561 lines
55 KiB
XML
561 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548" ID-PMC="PMC4856898" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-62-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFA5FF92FFE1FFEF1539FFBBFF9BFFAF" ID-PubMed="27212877" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576353" ModsDocID="1314-2003-62-1" checkinTime="1458926364832" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Brambach, Fabian, Coode, Mark, Biagioni, Siria & Culmsee, Heike" docDate="2016" docId="53327A381D126CC3787059343D061B1C" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 62: 1-14" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 62" docPubDate="2016-03-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548" docTitle="Elaeocarpus firdausii Brambach, Coode, Biagioni & Culmsee 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="FFA5FF92FFE1FFEF1539FFBBFF9BFFAF" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFA5FF92FFE1FFEF1539FFBBFF9BFFAF" masterDocTitle="Elaeocarpus firdausii (Elaeocarpaceae), a new species from tropical mountain forests of Sulawesi" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1668141669708" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Elaeocarpus firdausii (Elaeocarpaceae), a new species from tropical mountain forests of Sulawesi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brambach, Fabian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3203-2248</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecology and Ecosystem Research, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspuele 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">fbramba@gwdg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Coode, Mark</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Biagioni, Siria</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Culmsee, Heike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>DBU Natural Heritage, German Federal Foundation for the Environment, An der Bornau 2, 49090 Osnabrueck, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-03-25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>62</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>14</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-62-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFA5FF92FFE1FFEF1539FFBBFF9BFFAF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576353</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127858578" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:53327A381D126CC3787059343D061B1C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/53327A381D126CC3787059343D061B1C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName LSID="53327A38-1D12-6CC3-7870-59343D061B1C" authority="Brambach, Coode, Biagioni & Culmsee" authorityName="Brambach, Coode, Biagioni & Culmsee" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus firdausii" order="Oxalidales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firdausii" status="sp. nov.">Elaeocarpus firdausii Brambach, Coode, Biagioni & Culmsee</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Map of known occurrences of Elaeocarpus firdausii in Sulawesi. Collecting localities are shown as yellow circles: Mt Rorekautimbu and Mt Malemo, both in Lore Lindu National Park (solid black line). The record on Mt Katopas on the Eastern peninsula (?) is based on a sighting without specimen. Most of the montane environments on the island are concentrated in the Central Sulawesi Mountains (CSM, dashed black line) stretching from near Palu into the Southern peninsula. Areas above 2000 m a. s. l. are shaded black. Map created with QGIS (QGIS Development Team 2015) using the digital elevation model of Jarvis et al. (2008)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82764" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Elaeocarpus firdausii. a branch with leaves and flowers (note red leaf-galls) b bark slash c branch apex with inflorescence d underside of mature leaf e flowers with golden disc and grey anthers f reddish-brown young leaves g green young leaves h conspicuous reticulation on underside of mature leaf i clustered arrangement of leaves; j young twig with stipules k flowers on apically bent pedicels. a, c, e, g, i, and k from the type collection (Brambach et al. 1953); b, d, f, h, and j from Brambach et al. 2041." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82765" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Flower details of Elaeocarpus firdausii. a petal with hairy outer surface and apical divisions b stamen with clearly longer outer anther-tooth to the right. Drawing by Heike Culmsee from Brambach et al. 1953 (isotype, L!)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82766" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Pollen of Elaeocarpus firdausii. a the 3 - colporate pollen type in equatorial view b same in polar view c the 2 - colporate pollen type in polar view." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82767" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">, 4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Similar to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="M. J. E. Coode" authorityYear="1995" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus luteolignum" order="Oxalidales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luteolignum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Elaeocarpus luteolignum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Coode, but differing from that species in glabrous (vs minutely adpressed-hairy) terminal buds and young twigs, leaf blades with black gland dots (vs leaf blades without dots), 5-merous (vs 4-merous) flowers, larger flowers (e.g. sepals 5-8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-2.5 vs 3-4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5 mm) and more numerous stamens (29-31 vs 20).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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INDONESIA. Central Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tengah): Lore Lindu National Park, Kabupaten Poso, Kecamatan Lore Utara, 7.7 km NNE of village Sedoa, Mt Rorekautimbu, tree-inventory plot "Bulu Torenali",
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<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="17.2" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-1.2866666">1°17.2'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="18.7" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="120.31167">120°18.7'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2350 m, 21-24 Apr 2012:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brambach F, Mangopo H, Firdaus, Faber M, Tiranda R 1953</emphasis>
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(flowers; holotype: K, 2 sheets, [K000720760]!, [K000720898]!; isotypes: BO (BO 1926842)!, CEB, L [L.2055441]!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Trees</emphasis>
