treatments-xml/data/7C/3E/EA/7C3EEA4BD43EFFF26EAFFF2CFDAFFABF.xml
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<mods:title id="4F46CE376DB658AF82B6328C4AD9ACC4">A catalog of the Chamaemyiidae of Chile (Diptera: Lauxanioidea)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="7C3EEA4BD43EFFF26EAFFF2CFDAFFABF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7C3EEA4BD43EFFF26EAFFF2CFDAFFABF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C3EEA4BD43EFFF26EAFFF2CFDAFFABF" lastPageNumber="564" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">
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<paragraph id="F4285B5DD43EFFF26EAFFF2CFEBEFF5A" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1365]" box="[151,373,150,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">
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<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26EAFFF2CFEBEFF5A" ID-CoL="8CJRB" authority="(Blanchard)" baseAuthorityName="Blanchard" box="[151,373,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Neoleucopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapiae">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26EAFFF2CFEBEFF5A" bold="true" box="[151,373,150,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26EAFFF2CFF26FF5B" bold="true" box="[151,237,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">tapiae (</emphasis>
Blanchard)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BC8D08D6D43EFFF26EFFFF00FDAFFABF" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F4285B5DD43EFFF26EFFFF00FAB1FEF7" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D4877C73D43EFFF26EFFFF00FAB1FEF7" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26EFFFF00FD4BFF3F" author="Blanchard, E. E." box="[199,640,187,213]" page="137" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1964">
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26EFFFF00FD4BFF3F" ID-CoL="8CJRB" authority="Blanchard, 1964: 137" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="1964" box="[199,640,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Leucopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapiae">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26EFFFF00FEB7FF3E" box="[199,380,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Leucopis tapiae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26FBDFF00FD4BFF3F" author="Blanchard, E. E." box="[389,640,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="133 - 150" refId="ref8223" refString="Blanchard, E. E. (1964) Nuevos predatores de la familia Chamaemyiidae con informacion sobre otras especies argentinas (Dipt.). Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Buenos Aires, Serie 5, l (9), 133 - 150." type="journal article" year="1964">Blanchard, 1964: 137</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Type locality:
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26D0AFF00FB1AFF3F" authority=", Nahuel Huapi, Bariloche" authorityName="Nahuel Huapi, Bariloche" box="[818,1233,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Cientifica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentina">Argentina, Nahuel Huapi, Bariloche</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43EFFF26AE7FF00FACCFF3F" box="[1247,1287,187,213]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Isla</collectingCountry>
Victoria and Balcarce.
<typeStatus id="2B2CE5FFD43EFFF26FAFFF64FE35FF13" box="[407,510,223,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
(22) males and females, MACN (some examined).
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26A06FF65FB0BFF12" bold="true" box="[1086,1216,222,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">References</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26AE5FF64FE9AFEF7" author="Blanchard, E. E." page="135" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26AE5FF64FE9AFEF7" author="Blanchard, E. E." pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="133 - 150" refId="ref8223" refString="Blanchard, E. E. (1964) Nuevos predatores de la familia Chamaemyiidae con informacion sobre otras especies argentinas (Dipt.). Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Buenos Aires, Serie 5, l (9), 133 - 150." type="journal article" year="1964">Blanchard, 1964: 135</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="6CAC47D8D43EFFF26F58FEB8FE07FEF7" box="[352,460,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,943,967]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,179,918]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[340,1247,179,918]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adult male of a Chilean species of Ortalidina. Photo by Stephen A. Marshall, used with permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517508/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Figure 1c</figureCitation>
[head, frontal view]), 136 (in key), 137 (Figure 2 [wing];
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26A60FEB8FACFFEF7" author="Mills, N. J." box="[1112,1284,259,285]" page="32" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26A60FEB8FACFFEF7" author="Mills, N. J." box="[1112,1284,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="31 - 36" refId="ref11355" refString="Mills, N. J. (1990) Biological control of forest aphid pests in Africa. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 80, 31 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300045880" type="journal article" year="1990">Mills, 1990: 32</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(biology).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4285B5DD43EFFF26ECFFE9CFCE9FE47" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26ECFFE9CFD83FEAA" ID-CoL="8CJRB" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1964" box="[247,584,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Leucopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapiae" subGenus="Neoeucopis">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26ECFFE9CFE97FEAA" box="[247,348,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Leucopis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26F56FE9CFE3AFEAA" box="[366,497,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Neoeucopis</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26C3AFE9CFD83FEAA" box="[514,584,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">tapiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26C60FE9DFD11FEAA" bold="true" box="[600,730,294,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">References</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26CCFFE9CFC3CFEAB" author="McAlpine, J. F." box="[759,1015,294,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="1851 - 1874" refId="ref11144" refString="McAlpine, J. F. (1971) A revision of the subgenus Neoleucopis (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 103 (12), 1851 - 1874. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1031851 - 12" type="journal article" year="1971">McAlpine, 1971: 1852</bibRefCitation>
