. 1. Ediciones Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, 1126 pp." type="book" year="1994">Artigas, 1994: 468</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(biological control against
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36FEBFC9BFD4EFCD3" ID-CoL="6VLJV" authorityName="Annand" authorityYear="1928" box="[467,645,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boerneri">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36FEBFC9BFD4EFCD3" box="[467,645,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Pineus boerneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43FFFF36CA5FCA4FC62FCD0" author="Kidd, N. A. C. &amp; Jervis, M. A." box="[669,937,799,826]" page="50" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36CA5FCA4FC62FCD0" author="Kidd, N. A. C. &amp; Jervis, M. A." box="[669,937,799,826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" pagination="49 - 68" refId="ref10695" refString="Kidd, N. A. C. &amp; Jervis, M. A. (1997) 4. The impacts of parasitoids and predators on forest insect populations. In: Watt, A. D., Stork, N. E. &amp; Hunter, M. D. (Eds.), Forests and Insects. Chapman &amp; Hall, London, pp. 49 - 68." type="book chapter" year="1997">Kidd &amp; Jervis, 1997: 50</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(biological control, released in
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43FFFF36B32FCA4FA8CFCD3" box="[1290,1351,799,825]" name="Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Chile</collectingCountry>
against
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36F1FFCFFFE17FCB7" ID-CoL="6VLJV" authorityName="Annand" authorityYear="1928" box="[295,476,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boerneri">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36F1FFCFFFE17FCB7" box="[295,476,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Pineus boerneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, substantial control);
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43FFFF36CEDFCFFFC5FFCB7" author="Vargas, R." box="[725,916,835,862]" page="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36CEDFCFFFC5FFCB7" author="Vargas, R." box="[725,916,835,862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" pagination="13 - 18" refId="ref13334" refString="Vargas, R. (1998) Racionalizacion del uso de pesticidas en Chile. In: Dialogo L - Racionalizacion del Uso de Pesticidas en el Cono Sur. No. 50. Procisur-IICA, Montevideo, pp. 13 - 18." type="book chapter" year="1998">Vargas, 1998: 16</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(biological control, released in
<quantity id="336FF6B8D43FFFF36B38FCF8FA57FCB7" box="[1280,1436,835,861]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.953" metricValueMax="5.07238" metricValueMin="4.83362" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" unit="in" value="1950.0" valueMax="1997.0" valueMin="1903.0">1903–1997 in</quantity>
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43FFFF36F1FFCDCFEAFFC6B" box="[295,356,871,897]" name="Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Chile</collectingCountry>
against
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36FFDFCD3FDB0FC6B" ID-CoL="6VLJV" authorityName="Annand" authorityYear="1928" box="[453,635,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boerneri">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36FFDFCD3FDB0FC6B" box="[453,635,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Pineus boerneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43FFFF36CADFCD3FC41FC68" author="Day, R. K. &amp; Kairo, M. T. K. &amp; Abraham, Y. J. &amp; Kfir, R. &amp; Murphy, S. T. &amp; Mutitu, K. E. &amp; Chilima, C. Z." box="[661,906,871,898]" page="105" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36CADFCD3FC41FC68" author="Day, R. K. &amp; Kairo, M. T. K. &amp; Abraham, Y. J. &amp; Kfir, R. &amp; Murphy, S. T. &amp; Mutitu, K. E. &amp; Chilima, C. Z." box="[661,906,871,898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" pagination="101 - 112" refId="ref8899" refString="Day, R. K., Kairo, M. T. K., Abraham, Y. J., Kfir, R., Murphy, S. T., Mutitu, K. E. &amp; Chilima, C. Z. 2003. Biological control of homopteran pests of conifers in Africa. In: Neuenschwander, P., Borgemeister, C. &amp; Langewald, J. (Eds.), Biological control in IPM systems in Africa. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 101 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851996394.0101" type="book chapter" year="2003">
Day
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36CF5FCD3FCCBFC6B" box="[717,768,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">et al</emphasis>
., 2003: 105
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(biological control);