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8-25 m tall, dbh ≤ 40 cm, without buttresses or stilt roots, flowering when full-grown. Outer bark reddish brown, verrucose; inner bark pinkish with white streaks, granular, innermost layer yellow, easily detachable from wood, wood cream to white.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Twigs</pageBreakToken>
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</emphasis>
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glabrous, strongly angulate at first, later terete, twig bark longitudinally cracking, forming a net-like pattern, with large conspicuous leaf scars and many prominent lenticels, gummy-resinous where cut, 2.5-4.0 mm thick towards the tip, with gummy-resinous, glabrous terminal buds.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stipules</emphasis>
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caducous, linear-subulate to narrow-triangular, glabrous, often gummy, 1.5-5.0 mm long, tapering, entire.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Leaves</emphasis>
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spirally arranged, loosely to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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tightly grouped towards twig tips in older trees, in juveniles often scattered, appearing in flushes, leaves of one flush
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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equal in size. Fresh leaves brownish-red when young, later dark green with contrasting paler midrib above, much lighter green and with contrasting darker green venation and the sometimes red midrib beneath, dying red.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Petioles</emphasis>
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2-14 mm long, 1-3 mm thick, glabrous or almost so, sometimes verrucose when mature, often longitudinally finely striate, usually flat in apical third above, sometimes rounded or slightly channelled above, distinct from or merging into decurrent leaf base (variable within a specimen), pulvinous or not on both ends, without pegs at apex, sometimes with elongate glands at the junction of petiole and lamina-margin, geniculate.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Blades</emphasis>
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chartaceous to coriaceous, mostly oblong-obovate, some oblong-elliptic or obovate, 2.1-4.0 times as long as wide, (5-) 6-13 (-15.5)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-5.0 (-6.5) cm, acute to obtuse (80-110°) to rounded at apex, the very tip notched and with a (sometimes fused) pair of black glands, cuneate at base or tapering towards a broadly cuneate base (the larger leaves more narrowly cuneate), occasionally rounded, surface sometimes bullate, dull and glabrous above, glabrous or sometimes with some short adpressed hairs on the midrib beneath when young and then soon glabrescent, glabrous and not verrucose beneath when mature, with minute black gland dots on both sides. Midrib darker than lamina, prominent but widened and flattened towards base above, strongly prominent beneath, with 8-16 pairs of main lateral veins, diverging at 60-80° from midrib, straight for most of their length or curved, breaking up 3/4 to 7/8 inside margin, looping forward and mostly joining up; usually with intermediate veins in between,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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prominent and of same colour as or paler than lamina above and below, higher-order veins reticulate, obscure or
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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clear and raised above and below, of same colour as lamina, areoles squarish, <2 mm across, domatia absent. Margins
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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entire to weakly glandular-serrate, sometimes less serrated in lower half, the teeth 2-11 mm apart, glands present regardless of serration, 0.5 mm long, spindle- or claw-shaped, sometimes elongate along margin, black.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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in the axils of current leaves, solitary, racemose,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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of same length as subtending leaf, 3-8 cm long, axis angular, 1.2-1.5 mm thick at about halfway, with sparse, short, straight hairs between adpressed and spreading, 5-9-flowered.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Flowers</emphasis>
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bisexual, 5-merous (once 6-petalled), spiral or almost whorled on inflorescence, bracts early caducous, not seen, pedicels 6-18 mm long and 0.5-1 mm thick in flower, bent downwards and thickened at apex, buds ovoid, acute at apex.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sepals</emphasis>
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5-8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-2.5 mm, cream-coloured when fresh, not verrucose and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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pale adpressed-sericeous outside, densely white-velutinous next to the margins inside, otherwise short-sericeous inside but glabrous in the basalmost 1.5 mm, keeled inside for whole length.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Petals</emphasis>
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thick and opaque, ivory-coloured on account of the hairs when fresh, oblong, parallel-sided almost to base, rounded to a narrow (1 mm wide) base, 6.5-7.5 mm long, 2.0-
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">2.5</pageBreakToken>
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mm wide at widest point of limb, rounded at apex and divided into 9-12 narrow-triangular apical divisions 0.3-1.0 mm long, divisions unequal in length and grouped into lobes and acute at tip, not verrucose in dried material, densely white-sericeous outside, margins velvety or densely short-hairy throughout, densely short-hairy inside except for glabrous patch near base, with a low, narrow keel inside running for most of limb length,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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flat at midpoint and flat at base, without any infolding of margins.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Disk</emphasis>
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golden when fresh,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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annular, 10-toothed, 0.5-0.8 mm high, densely covered with short, straight, golden hairs.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stamens</emphasis>
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29-31, inserted in a
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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single ring between disk and ovary; filaments 0.6-1.8 mm long, straight to somewhat incurved tapering from base to apex, glabrous or with a few minute hairs; anthers 1.6-2.5 mm long, khaki when fresh, minutely hairy, with outer tooth clearly much longer than inner and with a beak 0.2-0.5 mm long, beak glabrous or with a few minute hairs without setae at tip.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ovary</emphasis>