(in key), 1856 (Figures 2223 [male genitalia]), 1858 (Figure 30 [egg]), 1863 (redescription), 1864 (Figure 37 [female terminalia]);
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26F1FFED4FDFCFE63" author="Tanasijtshuk, V. N." box="[295,567,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" refId="ref13144" refString="Tanasijtshuk, V. N. (1986) [Silver-flies (Chamaemyiidae)]. Fauna of the USSR. New Series 134. Dipterans. Vol. 14. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nauka Publishers, St. Petersburg, 335 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1986">Tanasijtshuk, 1986: 171</bibRefCitation>
(as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26CC3FED4FB6CFE63" ID-CoL="8CJQY" authority="(Ratzeburg, 1844))" authorityName=", sensu Fulmek" baseAuthorityName="Ratzeburg" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[763,1191,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Leucopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratula">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26CC3FED4FC08FE63" box="[763,963,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Leucopis atratula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26DECFED4FB58FE63" author="Ratzeburg, J. T. C." box="[980,1171,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" refId="ref11645" refString="Ratzeburg, J. T. C. (1844) Die Forst-Insecten oder Abbildung und Beschreibung der in den Waldern Preussens und der Nachbarstaaten als schadlich oder nutzlich bekannt gewordenen Insecten; in systematischer Folge und mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die Vertilgung der Schadlichen. Th. 3. Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, Berlin, 314 pp., 16 pls., 5 foldout charts." type="book" year="1844">Ratzeburg, 1844</bibRefCitation>
))
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26A8CFED4FA57FE63" author="Greathead, D. J." box="[1204,1436,366,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="83 - 90" refId="ref10387" refString="Greathead, D. J. (1995) The Leucopis spp. (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) introduced for biological control of Pineus sp. (Homoptera: Adelgidae) in Hawaii: implications for biological control of Pineus? boerneri in Africa. The Entomologist, 114, 83 - 90." type="journal article" year="1995">Greathead, 1995: 84</bibRefCitation>
(biology, biological control), 87 (discussion).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4285B5DD43EFFF26ECFFE0CFE3CFC6B" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26ECFFE0CFE1AFE3A" ID-CoL="8CJRB" authority="Tanasijtshuk, 1992" box="[247,465,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Neoleucopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapiae">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26ECFFE0CFE1AFE3A" box="[247,465,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Neoleucopis tapiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26FD9FE0DFDA8FE3A" bold="true" box="[481,611,438,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">References</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26C47FE0CFC44FE3B" author="Tanasijtshuk V. N." box="[639,911,438,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="66 - 100" refId="ref13198" refString="Tanasijtshuk V. N. (1992) Morphological differences and phyletic relations between the genera of chamaemyiid flies (Diptera, Chamaemyiidae). Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 72, 199 - 230. [in Russian, English translation: (1993) Morphological differences and phylogenetic relationships of genera of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera). Entomological Review, 72, 66 - 100]" type="journal article" year="1992">Tanasijtshuk, 1992: 225</bibRefCitation>
(combination, implied by genus status);
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26B5EFE0CFE27FE1F" author="Ross, D. W. &amp; Gaimari, S. D. &amp; Kohler, G. R. &amp; Wallin, K. F. &amp; Grubin, S. M." pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref12632" refString="Ross, D. W., Gaimari, S. D., Kohler, G. R., Wallin, K. F. &amp; Grubin, S. M. (2012) Chamaemyiid predators of the hemlock woolly adelgid from the Pacific Northwest. In: Reardon, R. &amp; Onken, B. (Eds.), Implementation and Status of Biological Control of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid. U. S. Forest Service Publication FHTET- 2011 - 04. U. S. Forest Service, Morgantown, West Virginia, pp. 1 - 230." type="book chapter" year="2012">
Ross
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26F1FFE60FE96FE1F" box="[295,349,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">et al</emphasis>
., 2012: 101
</bibRefCitation>
(biology); Gaimari, 2021: 1799 (biological control);
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26A59FE60FA57FE1F" author="Gaimari, S. D. &amp; Havill, N. P." box="[1121,1436,475,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref9837" refString="Gaimari, S. D. &amp; Havill, N. P. (2021) A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predacious on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha. Zootaxa, 5067 (1), 1 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5067.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">Gaimari &amp; Havill, 2021: 2</bibRefCitation>
(comment), 8 (specimen), 27 (in key), 35 (biology, catalog).
