198 lines
21 KiB
XML
198 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="0B6AC5C5C282A8570C176BD409542643" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.1.2" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4175.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="887d93ae-26dc-4192-87d4-5396e561df0f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="160280" ID-ZooBank="011B74BE-40C0-4606-9354-C637F83C3E43" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1476253530258" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shattuck, Steve & Cover, Stefan" docDate="2016" docId="03E5E90BFF8E233FFF3C98C5FC167244" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4175.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4175 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Formica obscuriventris Mayr 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFDC9173FF882338FFAB9D09FFC47079" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of some little-understood North American ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="10" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698389545208" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="582B16634BD5E51EED28345BC840C014">Taxonomy of some little-understood North American ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="41A109ED58519E2B8B9860799B832B29">Shattuck, Steve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="193A7A239FCC3AE6F422F461020963FA">Cover, Stefan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DC2B2E9B0F9A7CC0A9A6A685D7A0588B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BF57724B525810F73F92243BC050A351">
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<mods:date id="1D62E61E92C64EE8722772A7C0FE7F4B">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="63D23DFEFF4BBAB493EF562D0613B20A">4175</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E5E90BFF8E233FFF3C98C5FC167244" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6062954" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124996997" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6062954" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E5E90BFF8E233FFF3C98C5FC167244" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E5E90BFF8E233FFF3C98C5FC167244" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="C3560B96FF8E233EFF3C98C5FDF6759C" box="[151,562,1484,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF8E233EFF3C98C5FDF6759C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1484,2015]" box="[151,562,1484,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="D0BBEF71FF8E233EFF3C98C5FDF6759C" bold="true" box="[151,562,1484,1509]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8E233EFF3C98C5FDF6759C" ID-CoL="6JGK7" authority="Mayr, 1870" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,562,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuriventris">
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF8E233EFF3C98C5FDF6759C" bold="true" box="[151,562,1484,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF8E233EFF3C98C5FE61759C" bold="true" box="[151,421,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">Formica obscuriventris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF8E233EFE0098C5FDF6759C" author="Mayr" box="[427,562,1484,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Mayr, G. (1870) Neue Formiciden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 20, 939 - 996." type="journal article" year="1870">Mayr, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3560B96FF8E233EFF6C98F8FAEC7699" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF8E233EFF6C98F8FEF8760C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1484,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">
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<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF8E233EFF6C98F8FEF8760C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316541061" collectionCode="FOCOL" location="Connecticut" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="FOCOL2745" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Connecticut" typeStatus="syntype">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5C7F33FF8E233EFF6C98F8FEF8760C" infered="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8E233EFF6C98F8FCE87671" ID-CoL="6JGK7" authority="Mayr, 1870: 951" authorityName="Mayr" authorityPageNumber="951" authorityYear="1870" box="[199,812,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="truncicola" subSpecies="obscuriventris">
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF8E233EFF6C98F8FD917671" box="[199,597,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">Formica truncicola obscuriventris</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AED7E0CFF8E233EFDC998F8FCE87671" author="Mayr" box="[610,812,1519,1545]" page="951" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" year="1870">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF8E233EFDC998F8FD2A7671" author="Mayr" box="[610,750,1520,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Mayr, G. (1870) Neue Formiciden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 20, 939 - 996." type="journal article" year="1870">Mayr, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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: 951
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="54F7E6BFFF8E233EFC9698F9FC5D7671" box="[829,921,1520,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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workers,
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<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8E233EFBBE98E6FB587671" box="[1045,1180,1519,1544]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
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(specific locality not given) (Norton) (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna; Berlin Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt- Universität) [https://www.antweb.org/specimen/ CASENT0915637, https://www.antweb.org/specimen/
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<specimenCode id="DBEAF066FF8E233EFF3C9B55FEF5760C" box="[151,305,1628,1653]" collectionCode="FOCOL" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">
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<collectionCode id="ED5DC0D8FF8E233EFF3C9B55FF3D760C" box="[151,249,1628,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">FOCOL</collectionCode>
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2745
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</specimenCode>
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].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF8E233EFF6C9B88FAEC7699" blockId="6.[151,1436,1484,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">