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43FFFF36A47FCDCFA89FC6B" author="Rojas P." box="[1151,1346,871,898]" page="120" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36A47FCDCFA89FC6B" author="Rojas P." box="[1151,1346,871,898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" refId="ref12580" refString="Rojas P., S. (2005) Control biologico de plagas en Chile historia y avances. Impresora y Editora. Ograma, S. A. Coleccion Libros INIA - Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. No. 12. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Santiago, 123 pp." type="book" year="2005">Rojas, 2005: 120</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in list, with author given as Haldeman).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4285B5DD43FFFF36ECFFC0BFBC6FBDF" blockId="8.[151,1437,583,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36ECFFC0BFDAAFC23" ID-CoL="8CJR6" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[247,609,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Leucopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura" subGenus="Neoleucopis">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36ECFFC0BFE97FC23" box="[247,348,944,969]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Leucopis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36F55FC14FE3CFC23" box="[365,503,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Neoleucopis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36C3FFC14FDAAFC23" box="[519,609,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36C48FC14FD39FC23" bold="true" box="[624,754,943,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">References</emphasis>
—
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36D37FC14FBC7FC20" author="McAlpine, J. F." box="[783,1036,943,970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" pagination="1851 - 1874" refId="ref11144" refString="McAlpine, J. F. (1971) A revision of the subgenus Neoleucopis (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 103 (12), 1851 - 1874. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1031851 - 12" type="journal article" year="1971">McAlpine, 1971: 1852</bibRefCitation>
(in key), 1854 (
<figureCitation id="6CAC47D8D43FFFF36AF8FC14FAECFC23" box="[1216,1319,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,943,967]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,179,918]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[340,1247,179,918]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adult male of a Chilean species of Ortalidina. Photo by Stephen A. Marshall, used with permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517508/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Figures 1</figureCitation>
–2 [head], 7, 10 [abdomen]), 1856 (Figures 13–16 [male genitalia]), 1860 (redescription), 1861 (
<typeStatus id="2B2CE5FFD43FFFF36B0CFC68FA56FC07" box="[1332,1437,979,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation);
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36FF1FC4CFD22FBFB" author="Tanasijtshuk, V. N." box="[457,745,1015,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" refId="ref13144" refString="Tanasijtshuk, V. N. (1986) [Silver-flies (Chamaemyiidae)]. Fauna of the USSR. New Series 134. Dipterans. Vol. 14. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nauka Publishers, St. Petersburg, 335 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1986">Tanasijtshuk, 1986: 167</bibRefCitation>
(redescription), 168 (Figures 261–262 [male genitalia]);
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36F1FFBA0FDC0FBDF" author="Greathead, D. J." box="[295,523,1051,1078]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" pagination="83 - 90" refId="ref10387" refString="Greathead, D. J. (1995) The Leucopis spp. (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) introduced for biological control of Pineus sp. (Homoptera: Adelgidae) in Hawaii: implications for biological control of Pineus? boerneri in Africa. The Entomologist, 114, 83 - 90." type="journal article" year="1995">Greathead, 1995: 86</bibRefCitation>
(biology, biological control), 87 (discussion).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4285B5DD43FFFF36ECFFB84FADBFA0C" blockId="8.[151,1437,583,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36ECFFB84FE15FBB3" ID-CoL="8CJR6" authority="Brown&amp;Clark,1956" box="[247,478,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Neoleucopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36ECFFB84FE15FBB3" box="[247,478,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Neoleucopis obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36FDFFB84FDA2FBB3" bold="true" box="[487,617,1087,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">References</emphasis>
—