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26DDCFE45FBBDFDF2" bold="true" box="[996,1142,510,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Distribution</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43EFFF26AACFE44FB19FDF3" box="[1172,1234,511,537]" name="Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Chile</collectingCountry>
. [also:
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43EFFF26B1EFE44FA52FDF3" box="[1318,1433,511,537]" name="Argentina" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="365395BFD43EFFF26F1FFD98FE37FDD7" box="[295,508,547,573]" country="Argentina" name="Neuquen" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Neuquén Province</collectingRegion>
; Europe; North America (western); Hawaii;
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43EFFF26DCFFD98FB59FDD7" box="[1015,1170,547,573]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43EFFF26AA7FD98FB33FDD7" box="[1183,1272,547,573]" name="Malawi" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Malawi</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43EFFF26B3DFD98FA53FDD7" box="[1285,1432,547,573]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">South Africa</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43EFFF26F1FFDFCFE4DFD8B" box="[295,390,583,609]" name="Burundi" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Burundi</collectingCountry>
; released with unknown establishment in
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43EFFF26D58FDFCFC62FD8B" box="[864,937,583,609]" name="Kenya" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Kenya</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43EFFF26DD9FDFCFB87FD8B" box="[993,1100,583,609]" name="Tanzania" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
].
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26A66FDFCFACBFD8B" bold="true" box="[1118,1280,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Host Records</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26B24FDFCFA56FD8A" ID-CoL="4HYBL" baseAuthorityName="Goeze" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[1308,1437,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pini">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26B24FDFCFA56FD8A" box="[1308,1437,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pineus pini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infesting
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26FABFDD0FDE4FD6F" ID-CoL="4J2FP" box="[403,559,619,645]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radiata">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26FABFDD0FDE4FD6F" box="[403,559,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pinus radiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26C78FDD0FD1DFD6F" ID-CoL="4HYBS" baseAuthorityName="Hartig" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[576,726,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strobi">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26C78FDD0FD1DFD6F" box="[576,726,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pineus strobi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infesting
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26D74FDD0FC2CFD6F" ID-CoL="4J2HY" box="[844,999,619,645]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26D74FDD0FC2CFD6F" box="[844,999,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pinus strobus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26A1BFDD0FB1EFD6F" ID-CoL="4J2J5" box="[1059,1237,619,645]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26A1BFDD0FB1EFD6F" box="[1059,1237,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26ADEFDD0FA57FD6F" ID-CoL="77LJV" baseAuthorityName="Cholodkovsky" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1254,1436,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cembrae">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26ADEFDD0FA57FD6F" box="[1254,1436,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pineus cembrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infesting
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26FAAFD34FDE5FD43" ID-CoL="4J24H" box="[402,558,655,681]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cembra">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26FAAFD34FDE5FD43" box="[402,558,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pinus cembra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26C06FD34FD1FFD43" ID-CoL="8PHP3" authorityName="Marsham" authorityYear="1802" box="[574,724,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26C06FD34FD1FFD43" box="[574,724,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pineus laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infesting
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26D7FFD34FC33FD43" ID-CoL="4J2J5" box="[839,1016,655,681]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26D7FFD34FC33FD43" box="[839,1016,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26A0AFD34FB07FD43" ID-CoL="4J2FP" box="[1074,1228,655,681]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radiata">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26A0AFD34FB07FD43" box="[1074,1228,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pinus radiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26AE4FD34FA57FD43" ID-CoL="4HYBG" baseAuthorityName="Dreyfus" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1244,1436,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26AE4FD34FA57FD43" box="[1244,1436,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pineus orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infesting a species of