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placed above the disk, shape clearly narrowed at base, 2.0-2.5 mm long, densely short- to medium-hairy, 2-3-locular; ovules 8-12 per locule; style 2.5-3.5 mm long, stout, tapering to a point, glabrous except for the very base.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fruits</emphasis>
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unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Flowering was observed in April. No fruiting was observed.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="pollen morphology and dimorphism">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pollen morphology and dimorphism.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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The pollen of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brambach, Coode, Biagioni & Culmsee" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus firdausii" order="Oxalidales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firdausii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Elaeocarpus firdausii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is dimorphic as two distinct morphological pollen grains were observed in the sample. The most common one is a 3-aperturate pollen grain, typical of the family
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<taxonomicName family="Elaeocarpaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Oxalidales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="family">Elaeocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Coode, MJE" editor="Kubitzki, K" journalOrPublisher="Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="135 - 144" publicationUrl="http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-07257-8_18" refId="B13" refString="Coode, MJE, 2004. Elaeocarpaceae. In: Kubitzki, K, Ed., Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg: 135 - 144, http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-07257-8_18" title="Elaeocarpaceae." url="http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-07257-8_18" volumeTitle="Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants." year="2004">Coode 2004</bibRefCitation>
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). The second, less common (4%), type presents a 2-aperturate morphology and it is clearly distinguishable from the first (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Pollen of Elaeocarpus firdausii. a the 3 - colporate pollen type in equatorial view b same in polar view c the 2 - colporate pollen type in polar view." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82767" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4</figureCitation>
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). The two pollen types are described as follows:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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3-colporate type (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Pollen of Elaeocarpus firdausii. a the 3 - colporate pollen type in equatorial view b same in polar view c the 2 - colporate pollen type in polar view." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82767" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4a-b</figureCitation>
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):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Prolate spheroidal to spheroidal pollen grains; outline in polar view (amb) rounded semi angular; psillate; P/E: 1.0 (0.9-1.1); polar axis (P): 12.2 (11.2-13.3)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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; equatorial axis (E): 11.9 (10.4-13.1)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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; apocolpium index 3-4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. Colpi 7.1-11.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long with indistinct ends. Endoaperture lalongate, c. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter. Exine c. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick, sexine as thick as nexine.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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2-colporate type (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Pollen of Elaeocarpus firdausii. a the 3 - colporate pollen type in equatorial view b same in polar view c the 2 - colporate pollen type in polar view." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82767" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4c</figureCitation>
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):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Outline in polar view (amb) circular-elliptical; equatorial axis (E): 11.6 (10.5-12.7)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Remaining characteristics as the 3-colporate type.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
So far, only one other case of pollen dimorphism has been documented for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus" order="Oxalidales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Elaeocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Huang, T-C" journalOrPublisher="National Taiwan University, Botany Dept. Press, Taipei" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="B23" refString="Huang, T-C, 1972. Pollen flora of Taiwan. National Taiwan University, Botany Dept. Press, Taipei" title="Pollen flora of Taiwan" year="1972">Huang 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brambach, Coode, Biagioni & Culmsee" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus firdausii" order="Oxalidales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firdausii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Elaeocarpus firdausii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the low percentage (ca. 4%) of the 2-colporate type as compared to the 3-colporate suggests the former is an aberrant morphology, possibly associated with hybridism as reported in other species (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bhowmik, S" journalOrPublisher="Notulae Scientia Biologicae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="38 - 44" publicationUrl="10.15835/nsb.4.3.7689" refId="B2" refString="Bhowmik, S, Datta, BK, 2012. Pollen Dimorphism of Several Members of Nymphaeaceae and Nelumbonaceae: An Index of Geographical and Ecological Variation. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 4: 38 - 44, DOI: 10.15835/nsb.4.3.7689" title="Pollen Dimorphism of Several Members of Nymphaeaceae and Nelumbonaceae: An Index of Geographical and Ecological Variation." url="10.15835/nsb.4.3.7689" volume="4" year="2012">Bhowmik and Datta 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="976931" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82765" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brambach, Coode, Biagioni & Culmsee" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus firdausii" order="Oxalidales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firdausii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Elaeocarpus firdausii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">a</emphasis>