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36CBEFBFBFC55FBB3" author="Brown, N. R. &amp; Clark, R. C." box="[646,926,1087,1114]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" pagination="272 - 279" refId="ref8329" refString="Brown, N. R. &amp; Clark, R. C. (1956) Studies of predators of the balsam woolly aphid Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae). I. Field identification of Neoleucopis obscura (Hal.), Leucopina americana (Mall.) and Cremifania nigrocellulata Cz. (Diptera, Chamaemyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 88 (6), 272 - 279. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 88272 - 6" type="journal article" year="1956">Brown&amp;Clark,1956:272</bibRefCitation>
(combination,biological control),273(
<figureCitation id="6CAC47D8D43FFFF36B7EFB84FEFEFB97" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,943,967]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,179,918]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[340,1247,179,918]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adult male of a Chilean species of Ortalidina. Photo by Stephen A. Marshall, used with permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517508/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Figures 1</figureCitation>
[egg], 4 [first, second, third instars], 7 [puparium], 10 [adult]), 274 (Figures 13 [cephalopharyngeal skeleton, first instar], 15 [cephalopharyngeal skeleton, second instar], 17 [cephalopharyngeal skeleton, third instar], 19 [posterior spiracle, third instar], 21 [puparium]), 275 (larval descriptions), 277 (puparial description), 278 (adult redescription), 1957: 533 (biology, biological control);
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36A86FB74FE9AFAE4" author="Tanasijtshuk V. N." pageId="8" pageNumber="563" pagination="66 - 100" refId="ref13198" refString="Tanasijtshuk V. N. (1992) Morphological differences and phyletic relations between the genera of chamaemyiid flies (Diptera, Chamaemyiidae). Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 72, 199 - 230. [in Russian, English translation: (1993) Morphological differences and phylogenetic relationships of genera of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera). Entomological Review, 72, 66 - 100]" type="journal article" year="1992">Tanasijtshuk, 1992: 225</bibRefCitation>
(status);
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36F83FB48FD1EFAE4" author="Gaimari, S. &amp; Havill, N. &amp; Klein, J. &amp; Caccone, A." box="[443,725,1267,1294]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" pagination="155 - 156" refId="ref10261" refString="Gaimari, S., Havill, N., Klein, J. &amp; Caccone, A. (2011) Phylogeny of the adelgid-feeding Leucopini (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae): developing tools to enhance adelgid biological control. Pages 155 - 156, in: Onken, B. &amp; Reardon, R. (Comp.), Fifth Symposium on Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in the Eastern United States. USDA Forest Service, Washington, D. C., 222 pp." type="book chapter" year="2011">
Gaimari
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36C26FB4FFD9BFAE7" box="[542,592,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">et al</emphasis>
., 2011: 155
</bibRefCitation>
(comment);
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36D5FFB4FFB84FAE7" author="Ross, D. W. &amp; Gaimari, S. D. &amp; Kohler, G. R. &amp; Wallin, K. F. &amp; Grubin, S. M." box="[871,1103,1267,1294]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref12632" refString="Ross, D. W., Gaimari, S. D., Kohler, G. R., Wallin, K. F. &amp; Grubin, S. M. (2012) Chamaemyiid predators of the hemlock woolly adelgid from the Pacific Northwest. In: Reardon, R. &amp; Onken, B. (Eds.), Implementation and Status of Biological Control of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid. U. S. Forest Service Publication FHTET- 2011 - 04. U. S. Forest Service, Morgantown, West Virginia, pp. 1 - 230." type="book chapter" year="2012">
Ross
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36D9DFB4FFC1CFAE7" box="[933,983,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">et al</emphasis>
., 2012: 98
</bibRefCitation>
(biology);
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36AF7FB48FEB5FADB" author="Gaimari, S. D. &amp; Havill, N. P." pageId="8" pageNumber="563" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref9837" refString="Gaimari, S. D. &amp; Havill, N. P. (2021) A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predacious on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa, 5067 (1), 1 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5067.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">Gaimari &amp; Havill, 2021: 2</bibRefCitation>
(comment), 26 (in key), 34 (biology, catalog).
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36D99FAACFBF8FADB" bold="true" box="[929,1075,1303,1329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Distribution</emphasis>
—
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43FFFF36A6AFAACFB5BFADB" box="[1106,1168,1303,1329]" name="Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Chile</collectingCountry>
. [also includes Europe; North America (introduced); Hawaii (introduced)].
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36D44FA80FBE9FABF" bold="true" box="[892,1058,1339,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Host Records</emphasis>
—Various species of
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36B25FA80FABDFABF" ID-CoL="8NLJQ" authorityName="Vallot" authorityYear="1836" box="[1309,1398,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Adelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36B25FA80FABDFABF" box="[1309,1398,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Adelges</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36F1FFAE4FEAEFA93" ID-CoL="627WF" box="[295,357,1375,1401]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36F1FFAE4FEAEFA93" box="[295,357,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Abies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36FDBFAE4FDB5FA93" ID-CoL="9XK7" baseAuthorityName="Grosmann" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[483,638,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Adelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prelli">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36FDBFAE4FDB5FA93" box="[483,638,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Adelges prelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infesting
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36CD4FAE4FCA8FA93" ID-CoL="8K9Y" box="[748,867,1375,1401]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36CD4FAE4FCA8FA93" box="[748,867,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Abies alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36D48FAE4FBD3FA93" ID-CoL="9XK5" baseAuthorityName="Ratzeburg" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[880,1048,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Adelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceae">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36D48FAE4FBD3FA93" box="[880,1048,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Adelges piceae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infesting
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36ABEFAE4FAFDFA93" ID-CoL="63Z6Q" box="[1158,1334,1375,1401]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balsamea">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36ABEFAE4FAFDFA93" box="[1158,1334,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Abies balsamea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36B7CFAE4FE8CFA74" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Adelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36B7CFAE4FA56FA93" box="[1348,1437,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Adelges</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
infesting
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36F85FA38FD62FA77" ID-CoL="63Z83" box="[445,681,1411,1437]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nordmanniana">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36F85FA38FD62FA77" box="[445,681,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Abies nordmanniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; various species of
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36DACFA3FFC2BFA77" ID-CoL="8NWY5" authorityName="Shimer" authorityYear="1869" box="[916,992,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36DACFA3FFC2BFA77" box="[916,992,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Pineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infesting
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36A6EFA3FFB5DFA77" ID-CoL="6QPY" box="[1110,1174,1412,1437]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36A6EFA3FFB5DFA77" box="[1110,1174,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36B22FA3FFA56FA77" ID-CoL="4HYBL" baseAuthorityName="Goeze" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[1306,1437,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pini">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36B22FA3FFA56FA77" box="[1306,1437,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Pineus pini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infesting
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36FA8FA13FD14FA2B" box="[400,735,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36FA8FA13FD8AFA2B" ID-CoL="4J2J5" box="[400,577,1447,1473]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">Pinus sylvestris</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36C74FA13FD14FA2B" ID-CoL="4HYBS" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[588,735,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strobi">Pineus strobi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
infesting
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36D77FA13FC22FA2B" ID-CoL="4J24H" box="[847,1001,1447,1473]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cembra">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36D77FA13FC22FA2B" box="[847,1001,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Pinus cembra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36A1EFA13FB12FA2B" ID-CoL="6VLJV" authorityName="Annand" authorityYear="1928" box="[1062,1241,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boerneri">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36A1EFA13FB12FA2B" box="[1062,1241,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Pineus boerneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36ADFFA1CFAD4FA2B" bold="true" box="[1255,1311,1447,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Note</emphasis>
—In
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43FFFF36B61FA1CFA53FA2B" box="[1369,1432,1447,1473]" name="Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Chile</collectingCountry>
, this species was introduced as a biological control agent against
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36DC1FA77FB67FA0F" ID-CoL="6VLJV" authorityName="Annand" authorityYear="1928" box="[1017,1196,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boerneri">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36DC1FA77FB67FA0F" box="[1017,1196,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Pineus boerneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 1945.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4285B5DD43FFFF36EFFFA4BFDA4F9BB" blockId="8.[151,1437,583,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36EFFFA4BFD72F9E0" ID-CoL="897CC" authority="Zetterstedt, 1848: 2715" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityPageNumber="2715" authorityYear="1848" box="[199,697,1519,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Leucopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalipennis">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36EFFFA4BFE79F9E3" box="[199,434,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Leucopis hyalipennis</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="44FF5100D43FFFF36F8EFA54FD72F9E0" box="[438,697,1519,1546]" collectionCode="MZLU" country="Sweden" county="Ulla" location="Gottland" municipality="Faro Island" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="lectotype">Zetterstedt, 1848: 2715</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.Type locality:
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43FFFF36D64FA54FC7CF9E3" box="[860,951,1519,1545]" name="Sweden" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Sweden</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="F1480D86D43FFFF36DF8FA54FBEEF9E3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7C3EEA4BD43FFFF36EAFFDFCFCD0F957:F1480D86D43FFFF36DF8FA54FBEEF9E3" box="[960,1061,1519,1545]" country="Sweden" county="Ulla" municipality="Faro Island" name="Gottland" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Gottland</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="144CC127D43FFFF36A15FA54FB67F9E3" box="[1069,1196,1519,1546]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Fårö Island</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="1D4923D1D43FFFF36A8DFA54FB2EF9E3" box="[1205,1253,1519,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Ulla</collectingCounty>
hau [Gottlandia, Olle Hau].
<typeStatus id="2B2CE5FFD43FFFF36F9CF9AFFDDFF9C4" box="[420,532,1556,1582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
male, MZLU (not examined).
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36D54F9A8FC25F9C7" bold="true" box="[876,1006,1555,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">References</emphasis>
—
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36A33F9A8FACCF9C7" author="McAlpine, J. F." box="[1035,1287,1555,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" pagination="1851 - 1874" refId="ref11144" refString="McAlpine, J. F. (1971) A revision of the subgenus Neoleucopis (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 103 (12), 1851 - 1874. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1031851 - 12" type="journal article" year="1971">McAlpine, 1971: 1860</bibRefCitation>
(synonymy), 1861 (
<typeStatus id="2B2CE5FFD43FFFF36F56F98CFE1CF9BB" box="[366,471,1591,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4285B5DD43FFFF36EFFF9E7FCD0F957" blockId="8.[151,1437,583,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43FFFF36EFFF9E7FD4EF99C" ID-CoL="8CJP8" authority="Meijere, 1928: 75" authorityName="Meijere" authorityPageNumber="75" authorityYear="1928" box="[199,645,1627,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Leucopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivacea">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36EFFF9E7FE50F99F" box="[199,411,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Leucopis olivacea</emphasis>
Meijere, 1928: 75
</taxonomicName>
. Type locality:
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43FFFF36D72F9E0FC1EF99F" box="[842,981,1627,1653]" name="Netherlands" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
.
<typeStatus id="2B2CE5FFD43FFFF36DD0F9E7FB93F99C" box="[1000,1112,1628,1654]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
male, ZMAN (examined).
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43FFFF36F1FF9C4FE62F973" bold="true" box="[295,425,1663,1689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563">References</emphasis>
—Tanasijtshuk, 2004: 228 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36D7CF93BFC3FF970" author="Jong, H. de" box="[836,1012,1663,1690]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" refId="ref10626" refString="Jong, H. de (2000) The Types of Diptera Described by J. C. H. de Meijere. Backhuys, Leiden. viii + 271 pp." type="book" year="2000">Jong, 2000: 155</bibRefCitation>
(type information);
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43FFFF36AEBF9C4FE41F957" author="Gaimari, S. D. &amp; Havill, N. P." pageId="8" pageNumber="563" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref9837" refString="Gaimari, S. D. &amp; Havill, N. P. (2021) A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predacious on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa, 5067 (1), 1 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5067.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">Gaimari &amp; Havill, 2021: 33</bibRefCitation>
(synonymy,
<typeStatus id="2B2CE5FFD43FFFF36C23F918FD49F957" box="[539,642,1699,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="563" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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