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26C1CFD08FDAFFD26" ID-CoL="6QPY" box="[548,612,691,716]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26C1CFD08FDAFFD26" box="[548,612,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26C4CFD08FCE1FD27" ID-CoL="6VLJV" authorityName="Annand" authorityYear="1928" box="[628,810,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boerneri">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26C4CFD08FCE1FD27" box="[628,810,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pineus boerneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infesting
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26DA7FD08FBFAFD27" ID-CoL="6VL5Y" box="[927,1073,691,717]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patula">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26DA7FD08FBFAFD27" box="[927,1073,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pinus patula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26A79FD08FAD0FD27" ID-CoL="4HYB9" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1944" box="[1089,1307,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="havrylenkoi">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26A79FD08FAD0FD27" box="[1089,1307,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pineus havrylenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infesting a species of
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26F9DFD6CFE2EFD1A" ID-CoL="6QPY" box="[421,485,727,752]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26F9DFD6CFE2EFD1A" box="[421,485,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26FCEFD6CFDE5FD1B" bold="true" box="[502,558,727,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Note</emphasis>
—Although described from
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43EFFF26D4CFD6CFC2DFD1B" box="[884,998,727,753]" name="Argentina" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, this species is likely native to North America or Europe and has been introduced elsewhere, including
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43EFFF26DC5FD40FBF1FCFF" box="[1021,1082,763,789]" name="Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Chile</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43EFFF26A54FD40FB10FCFF" box="[1132,1243,763,789]" name="Argentina" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Argentina</collectingCountry>
along with
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26B64FD40FEB2FCD3" ID-CoL="4J2FP" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radiata">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26B64FD40FEB2FCD3" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pinus radiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nursery stock shipped to
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43EFFF26CA4FCA4FD12FCD3" box="[668,729,799,825]" name="Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Chile</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43EFFF26D37FCA4FCB5FCD3" box="[783,894,799,825]" name="Argentina" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Argentina</collectingCountry>
from California in the 19th century (
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26B1AFCA4FEA8FCB7" author="McAlpine, J. F." pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="1851 - 1874" refId="ref11144" refString="McAlpine, J. F. (1971) A revision of the subgenus Neoleucopis (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 103 (12), 1851 - 1874. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1031851 - 12" type="journal article" year="1971">McAlpine, 1971</bibRefCitation>
). The species seems to occur wherever
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26D2CFCF8FC09FCB7" ID-CoL="4J2J5" box="[788,962,835,861]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26D2CFCF8FC09FCB7" box="[788,962,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Pinus sylvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been introduced, which would suggest a European origin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4285B5DD43EFFF26EFFFC30FC9DFC07" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D4877C73D43EFFF26EFFFC30FC9DFC07" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26EFFFC30FD1FFC4F" author="Kaltenbach, J. H." box="[199,724,907,933]" page="197" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1843">
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26EFFFC30FD1FFC4F" authority="Kaltenbach 1843: 197" authorityName="Kaltenbach" authorityPageNumber="197" authorityYear="1843" box="[199,724,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Agromyza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chermivora">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26EFFFC30FE0FFC4F" box="[199,452,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Agromyza chermivora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26FE8FC30FD1FFC4F" author="Kaltenbach, J. H." box="[464,724,907,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" refId="ref10658" refString="Kaltenbach, J. H. (1843) Monographie der Familien der Pflanzenlause (Phytophthires). Aachen, 223 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51483" type="book" year="1843">Kaltenbach 1843: 197</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="2B2CE5FFD43EFFF26CDBFC30FCD0FC4F" box="[739,795,907,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="8C801BCDD43EFFF26DB6FC30FC33FC4F" box="[910,1016,907,933]" name="Germany" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Germany</collectingCountry>
.
<typeStatus id="2B2CE5FFD43EFFF26A3FFC30FBF4FC4F" box="[1031,1087,907,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Type</typeStatus>
sex and repository unknown.