|
||
branch with leaves and flowers (note red leaf-galls)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">b</emphasis>
|
||
bark slash
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">c</emphasis>
|
||
branch apex with inflorescence
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">d</emphasis>
|
||
underside of mature leaf
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">e</emphasis>
|
||
flowers with golden disc and grey anthers
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">f</emphasis>
|
||
reddish-brown young leaves
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">g</emphasis>
|
||
green young leaves
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">h</emphasis>
|
||
conspicuous reticulation on underside of mature leaf
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">i</emphasis>
|
||
clustered arrangement of leaves;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">j</emphasis>
|
||
young twig with stipules
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">k</emphasis>
|
||
flowers on apically bent pedicels.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">a</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">c</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">e</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">g</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">i</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">k</emphasis>
|
||
from the type collection (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brambach et al. 1953</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">b</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">d</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">f</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">h</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">j</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brambach et al. 2041</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="976933" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82766" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Flower details of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brambach, Coode, Biagioni & Culmsee" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus firdausii" order="Oxalidales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firdausii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Elaeocarpus firdausii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">a</emphasis>
|
||
petal with hairy outer surface and apical divisions
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">b</emphasis>
|
||
stamen with clearly longer outer anther-tooth to the right. Drawing by Heike Culmsee from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brambach et al. 1953</emphasis>
|
||
(isotype, L!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="976935" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82767" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Pollen of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brambach, Coode, Biagioni & Culmsee" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus firdausii" order="Oxalidales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firdausii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Elaeocarpus firdausii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">a</emphasis>
|
||
the 3-colporate pollen type in equatorial view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">b</emphasis>
|
||
same in polar view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">c</emphasis>
|
||
the 2-colporate pollen type in polar view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Endemic to the central part of Sulawesi. The species is so far recorded with certainty from Mt Rorekautimbu and Mt Malemo at elevations from 2150 to 2400m (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Map of known occurrences of Elaeocarpus firdausii in Sulawesi. Collecting localities are shown as yellow circles: Mt Rorekautimbu and Mt Malemo, both in Lore Lindu National Park (solid black line). The record on Mt Katopas on the Eastern peninsula (?) is based on a sighting without specimen. Most of the montane environments on the island are concentrated in the Central Sulawesi Mountains (CSM, dashed black line) stretching from near Palu into the Southern peninsula. Areas above 2000 m a. s. l. are shaded black. Map created with QGIS (QGIS Development Team 2015) using the digital elevation model of Jarvis et al. (2008)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82764" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both mountains are located within LLNP. During our ecological
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">fieldwork</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, we recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brambach, Coode, Biagioni & Culmsee" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus firdausii" order="Oxalidales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firdausii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Elaeocarpus firdausii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in all three inventory plots at> 2000 m, although with rather few individuals at each site. Because of its apparent association with a distinct habitat (upper montane or mossy forest above c. 2000 m) and the general lack of information from montane habitats in Sulawesi, we consider it very likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brambach, Coode, Biagioni & Culmsee" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus firdausii" order="Oxalidales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firdausii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Elaeocarpus firdausii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in many of the upper montane forests of the CSM (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Map of known occurrences of Elaeocarpus firdausii in Sulawesi. Collecting localities are shown as yellow circles: Mt Rorekautimbu and Mt Malemo, both in Lore Lindu National Park (solid black line). The record on Mt Katopas on the Eastern peninsula (?) is based on a sighting without specimen. Most of the montane environments on the island are concentrated in the Central Sulawesi Mountains (CSM, dashed black line) stretching from near Palu into the Southern peninsula. Areas above 2000 m a. s. l. are shaded black. Map created with QGIS (QGIS Development Team 2015) using the digital elevation model of Jarvis et al. (2008)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82764" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