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<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF8E233EFF6C9B88FAEC7699" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316541048" collectingDate="1934-07-08" collectingDateMax="1934-07-12" collectingDateMin="1934-07-08" collectorName="W. S. Creighton & American Museum & Natural History & Field Museum" latitude="48.55" location="Glacier National Park" longLatPrecision="1109" longitude="-113.98333" municipality="Fish Creek Ranger Station" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Montana" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5C7F33FF8E233EFF6C9B88FAEC7699" infered="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8E233EFF6C9B88FD4C76E1" authority="Creighton, 1940: 8" authorityName="Creighton" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1940" box="[199,648,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufa" subSpecies="clivia">
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF8E233EFF6C9B88FE6276E1" box="[199,422,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">Formica rufa clivia</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AED7E0CFF8E233EFE049B76FD4C76E1" author="Creighton" box="[431,648,1663,1688]" page="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" year="1940">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF8E233EFE049B76FDAF76E1" author="Creighton" box="[431,619,1663,1688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Creighton, W. S. (1940) A revision of the North American variants of the ant Formica rufa. American Museum Novitates, 1055, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1940">Creighton, 1940</bibRefCitation>
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: 8
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54F7E6BFFF8E233EFD3D9B76FD3A76E1" box="[662,766,1663,1688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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and
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||
<typeStatus id="54F7E6BFFF8E233EFC939B89FC5C76E1" box="[824,920,1664,1688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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workers,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B97C267FF8E233EFBA79B76FAF976E1" box="[1036,1341,1663,1688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">Fish Creek Ranger Station</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="8E930EC6FF8E233EFAE19B76FEF276C4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E5E90BFF8E233FFF3C98C5FC167244:8E930EC6FF8E233EFAE19B76FEF276C4" latitude="48.55" longLatPrecision="1109" longitude="-113.98333" municipality="Fish Creek Ranger Station" name="Glacier National Park" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Montana">Glacier National Park</location>
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[
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<geoCoordinate id="EE783EDAFF8E233EFEED9BADFE6276C4" box="[326,422,1700,1725]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="48.55">48°33′N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE783EDAFF8E233EFE1A9BADFDE376C4" box="[433,551,1700,1725]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" precision="925" value="-113.98333">113°59′W</geoCoordinate>
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],
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<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8E233EFD979BACFD6676C5" box="[572,674,1701,1724]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">Montana</collectingRegion>
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,
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||
<date id="FFF27EDDFF8E233EFD1A9BADFCA476C5" box="[689,864,1700,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" value="1934-07-08" valueMax="1934-07-12" valueMin="1934-07-08">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFB68735FF8E233EFD1A9BADFCA476C5" box="[689,864,1700,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" value="1934-07-08" valueMax="1934-07-12" valueMin="1934-07-08">8-12 July 1934</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
(
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||
<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF8E233EFCD89BADFBE276C4" box="[883,1062,1700,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">W.S. Creighton</collectorName>
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||
) (
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF8E233EFB949BADFAD876C5" box="[1087,1308,1700,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">American Museum</collectorName>
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||
of
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF8E233EFAE39BADFF287699" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">Natural History</collectorName>
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||
,
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF8E233EFF5C9BCEFE5D76A6" box="[247,409,1735,1760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">Field Museum</collectorName>
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||
of
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||
<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF8E233EFE149BCEFDB47699" box="[447,624,1735,1760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">Natural History</collectorName>
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) [https://www.antweb.org/specimen/FMNHINS0000062712].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3560B96FF8E233FFF6C9BE4FEFB718C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF8E233EFF6C9BE4FBFF77C2" blockId="6.[151,1436,1484,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">
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To say that North American ants of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8E233EFDD59BE4FCD0777D" box="[638,788,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF8E233EFDD59BE4FCD0777D" box="[638,788,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">Formica rufa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group have had a troubled taxonomic history is to indulge in a talent for understatement. In the late 19th and early 20th century, numerous names were generated by early taxonomists, with little reference to ecology, distributional data, comparative context, or sense. To be fair, most of these early workers were dealing with very limited material.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF8E233EFC669A53FB49770A" author="Creighton" box="[973,1165,1882,1907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Creighton, W. S. (1940) A revision of the North American variants of the ant Formica rufa. American Museum Novitates, 1055, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1940">Creighton (1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF8E233EFB379A53FB11770A" author="Creighton" box="[1180,1237,1882,1907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Creighton, W. S. (1950) The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 104, 1 - 585." type="journal article" year="1950">1950</bibRefCitation>