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26F1FFC15FE62FC22" bold="true" box="[295,425,942,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">References</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26FFEFC14FD7EFC23" author="Ratzeburg, J. T. C." box="[454,693,943,969]" page="204" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1844">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26FFEFC14FD7EFC23" author="Ratzeburg, J. T. C." box="[454,693,943,969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" refId="ref11645" refString="Ratzeburg, J. T. C. (1844) Die Forst-Insecten oder Abbildung und Beschreibung der in den Waldern Preussens und der Nachbarstaaten als schadlich oder nutzlich bekannt gewordenen Insecten; in systematischer Folge und mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die Vertilgung der Schadlichen. Th. 3. Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, Berlin, 314 pp., 16 pls., 5 foldout charts." type="book" year="1844">Ratzeburg 1844: 204</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26CD2FC14FCFEFC22" ID-CoL="9G2MQ" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[746,821,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Musca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26CD2FC14FCFEFC22" box="[746,821,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Musca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26D77FC14FB98FC23" author="McAlpine, J. F." box="[847,1107,943,969]" page="1863" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26D77FC14FB98FC23" author="McAlpine, J. F." box="[847,1107,943,969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="1851 - 1874" refId="ref11144" refString="McAlpine, J. F. (1971) A revision of the subgenus Neoleucopis (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 103 (12), 1851 - 1874. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1031851 - 12" type="journal article" year="1971">McAlpine, 1971: 1863</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in synonymy list as
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26B6AFC14FEB8FC07" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">nomen nudum</emphasis>
);
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26FB3FC68FD5CFC07" author="Tanasijtshuk, V. N." box="[395,663,979,1005]" page="231" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26FB3FC68FD5CFC07" author="Tanasijtshuk, V. N." box="[395,663,979,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" refId="ref13094" refString="Tanasijtshuk, V. N. (1984) Family Chamaemyiidae (Ochthiphilidae). In: Soos, A. &amp; Papp, L. (Eds), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 9. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 220 - 232." type="book" year="1984">Tanasijtshuk, 1984: 231</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(synonymy list).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4285B5DD43EFFF26EFFFC4CFB2CFBB3" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D4877C73D43EFFF26EFFFC4CFB2CFBB3" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26EFFFC4CFD82FBFB" ID-CoL="8CJQY" authority=", sensu Fulmek" authorityName=", sensu Fulmek" baseAuthorityName="Ratzeburg" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[199,585,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Leucopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratula">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26EFFFC4CFE58FBFB" box="[199,403,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Leucopis atratula</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26F9EFC4CFE2FFBFA" box="[422,484,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">sensu</emphasis>
Fulmek
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26C62FC4CFD4AFBFA" box="[602,641,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">nec</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26CB5FC4CFC47FBFB" author="Ratzeburg, J. T. C." box="[653,908,1015,1041]" page="170" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1844">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26CB5FC4CFC47FBFB" author="Ratzeburg, J. T. C." box="[653,908,1015,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" refId="ref11645" refString="Ratzeburg, J. T. C. (1844) Die Forst-Insecten oder Abbildung und Beschreibung der in den Waldern Preussens und der Nachbarstaaten als schadlich oder nutzlich bekannt gewordenen Insecten; in systematischer Folge und mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die Vertilgung der Schadlichen. Th. 3. Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, Berlin, 314 pp., 16 pls., 5 foldout charts." type="book" year="1844">Ratzeburg, 1844: 170</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26DA4FC4DFBD5FBFA" bold="true" box="[924,1054,1014,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">References</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26A03FC4CFAD3FBFB" author="Fulmek, L." box="[1083,1304,1015,1041]" page="211" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26A03FC4CFAD3FBFB" author="Fulmek, L." box="[1083,1304,1015,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="211 - 214" refId="ref9483" refString="Fulmek, L. (1912) Leucopis atratula Ratzeb. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie, 8, 211 - 214." type="journal article" year="1912">Fulmek, 1912: 211</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="6CAC47D8D43EFFF26B14FC4CFA57FBFB" box="[1324,1436,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,943,967]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,179,918]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[340,1247,179,918]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adult male of a Chilean species of Ortalidina. Photo by Stephen A. Marshall, used with permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517508/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Figures 1</figureCitation>
[wing], 2 [antenna]), 212 (Figures 34 [larvae]), 213 (Figures 56, [larvae]);
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26AA2FBA0FA57FBDF" author="McAlpine, J. F." box="[1178,1436,1051,1077]" page="1863" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26AA2FBA0FA57FBDF" author="McAlpine, J. F." box="[1178,1436,1051,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="1851 - 1874" refId="ref11144" refString="McAlpine, J. F. (1971) A revision of the subgenus Neoleucopis (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 103 (12), 1851 - 1874. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1031851 - 12" type="journal article" year="1971">McAlpine, 1971: 1863</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(synonymy list);
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26FDEFB84FD39FBB3" author="Tanasijtshuk, V. N." box="[486,754,1087,1113]" page="231" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26FDEFB84FD39FBB3" author="Tanasijtshuk, V. N." box="[486,754,1087,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" refId="ref13094" refString="Tanasijtshuk, V. N. (1984) Family Chamaemyiidae (Ochthiphilidae). In: Soos, A. &amp; Papp, L. (Eds), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 9. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, pp. 220 - 232." type="book" year="1984">Tanasijtshuk, 1984: 231</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(synonymy list), 1986: 171 (synonymy list).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4285B5DD43EFFF26EFFFBD8FD82FB4B" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D4877C73D43EFFF26EFFFBD8FD82FB4B" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26EFFFBD8FE59FB97" ID-CoL="8CJR6" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[199,402,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Leucopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26EFFFBD8FE59FB97" box="[199,402,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Leucopis obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26F9EFBD8FE1DFB96" box="[422,470,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">auct</emphasis>
.,
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26FC8FBD8FDDCFB96" box="[496,535,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">nec</emphasis>
Haliday.