FB observed a sterile sapling matching all vegetative characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brambach, Coode, Biagioni & Culmsee" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus firdausii" order="Oxalidales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firdausii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Elaeocarpus firdausii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Mt Katopas, c. 130 km east of the other two sites (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="12.7" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-1.2116667">1°12.7'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="26.0" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="121.433334">121°26.0'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2450 m, 6 Sep 2014), indicating a possible occurrence on
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sulawesi’s">Sulawesi's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Eastern peninsula (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Map of known occurrences of Elaeocarpus firdausii in Sulawesi. Collecting localities are shown as yellow circles: Mt Rorekautimbu and Mt Malemo, both in Lore Lindu National Park (solid black line). The record on Mt Katopas on the Eastern peninsula (?) is based on a sighting without specimen. Most of the montane environments on the island are concentrated in the Central Sulawesi Mountains (CSM, dashed black line) stretching from near Palu into the Southern peninsula. Areas above 2000 m a. s. l. are shaded black. Map created with QGIS (QGIS Development Team 2015) using the digital elevation model of Jarvis et al. (2008)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82764" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1</figureCitation>
|
||
, question mark).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Based on the morphological information available
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brambach, Coode, Biagioni & Culmsee" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus firdausii" order="Oxalidales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firdausii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Elaeocarpus firdausii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a regular component of upper montane (mossy) forests, where its individuals can form part of the canopy. These forests occur from c. 2000 m upwards in the LLNP area and are easily distinguished because of the dominance of conifers (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Podocarpaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Oxalidales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="family">Podocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mostly
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Coniferopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" genus="Dacrycarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dacrycarpus imbricatus" order="Podocarpales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Gymnospermae" rank="species" species="imbricatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Dacrycarpus imbricatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Blume) de Laub. and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Phyllocladus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phyllocladus hypophyllus" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hypophyllus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Phyllocladus hypophyllus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hook.f.). They have a thick layer of epiphytic mosses and ferns on trunks and branches of the trees,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
abundant undergrowth, c. 20 m tall canopies with emergents reaching> 30 m and large amounts of dead wood. The soils are characterized by excess of moisture and heavy accumulation of organic matter. They were classified as Folic Gleysols, Folic Histosols and Folic Cambisols according to the WRB classification (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUSS Working Group WRB" journalOrPublisher="FAO, Rome" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" publicationUrl="http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3794e.pdf" refId="B26" refString="IUSS Working Group WRB, 2014. World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. FAO, Rome, http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3794e.pdf" title="World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps" url="http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3794e.pdf" year="2014">IUSS Working Group WRB 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Dominant families besides conifers include
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Syzygium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Syzygium" order="Myrtiflorae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Syzygium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. J. Scott" authorityYear="1979" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Xanthomyrtus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xanthomyrtus angustifolia" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Xanthomyrtus angustifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A.J.Scott),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Diels" authorityYear="1922" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barnett" authorityYear="1944" baseAuthorityName="Stapf" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Paracryphiaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lithocarpus havilandii" order="Theales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="havilandii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lithocarpus havilandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Stapf) Barnett),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Paracryphiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Theales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="family">Paracryphiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schltr" authorityYear="1914" baseAuthorityName="Elmer" class="Cladi" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Quintinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quintinia apoensis" order="Oxalidales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="apoensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Quintinia apoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Elmer) Schltr.), and other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Cladi" family="Elaeocarpaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Oxalidales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Elaeocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. J. E. Coode" authorityYear="1995" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus steupii" order="Oxalidales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steupii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Elaeocarpus steupii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Coode,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coode" authorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus teysmannii subsp. domatiferus" order="Oxalidales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="teysmannii" subSpecies="domatiferus">Elaeocarpus teysmannii Koord. & Valeton subsp. domatiferus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Coode).