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||
) was the first to attempt to make sense of the resulting hodgepodge of names. Since then, some infraspecfiic taxa have proven to be valid species, others have been synonymized, but a few problematic names remain.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF8E233FFF6C9AC1FEFB718C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1484,2015]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8E233EFF6C9AC1FEA977A6" box="[199,365,1990,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clivia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8E233EFF6C9AC1FEA977A6" box="[199,365,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">Formica clivia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
was described as a subspecies of
|
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF8E233EFD469AC1FCF177A6" box="[749,821,1991,2015]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">F. r u f a</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF8E233EFCEC9ACFFBC577A6" author="Creighton" box="[839,1025,1990,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" refString="Creighton, W. S. (1940) A revision of the North American variants of the ant Formica rufa. American Museum Novitates, 1055, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1940">Creighton, 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8E233EFB749AC1FA5877A6" box="[1247,1436,1990,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8E233EFB749AC1FA5877A6" box="[1247,1436,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="16">F. obscuriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF8F233FFF169D9EFE4070C9" author="Creighton" box="[189,388,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" refString="Creighton, W. S. (1950) The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 104, 1 - 585." type="journal article" year="1950">Creighton (1950)</bibRefCitation>
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||
. Creighton delimited the subspecies based on color and pilosity and claimed distributional support:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8F233FFF519DB4FE7270AC" box="[250,438,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuriventris">
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||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8F233FFF519DB4FE7270AC" box="[250,438,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">F. obscuriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
being primarily eastern, with a few high altitude populations in the southern Rockies;
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8F233FFA2C9DB4FF117081" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clivia">
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF8F233FFA2C9DB4FF117081" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">F. clivia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
being primarily western and being present at lower altitudes in the Rockies. An examination of material from over the entire enormous range of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8F233FFDEB9C0CFCC67164" box="[576,770,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8F233FFDEB9C0CFCC67164" box="[576,770,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">F. obscuriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provides little support for Creighton’s scheme.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8F233FFAE39C0CFA587165" box="[1352,1436,261,284]" country="American Samoa" name="Eastern" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">Eastern</collectingRegion>
|
||
populations vary in color, but do not show the deep infuscation present in some western populations. Colonies with heavily infuscated workers occur throughout much of the American west, but the infuscation is variable and colonies with little or no infuscation are not infrequently encountered. Pilosity in this species is notably variable, but it doesn’t seem to co-vary with color as Creighton thought. As such, there is little evidence to justify the maintenance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8F233FFEE29CB0FE6771A9" box="[329,419,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clivia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8F233FFEE29CB0FE6771A9" box="[329,419,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">F. clivia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8F233FFDC39CB0FCE771A9" box="[616,803,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8F233FFDC39CB0FCE771A9" box="[616,803,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">F. obscuriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For these reasons,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8F233FFBAA9CB0FB9F71A9" box="[1025,1115,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clivia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8F233FFBAA9CB0FB9F71A9" box="[1025,1115,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">F. clivia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here synonymized with
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8F233FFA2C9CB0FEFB718C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8F233FFA2C9CB0FEFF718C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuriventris">F. obscuriventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3560B96FF8F233FFF6C9F08FC167244" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF8F233FFF6C9F08FC167244" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF8F233FFF6C9F08FC0A7244" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316541053" country="Canada" location="Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, South Dakota, Tennessee and Georgia" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, South Dakota, Tennessee and Georgia">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8F233FFF6C9F08FE167261" box="[199,466,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8F233FFF6C9F08FE167261" box="[199,466,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">Formica obscuriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B188DFF8F233FFD3F9CF6FD2C7261" box="[660,744,511,536]" name="Canada" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(all southern provinces) and the United States (north from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8F233FFF3C9F2DFC027244" box="[151,966,548,573]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="17">Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, South Dakota, Tennessee and Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |