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<document id="AF121F9014762006192B32F9D7133DA7" ID-DOI="10.14411/fp.2021.028" ID-ISSN="1803-6465" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8143672" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" checkinTime="1689253640183" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Inpankaew, Tawin, Nguyen, Thi Thuy, Nimsuphan, Burin, Kengradomkij, Chanya, Kamyingkird, Ketsarin, Chimnoi, Wissanuwat, Boonaue, Boy &amp; Xuan, Xuenan" docDate="2021" docId="03F8BC0B233E5B7BFF7281FF0CA4E98D" docLanguage="en" docName="FoliaParasit.68.028.pdf" docOrigin="Folia Parasitologica (028) 68" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/fp.2021.028" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7565043637801AC5878175AE945D3331:FoliaParasit.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="7565043637801AC5878175AE945D3331" docStyleName="FoliaParasit.2015-.journal_article" docTitle="Toxoplasma gondii" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="FFC1C473233C5B79FFE584400F30EE1A" masterDocTitle="Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection from water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in northeastern and southern Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="6" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1689253945045" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="3451AE6691713AA0154919F4A68FE9D2">Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection from water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in northeastern and southern Thailand</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4D4EA0B32331383AC78A1B67C892D536">Inpankaew, Tawin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B9B9FAA2A5D05FC17FAED2640BDE653A">Nguyen, Thi Thuy</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4718A4DCF8AC6FD624CEA759A90A59D0">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; &amp; Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="58445BA7BC39702B4ACBD745F485C301">Nimsuphan, Burin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8EBB8DC37C418819817ABC3DDD3A65F1">Kengradomkij, Chanya</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E2BE33F5621E555865651C5F00FCF340">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="BF328627209178DCBA8BFE1E75DF77AF">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2713B93BC07A947AB1B0E5D5FF395358">Chimnoi, Wissanuwat</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="40CE5563042B34AD10E7CB455E3864BD">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4FDE065E3EA42E6AAB7992770A84F5A7">Boonaue, Boy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8EDA10D3DC24E9004BF6B87721DF8C1D">Xuan, Xuenan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="14D082D1D8A71F8386C3E80B20309AA2">National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D0A6BA71233E5B7BFF7281FF0D0AEBCD" bold="true" box="[151,570,1471,1495]" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B925D10F233E5B7BFF7281FF0D0AEBCD" bold="true" box="[151,570,1471,1495]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Seroprevalence of
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<emphasis id="B925D10F233E5B7BFE8C81FF0D0AEBCD" bold="true" box="[361,570,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Toxoplasma gondii</emphasis>
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In general, antibodies to
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<emphasis id="B925D10F233E5B7BFE58819F0DB8EBED" box="[445,648,1503,1527]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Toxoplasma gondii</emphasis>
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were found in 49 (6.8%) of the 721 serum samples screened using LAT. In northeastern
<collectingCountry id="F3464D8D233E5B7BFE68825F0EDFE82D" box="[397,495,1567,1591]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
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<emphasis id="B925D10F233E5B7BFDE582600D54E82D" box="[512,612,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T. gondii</emphasis>
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infection was most prevalent (11.1%) among buffaloes raised in
<collectingRegion id="4995C3FF233E5B7BFD25827F0FC9E86D" country="Thailand" name="Roi Et" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Roi Et Province</collectingRegion>
, while the lowest prevalence value observed was 1.4%, in
<collectingRegion id="4995C3FF233E5B7BFF1E823F0EFFE88D" box="[251,463,1663,1687]" country="Thailand" name="Buriram" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Buri Ram Province</collectingRegion>
. Seroprevalence in buffaloes from
<collectingRegion id="4995C3FF233E5B7BFF3382DF0E20E8AD" box="[214,272,1695,1719]" country="Thailand" name="Surin" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Surin</collectingRegion>
and
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was similar at 5.5% and 4.9%, respectively. There was a seroprevalence of 3.4% in buffaloes from
<collectingRegion id="4995C3FF233E5B7BFEDA829F0E9AE8ED" box="[319,426,1759,1783]" country="Thailand" name="Sisaket" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Si Sa Ket</collectingRegion>
and 6.5% of buffaloes in Ubon Rachathani were infected with
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<emphasis id="B925D10F233E5B7BFE0683400D71E90D" box="[483,577,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T. gondii</emphasis>
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(
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE0D1D233E5B7BFF50835F0B9FEB6D" blockId="2.[151,776,1471,2071]" lastBlockId="2.[813,1437,1311,1943]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
The majority of the samples for
<taxonomicName id="4C51769E233E5B7BFDE883600D5BE92D" baseAuthorityName="Nicolle et Manceaux" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[525,619,1823,1847]" family="Sarcocystidae" genus="Toxoplasma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="gondii">
<emphasis id="B925D10F233E5B7BFDE883600D5BE92D" box="[525,619,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T. gondii</emphasis>
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presented low LAT titres. The most common titre was 1: 64 (66% of the positive samples). The remaining 25% of samples corre- sponded to the titre 1: 128. Only one and two positive samples showed 1: 1,024 and 1: 256 titres, respective- ly. No sample was positive at the moderate titre of 1: 512 (
<tableCitation id="C6D338A6233E5B7BFF7B839F0FC0E9ED" box="[158,240,2015,2039]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="1.[151,207,189,210]" captionText="Table 1. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) infection in water buffaloes based on latex agglutination test." pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Table 1</tableCitation>
). In
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, titres of either 1: 128 or 1: 256 accounted for 28.6% of positive serum samples. While 21% of positive sera were recorded for the 1: 64 titre, only one and two were observed in 1: 1,024 and 1: 512 titres, respectively (
<tableCitation id="C6D338A6233E5B7BFBAA811F0BAFEB6D" box="[1103,1183,1375,1399]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="1.[151,207,189,210]" captionText="Table 1. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) infection in water buffaloes based on latex agglutination test." pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE0D1D233E5B7BFCAE813F0B0EE82D" blockId="2.[813,1437,1311,1943]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Of the 294 farms, 39 had serological evidence of
<taxonomicName id="4C51769E233E5B7BFAB781C00C79EBAD" baseAuthorityName="Nicolle et Manceaux" baseAuthorityYear="1908" family="Sarcocystidae" genus="Toxoplasma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="gondii">
<emphasis id="B925D10F233E5B7BFAB781C00C79EBAD" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T. gondii</emphasis>
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infection (13.3%). They were widely distributed among all investigated provinces: Ubon Rachathani (8/59, 14%),
<collectingRegion id="4995C3FF233E5B7BFCC8819F0C46EBED" box="[813,886,1503,1527]" country="Thailand" name="Roi Et" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Roi Et</collectingRegion>
(9/58, 16%),
<collectingRegion id="4995C3FF233E5B7BFBF2819F0BB5EBED" box="[1047,1157,1503,1527]" country="Thailand" name="Sisaket" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Si Sa Ket</collectingRegion>
(2/22, 9%),
<collectingRegion id="4995C3FF233E5B7BFAFD819F0A62EBED" box="[1304,1362,1503,1527]" country="Thailand" name="Surin" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Surin</collectingRegion>
(4/28, 14%),
<collectingRegion id="4995C3FF233E5B7BFC9281BF0CD3E80D" box="[887,995,1535,1559]" country="Thailand" name="Buriram" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Buri Ram</collectingRegion>
(1/22, 5%),
<collectingRegion id="4995C3FF233E5B7BFB9181BF0A25E80D" box="[1140,1301,1535,1559]" country="Thailand" name="Sakon Nakhon" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sakon Nakhon</collectingRegion>
(9/98, 9%), and
<collectingRegion id="4995C3FF233E5B7BFCBF825F0C8FE82D" box="[858,959,1567,1591]" country="Thailand" name="Songkhla" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Songkhla</collectingRegion>
(6/7, 86%).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE0D1D233E5B7BFCAE827F0CA4E98D" blockId="2.[813,1437,1311,1943]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Considering age, only 2% of the calves (aged less than 1 year) were positive for
<taxonomicName id="4C51769E233E5B7BFBD882200BACE86D" baseAuthorityName="Nicolle et Manceaux" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1085,1180,1631,1655]" family="Sarcocystidae" genus="Toxoplasma" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eucoccidiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Miozoa" rank="species" species="gondii">
<emphasis id="B925D10F233E5B7BFBD882200BACE86D" box="[1085,1180,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">T. gondii</emphasis>
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infection, whereas buffaloes aged 15 years and buffaloes older than 5 years pre- sented prevalence values of 6.3% and 8.7%, respectively. The prevalence of infection was 3.8% for male buffaloes and 7.3% for the females. However, these differences in prevalence values were not significant (
<tableCitation id="C6D338A6233E5B7BFB3A82BF0A05E90D" box="[1247,1333,1791,1815]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[151,207,189,210]" captionText="Table 2. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) infection in water buffaloes based on age, sex and area." pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Table 2</tableCitation>
). The se- roprevalence of the disease was significantly (
<emphasis id="B925D10F233E5B7BFACD83600A05E92D" box="[1320,1333,1824,1847]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">p</emphasis>
= 0.002) higher in water buffaloes from the southern province (14.7%) than from the provinces in the northeast (5.6%) (
<tableCitation id="C6D338A6233E5B7BFCD1833F0CB7E98D" box="[820,903,1919,1943]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="3.[151,207,189,210]" captionText="Table 2. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) infection in water buffaloes based on age, sex and area." pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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