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">The specific epithet honours our colleague Firdaus Dg. Matta (born 1984), formerly with Herbarium Celebense in Palu, Sulawesi, who collected the type specimen and contributed greatly to the success of our fieldwork with his skills in plant collection and identification.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Based on the locations of the estimated potential habitat for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brambach, Coode, Biagioni & Culmsee" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus firdausii" order="Oxalidales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firdausii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Elaeocarpus firdausii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we calculated an EOO of 58 534 km² and an AOO of 5 760 km². The latter is presumably an overestimate as not all potentially suitable sites will necessarily be occupied by the species. Nevertheless, occurrence over a relatively wide range is plausible, given the large distance (c. 55 km) between two of the collection sites. It is thus unlikely that either EOO or AOO will fall below the thresholds of criteria B1 or B2 for IUCN category VU (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland, Switzerland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlist_cats_crit_en.pdf" refId="B24" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlist_cats_crit_en.pdf" title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlist_cats_crit_en.pdf" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). While deforestation is an ongoing threat to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sulawesi’s">Sulawesi's</normalizedToken>
|
||
forests, upper montane forests are usually less affected because of their remote locations and difficult access (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cannon, CH" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="747 - 759" publicationUrl="10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00323.x" refId="B3" refString="Cannon, CH, Summers, M, Harting, JR, Kessler, PJA, 2007. Developing Conservation Priorities Based on Forest Type, Condition, and Threats in a Poorly Known Ecoregion: Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biotropica 39: 747 - 759, DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00323.x" title="Developing Conservation Priorities Based on Forest Type, Condition, and Threats in a Poorly Known Ecoregion: Sulawesi, Indonesia." url="10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00323.x" volume="39" year="2007">Cannon et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hence, we do not consider habitat destruction or exploitation by humans as an imminent threat to population levels. Given (1) the uncertainties in the estimated EOO and AOO, and (2) the recommendation to use a precautionary attitude in conservation assessments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee" journalOrPublisher="IUCN" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B25" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2014. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11. IUCN, http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2014">IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we propose a preliminary extinction risk assessment of "Near Threatened" (NT) following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland, Switzerland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlist_cats_crit_en.pdf" refId="B24" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlist_cats_crit_en.pdf" title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlist_cats_crit_en.pdf" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Based on the morphological information available,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brambach, Coode, Biagioni & Culmsee" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus firdausii" order="Oxalidales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firdausii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Elaeocarpus firdausii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is probably related to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. J. E. Coode" authorityYear="1995" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus luteolignum" order="Oxalidales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luteolignum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Elaeocarpus luteolignum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. J. E. Coode" authorityYear="1995" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus gambutanus" order="Oxalidales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gambutanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Elaeocarpus gambutanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Coode and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. J. E. Coode" authorityYear="1995" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus linnaei" order="Oxalidales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linnaei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Elaeocarpus linnaei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Coode; this assemblage may be sister to the
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Polystachyus" lsidName="Polystachyus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Polystachyus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group from Western Malesia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">In</pageBreakToken>
|
||
addition to the morphological differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brambach, Coode, Biagioni & Culmsee" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus firdausii" order="Oxalidales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firdausii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Elaeocarpus firdausii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. J. E. Coode" authorityYear="1995" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus luteolignum" order="Oxalidales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luteolignum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Elaeocarpus luteolignum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mentioned in the diagnosis above, according to our present knowledge there are differences in habitat preference:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brambach, Coode, Biagioni & Culmsee" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus firdausii" order="Oxalidales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firdausii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Elaeocarpus firdausii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in mossy forest at higher elevations while