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26CB5FBD9FCC4FB96" bold="true" box="[653,783,1122,1148]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">References</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26D14FBD8FBF8FB97" author="McAlpine, J. F." box="[812,1075,1123,1149]" page="1863" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26D14FBD8FBF8FB97" author="McAlpine, J. F." box="[812,1075,1123,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="1851 - 1874" refId="ref11144" refString="McAlpine, J. F. (1971) A revision of the subgenus Neoleucopis (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 103 (12), 1851 - 1874. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1031851 - 12" type="journal article" year="1971">McAlpine, 1971: 1863</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(synonymy list);
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26B30FBD8FE53FB4B" author="Tanasijtshuk, V. N." page="171" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26B30FBD8FE53FB4B" author="Tanasijtshuk, V. N." pageId="9" pageNumber="564" refId="ref13144" refString="Tanasijtshuk, V. N. (1986) [Silver-flies (Chamaemyiidae)]. Fauna of the USSR. New Series 134. Dipterans. Vol. 14. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nauka Publishers, St. Petersburg, 335 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1986">Tanasijtshuk, 1986: 171</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(syonymy list).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4285B5DD43EFFF26EFFFB10FACFFB03" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D4877C73D43EFFF26EFFFB10FACFFB03" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26EFFFB10FE19FB2F" ID-CoL="87HV6" box="[199,466,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Leucopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Neoleucopis">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26EFFFB10FEE7FB2E" box="[199,300,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Leucopis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26F06FB10FE03FB2F" box="[318,456,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Neoleucopis</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26C3CFB10FC46FB2F" author="Ratzeburg, J. T. C." box="[516,909,1195,1221]" page="170" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1844">
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26C3CFB10FC46FB2F" ID-CoL="8CJQY" authority="Ratzeburg, 1844: 170" authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityPageNumber="170" authorityYear="1844" box="[516,909,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Leucopis" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratula">
aff.
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26C0AFB10FD47FB2F" box="[562,652,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">atratula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26CADFB10FC46FB2F" author="Ratzeburg, J. T. C." box="[661,909,1195,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" refId="ref11645" refString="Ratzeburg, J. T. C. (1844) Die Forst-Insecten oder Abbildung und Beschreibung der in den Waldern Preussens und der Nachbarstaaten als schadlich oder nutzlich bekannt gewordenen Insecten; in systematischer Folge und mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die Vertilgung der Schadlichen. Th. 3. Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, Berlin, 314 pp., 16 pls., 5 foldout charts." type="book" year="1844">Ratzeburg, 1844: 170</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26DA2FB11FBD7FB2E" bold="true" box="[922,1052,1194,1220]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">References</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26A00FB10FA8AFB2F" author="Tanasijtshuk, V. N." box="[1080,1345,1195,1221]" page="436" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26A00FB10FA8AFB2F" author="Tanasijtshuk, V. N." box="[1080,1345,1195,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="872 - 889" refId="ref13001" refString="Tanasijtshuk, V. N. (1961) Arten der Gattung Leucopis aus dem Nordlichen Kaukasus (Diptera, Chamaemyiidae). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 11 (7 - 8), 872 - 889. https: // doi. org / 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 11.7 - 8.872 - 889" type="journal article" year="1961">Tanasijtshuk 1961: 436</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Figure 6A [male genitalia], 6B [thorax], 6CD [head]);
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26D7FFB74FB8EFB03" author="McAlpine, J. F." box="[839,1093,1231,1257]" page="1863" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26D7FFB74FB8EFB03" author="McAlpine, J. F." box="[839,1093,1231,1257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="1851 - 1874" refId="ref11144" refString="McAlpine, J. F. (1971) A revision of the subgenus Neoleucopis (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 103 (12), 1851 - 1874. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1031851 - 12" type="journal article" year="1971">McAlpine, 1971: 1863</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(synonymy list).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4285B5DD43EFFF26EFFFB48FDAFFABF" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D4877C73D43EFFF26EFFFB48FDAFFABF" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">
<taxonomicName id="339720DED43EFFF26EFFFB48FE5BFAE7" ID-CoL="8CJR6" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[199,400,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Chamaemyiidae" genus="Leucopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26EFFFB48FE5BFAE7" box="[199,400,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">Leucopis obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Misidentification.
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26C4CFB49FD3DFAE6" bold="true" box="[628,758,1266,1292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">References</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26D2BFB48FBF6FAE7" author="Culliney, T. W. &amp; Beardsley, J. W. Jr. &amp; Drea, J. J." box="[787,1085,1267,1293]" page="142" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26D2BFB48FBF6FAE7" author="Culliney, T. W. &amp; Beardsley, J. W. Jr. &amp; Drea, J. J." box="[787,1085,1267,1293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="142 - 147" refId="ref8833" refString="Culliney, T. W., Beardsley, J. W. Jr. &amp; Drea, J. J. (1988) Population regulation of the Eurasian pine adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae) in Hawaii. Journal of Economic Entomology, 81 (1), 142 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jee / 81.1.142" type="journal article" year="1988">
Culliney
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26D44FB48FC7AFAE7" box="[892,945,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">et al</emphasis>
., 1988: 142
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(biological control);
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26B0DFB48FE09FADB" author="Nakao, H. K. &amp; Funasaki, G. X. &amp; Higa, S. Y. &amp; Lai, P. Y." page="426" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26B0DFB48FE09FADB" author="Nakao, H. K. &amp; Funasaki, G. X. &amp; Higa, S. Y. &amp; Lai, P. Y." pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="425 - 430" refId="ref11395" refString="Nakao, H. K., Funasaki, G. X., Higa, S. Y. &amp; Lai, P. Y. (1981) Introductions for the biological control in Hawaii, 1977 and 1978. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 23, 425 - 430." type="journal article" year="1981">
Nakao
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26BB0FB48FEF6FADB" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">et al</emphasis>
., 1981: 426
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(biological control);
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26C88FAACFC00FADB" author="Funasaki, G. Y. &amp; Lai, P. - Y. &amp; Nakahara, L. M. &amp; Beardsley, J. W. &amp; Ota, A. K." box="[688,971,1303,1329]" page="116" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26C88FAACFC00FADB" author="Funasaki, G. Y. &amp; Lai, P. - Y. &amp; Nakahara, L. M. &amp; Beardsley, J. W. &amp; Ota, A. K." box="[688,971,1303,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="105 - 160" refId="ref9505" refString="Funasaki, G. Y., Lai, P. - Y., Nakahara, L. M., Beardsley, J. W. &amp; Ota, A. K. (1988) A review of biological control introductions in Hawaii: 1890 - 1985. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 28, 105 - 160." type="journal article" year="1988">
Funasaki
<emphasis id="C6E3874FD43EFFF26D24FAACFC86FADB" box="[796,845,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="564">et al</emphasis>
, 1988: 116
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(biological control);
<treatmentCitation id="75367D4CD43EFFF26A81FAACFA57FADB" author="Greathead, D. J." box="[1209,1436,1302,1329]" page="87" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="900626ACD43EFFF26A81FAACFA57FADB" author="Greathead, D. J." box="[1209,1436,1302,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="564" pagination="83 - 90" refId="ref10387" refString="Greathead, D. J. (1995) The Leucopis spp. (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) introduced for biological control of Pineus sp. (Homoptera: Adelgidae) in Hawaii: implications for biological control of Pineus? boerneri in Africa. The Entomologist, 114, 83 - 90." type="journal article" year="1995">Greathead, 1995: 87</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(clarified misidentification).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>