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. J. E. Coode" authorityYear="1995" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus luteolignum" order="Oxalidales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luteolignum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Elaeocarpus luteolignum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from lower to mid-montane forest dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Oxalidales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
at 1200-1800 m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Coode, MJE" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="267 - 294" publicationUrl="10.2307/4110631" refId="B6" refString="Coode, MJE, 1995. Elaeocarpus in the Flora Malesiana area: E. kraengensis and ten new species from Sulawesi. Kew Bulletin 50: 267 - 294, DOI: 10.2307/4110631" title="Elaeocarpus in the Flora Malesiana area: E. kraengensis and ten new species from Sulawesi." url="10.2307/4110631" volume="50" year="1995">Coode 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Both observations in the field and examination of dried specimens show that there are morphological differences between smaller understorey plants and mature canopy-forming individuals. The former have less-clustered, longer, thicker and relatively narrower leaves with more clearly bipulvinate petioles, less-rounded tips and more clearly serrate margins. We do not know whether these differences are related to age or rather to environmental factors, e.g. stronger radiation and transpiration in the canopy. Seedlings have even narrower leaves but the very short petioles are only swollen at the base. Conspicuous cup-shaped leaf galls or their presumed scars (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Elaeocarpus firdausii. a branch with leaves and flowers (note red leaf-galls) b bark slash c branch apex with inflorescence d underside of mature leaf e flowers with golden disc and grey anthers f reddish-brown young leaves g green young leaves h conspicuous reticulation on underside of mature leaf i clustered arrangement of leaves; j young twig with stipules k flowers on apically bent pedicels. a, c, e, g, i, and k from the type collection (Brambach et al. 1953); b, d, f, h, and j from Brambach et al. 2041." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.62.7548.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/82765" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</figureCitation>
|
||
) were present in all collected specimens. All sepals and petals have a glabrous patch at the base of the otherwise hairy inner surface. These glabrous portions are apparently pressed against the 10-lobed disc before anthesis. Wood density, based on three specimens, varied from 0.45-0.56 g/cm³.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="specimens examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Accession numbers are given in parentheses, barcode numbers in square brackets. Barcodes of specimens in K and L link to specimen records in the respective databases (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="RBG Kew" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" publicationUrl="http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/gotoHomePage.do" refId="B31" refString="RBG Kew, 2015. The Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/gotoHomePage.do [December 15, 2015]" title="The Herbarium Catalogue" url="http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/gotoHomePage.do" year="2015">RBG Kew 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wieringa, J" journalOrPublisher="National Herbarium of the Netherlands - NHN" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" publicationUrl="http://vstbol.leidenuniv.nl/nhn/Explore" refId="B34" refString="Wieringa, J, 2015. NHN Herbarium Database. National Herbarium of the Netherlands - NHN, http://vstbol.leidenuniv.nl/nhn/Explore [December 15, 2015]" title="NHN Herbarium Database" url="http://vstbol.leidenuniv.nl/nhn/Explore" year="2015">Wieringa 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">INDONESIA. Central Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tengah), Lore Lindu National Park:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Kabupaten Poso, Kecamatan Lore Utara, 8.7 km NNE of village Sedoa, Mt Rorekautimbu, tree-inventory plot
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Rorekautimbu”">"Rorekautimbu"</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="16.7" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-1.2783333">1°16.7'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="18.6" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="120.31">120°18.6'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2400 m:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brambach F, Mangopo H, Firdaus, Faber M, Tiranda R 0721</emphasis>
|
||
(18-30 Jul 2011, sterile, BO (BO 1926844)!, CEB, GOET [GOET014481]!, K [K000720899]!, L [L.2055437]!);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Culmsee H 2152</emphasis>
|
||
(Aug-Sep 2007, sterile, GOET [GOET014482]!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Kab. Poso, Kec. Lore Utara, 7.7 km NNE of village Sedoa, Mt Rorekautimbu, tree-inventory plot "Bulu Torenali",
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="17.2" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-1.2866666">1°17.2'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="18.7" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="120.31167">120°18.7'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2350 m, 21-24 Apr 2012:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brambach F, Mangopo H, Firdaus, Faber M, Tiranda R 2041</emphasis>
|
||
(flowers, BO (BO 1926843)!, CEB, GOET [GOET014478]!, K [K000720902]!, L [L.2055436]!);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Mangopo H, Firdaus, Brambach F 11</emphasis>
|
||
(seedling, L [L.2055440]!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Kab. Sigi, Kec. Kulawi Selatan, 7.7 km ENE of village Moa, Mt Malemo, tree-inventory plot "Tutu Malemo",
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="45.9" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-1.7650001">1°45.9'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="09.6" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="120.16">120°09.6'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2150 m, 18-23 Oct 2011:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brambach F, Mangopo H, Firdaus, Faber M, Tiranda R 0937</emphasis>
|
||
(sterile, CEB, GOET [GOET014480]!);
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brambach F, Mangopo H, Firdaus, Faber M, Tiranda R 0998</emphasis>
|
||
(sterile, CEB, K [K000720900]!, L [L.2055438]!),
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brambach F, Mangopo H, Firdaus, Faber M, Tiranda R 1026</emphasis>
|
||
(sterile, CEB, L [L.2055439]!),
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brambach F, Mangopo H, Firdaus, Faber M, Tiranda R 1028</emphasis>
|
||
(sterile, CEB, GOET [GOET014479]!, K [K000720901]!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |