643 lines
91 KiB
XML
643 lines
91 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F6E345CEAB5E76BCBC5FD0CD78BC3569">Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="86B8C7BF87B64FACF8B23227F69D3E5B">Trubovitz, Sarah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C1CAFD73222191C6C35F816A290C3C0D">Renaudie, Johan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1F810290C97EF619F3E0531A18E820CD">Lazarus, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0607DB00E86EA3B8D9B3E78EE24F1B2B">Noble, Paula</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BAE10D1865380EF16415FDBCF0A5EED5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="55494C05625F3F95ADEA653A4E586C45">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="047898CA9AA7FD850AAED2FF638FC26F">2022-07-04</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C96F50FFB5FFD075DFE0DFFD8AC2F5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C96F50FFB5FFD075DFE0DFFD8AC2F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C96F50FFB5FFD075DFE0DFFD8AC2F5" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFB5FFDE75DFE0DFFC5EC7BE" box="[151,921,1191,1218]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFB5FFDE75DFE0DFFC5EC7BE" blockId="38.[151,921,1191,1218]" box="[151,921,1191,1218]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<heading id="D097692AFFB5FFDE75DFE0DFFC5EC7BE" bold="true" box="[151,921,1191,1218]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE75DFE0DFFC5EC7BE" bold="true" box="[151,921,1191,1218]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE75A6E0D0FDA5C7BE" ID-CoL="5FMX" ID-ENA="366587" authority="Ehrenberg, 1847" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[238,610,1191,1218]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE75A6E0D0FE4EC7BE" bold="true" box="[238,393,1191,1218]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB5FFDE74D9E0DFFDA5C7BE" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[401,610,1192,1218]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="40 - 60" refId="ref88125" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1847) Uber die mikroskopischen kieselschaligen Polycystinen als machtige Gebirgsmasse von Barbados und uber das Verhaltniss deraus mehr als 300 neuen Arten bestehenden ganz eigenthumlichen Formengruppe jener Felsmasse zu den jetzt lebenden Thieren und zur Kreidebildung Eine neue Anregung zur Erforschung des Erdlebens. Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1847, 40 - 60. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1847">Ehrenberg, 1847</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, emend.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB5FFDE7799E0DFFC5EC7BE" author="O'Connor, B." box="[721,921,1192,1218]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="101 - 128" refId="ref92709" refString="O'Connor, B. (1997) Lower Miocene Radiolaria from the Kopua Point, Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand. Micropaleontology, 43 (2), 101 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1485777" type="journal article" year="1997">O’Connor, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFB5FFDE75DFE09AFD1FC678" box="[151,728,1260,1285]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFB5FFDE75DFE09AFD1FC678" blockId="38.[151,728,1260,1285]" box="[151,728,1260,1285]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE746EE09BFD1FC678" authority="Ehrenberg, 1854 c" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1854" box="[294,728,1260,1284]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="microptera">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE746EE09BFDD9C678" box="[294,542,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lithomelissa microptera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB5FFDE776CE09BFD1FC678" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[548,728,1260,1284]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref88299" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1854 c) Mikrogeologie. Das Erden und Felsen schaffende Wirken des unsichtbar kleinen selbststandigen Lebens auf der Erde. Leopold Voss, Leipzig, 374 pp. [in German]" type="book" year="1854">Ehrenberg, 1854c</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFB5FFDE75DFE145FD14C6C5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFB5FFDE75DFE145FD14C6C5" blockId="38.[151,1437,1330,2041]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE75DFE145FEEEC630" bold="true" box="[151,297,1330,1356]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Description.</emphasis>
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A two-segmented lophophaenid that has an apical spine passing freely through the cephalis. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral spines protrude through the wall of the thorax, not forming ribs. Cephalis is large relative to the thorax, similar in proportion to
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE74B4E10CFD51C6E9" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[508,662,1403,1429]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE74B4E10CFD51C6E9" box="[508,662,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lophophaena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE7786E10CFC90C6E9" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[718,855,1403,1429]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE7786E10CFC90C6E9" box="[718,855,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Peromelissa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but proportionally larger than it is in
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE7041E10CFA52C6E9" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[1289,1429,1403,1429]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE7041E10CFA52C6E9" box="[1289,1429,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ceratocyrtis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Thorax typically does not have a clear termination.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFB5FFD0758FE1B4FD8AC2F5" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFB5FFDE758FE1B4FA5BC484" blockId="38.[151,1437,1330,2041]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE758FE1B4FEFCC6A1" bold="true" box="[199,315,1475,1501]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE740BE1B4FE15C6A1" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[323,466,1475,1501]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE740BE1B4FE15C6A1" box="[323,466,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was first described rather vaguely, as a test with a single stricture, neither end lobate, and lateral wing-like spines (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB5FFDE749CE190FD55C57D" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[468,658,1511,1537]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="40 - 60" refId="ref88125" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1847) Uber die mikroskopischen kieselschaligen Polycystinen als machtige Gebirgsmasse von Barbados und uber das Verhaltniss deraus mehr als 300 neuen Arten bestehenden ganz eigenthumlichen Formengruppe jener Felsmasse zu den jetzt lebenden Thieren und zur Kreidebildung Eine neue Anregung zur Erforschung des Erdlebens. Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1847, 40 - 60. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1847">Ehrenberg, 1847</bibRefCitation>
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). This description could fit the majority of lophophaenid taxa. Initially, no species were described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB5FFDE74ACE27CFD64C559" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[484,675,1547,1573]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="40 - 60" refId="ref88125" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1847) Uber die mikroskopischen kieselschaligen Polycystinen als machtige Gebirgsmasse von Barbados und uber das Verhaltniss deraus mehr als 300 neuen Arten bestehenden ganz eigenthumlichen Formengruppe jener Felsmasse zu den jetzt lebenden Thieren und zur Kreidebildung Eine neue Anregung zur Erforschung des Erdlebens. Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1847, 40 - 60. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1847">Ehrenberg (1847</bibRefCitation>
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a), and no
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<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFB5FFDE765EE27CFC81C559" box="[790,838,1547,1573]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">type</typeStatus>
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species was designated for this genus. Thus, over the years there has been much confusion and disagreement in the literature regarding the definition of
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE704EE258FA52C535" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[1286,1429,1583,1609]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE704EE258FA52C535" box="[1286,1429,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB5FFDE75DFE224FEF8C511" author="Haeckel, E." box="[151,319,1619,1645]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref89441" refString="Haeckel, E. (1881) Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien (Basis for a radiolarian classification from the study of Radiolaria of the Challenger collection). Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft, 15, 418 - 472 [in German]" type="journal article" year="1881">Haeckel (1881</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB5FFDE7404E224FE42C511" author="Haeckel, E." box="[332,389,1619,1645]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">1887</bibRefCitation>
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) understood a very broad concept of
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE767AE224FC06C511" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[818,961,1619,1645]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE767AE224FC06C511" box="[818,961,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and split the genus into three subgenera:
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE75DFE200FEE7C5ED" box="[151,288,1655,1681]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Acromelissa">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE75DFE200FEE7C5ED" box="[151,288,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Acromelissa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(with one horn),
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE74BDE200FD4BC5ED" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[501,652,1655,1681]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Micromelissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE74BDE200FD4BC5ED" box="[501,652,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Micromelissa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(with two horns), and
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE76EAE200FBF3C5ED" box="[930,1076,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Sethomelissa</emphasis>
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(with three or more horns). It appears that the species Haeckel placed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE773CE2ECFD3AC5C9" box="[628,765,1691,1717]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Acromelissa">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE773CE2ECFD3AC5C9" box="[628,765,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Acromelissa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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would best fit the modern usage of
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE71C7E2ECFAD9C5C9" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[1167,1310,1691,1717]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE71C7E2ECFAD9C5C9" box="[1167,1310,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(i.e., sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB5FFDE75DFE2C8FE49C5A5" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[151,398,1726,1753]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref93509" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1975) Cenozoic radiolarians of the Antarctic, Leg 29, DSDP. In: Kennet, J. P., Houtz, R. E., Andrews, P. B., Edwards, A. R., Gostin, V. A., Hajos, M., Hampton, M. A., Jenkins, D. G., Margolis, S. V., Ovenshine, A. T. & Perch- Nielsen, K., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 29. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 541 - 675. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 29.114.1975" type="book" year="1975">Petrushevskaya, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB5FFDE7480E2C8FD45C5A5" author="O'Connor, B." box="[456,642,1727,1753]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="101 - 128" refId="ref92709" refString="O'Connor, B. (1997) Lower Miocene Radiolaria from the Kopua Point, Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand. Micropaleontology, 43 (2), 101 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1485777" type="journal article" year="1997">O’Connor, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but as many of Haeckel’s species were not illustrated, it is difficult to be certain of this. Several of the lithomelissids Haeckel assigned to subgenera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE7171E294FB17C581" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1081,1232,1763,1789]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Micromelissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE7171E294FB17C581" box="[1081,1232,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Micromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE7042E294FA5BC581" box="[1290,1436,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Sethomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
have since been reassigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE74A7E370FD4EC45D" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[495,649,1799,1825]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE74A7E370FD4EC45D" box="[495,649,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lophophaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE7784E370FCACC45D" authorityName="Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[716,875,1799,1825]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="decacantha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE7784E370FCACC45D" box="[716,875,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">L. decacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE76ECE370FBF7C45D" authorityName="Haeckel, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[932,1072,1799,1825]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="buetschlii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE76ECE370FBF7C45D" box="[932,1072,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">L. buetschlii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB5FFDE7100E370FB3FC45D" author="Butschli, O." box="[1096,1272,1799,1825]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="485 - 540" refId="ref86365" refString="Butschli, O. (1882) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Radiolarienskelette, insbesondere der Cyrtida (Contributions to the knowledge of the radiolarian skeletons, especially the Cyrtida). Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 36, 485 - 540. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1882">Bütschli (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described and illustrated several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE749EE35CFDA2C439" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[470,613,1835,1861]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE749EE35CFDA2C439" box="[470,613,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(figs. 21–26), with all except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE769FE35CFB0EC439" box="[983,1225,1835,1861]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="haeckeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE769FE35CFB0EC439" box="[983,1225,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lithomelissa haeckeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibiting a single apical horn passing freely through the cephalis (similar to those in Haeckel’s subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE71C1E338FAD5C415" box="[1161,1298,1871,1897]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Acromelissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE71C1E338FAD5C415" box="[1161,1298,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Acromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB5FFDE7065E338FF1CC4F1" author="Jorgensen, E." pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="51 - 112" refId="ref90418" refString="Jorgensen, E. (1900) Protophyten und Protozoen in Plankton aus der norwegischen Westku ¨ ste. Bergens Museums Aarbog, 6, 51 - 112. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1900">Jørgensen (1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB5FFDE75AEE305FED8C4F1" author="Jorgensen, E." box="[230,287,1906,1933]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="114 - 141" refId="ref90366" refString="Jorgensen, E. (1905) The protist plankton and the diatoms in bottom samples. VII. Radiolaria. In: Nordgaard, O. (Ed.), Hydrographical and Biological investigations in Norwegian Fiords. Bergen Museum Skrifter, Bergen, pp. 114 - 141." type="book chapter" year="1905">1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was also among the first to describe and illustrate the internal skeletal characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE704EE304FA52C4F1" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[1286,1429,1907,1933]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE704EE304FA52C4F1" box="[1286,1429,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. But, confusingly, he abbreviated the dorsal spine as “A” and apical spine as “D,” and indicated that the apical spine runs along the side of the cephalis, rather than passing freely through it. This was certainly true of some species assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE743CE3A8FDC4C485" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[372,515,2015,2041]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE743CE3A8FDC4C485" box="[372,515,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at that time (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE7782E3A8FBE7C485" authority="Jorgensen" authorityName="Jorgensen" authorityYear="1900" baseAuthorityName="Cleve" box="[714,1056,2015,2041]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE7782E3A8FC60C484" box="[714,935,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lithomelissa setosa</emphasis>
|
||
Jørgensen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB5FFDE7164E3A8FA51C485" authority="Haeckel" authorityName="Haeckel, Boltovskoy and Riedel" authorityYear="1987" box="[1068,1430,2015,2041]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="thoracites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB5FFDE7164E3A8FAF5C485" box="[1068,1330,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lithomelissa thoracites</emphasis>
|
||
Haeckel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFB4FFDF75DFE4E0FE0EC23D" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF75DFE4E0FE3AC3CD" authority="Haeckel" authorityName="Haeckel, Renz" authorityYear="1976" box="[151,509,151,177]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="buetschlii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF75DFE4E0FE5FC3CD" box="[151,408,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa buetschlii</emphasis>
|
||
Haeckel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but did not represent many others, which have a free apical spine (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7045E4E0FEB0C3A9" authority="Butschli" authorityName="Butschli" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7045E4E0FED7C3A9" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
Bütschli
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF74CAE4CCFD7BC3A9" authority="Butschli" authorityName="Butschli. A" authorityYear="1882" box="[386,700,187,213]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="mitra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF74CAE4CCFD92C3A8" box="[386,597,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa mitra</emphasis>
|
||
Bütschli
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the species that would later be designated the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFB4FFDF71BEE4CCFAE1C3A9" box="[1270,1318,187,213]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7458E4A8FD58C385" authority="Ehrenberg" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1854" box="[272,671,223,249]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="microptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7458E4A8FDE6C384" box="[272,545,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa microptera</emphasis>
|
||
Ehrenberg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF77FCE4A8FCACC385" author="Schroder, O." box="[692,875,223,249]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref95149" refString="Schroder, O. (1914) Die nordischen Nassellarian. In: Brandt, K. & Apstein, C. (Eds.), Nordisches Plankton. Vol. 17. Verlag von Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel und Leipzig, pp. 67 - 146. [in German]" type="book" year="1914">Schröder (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reproduced Jørgensen’s illustrations and accepted his concept of the genus. Thus, by the early 1900s, there were at least two conflicting concepts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7196E574FAAAC261" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[1246,1389,259,285]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7196E574FAAAC261" box="[1246,1389,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and no designated
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFB4FFDF7471E550FEAEC23D" box="[313,361,295,321]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFB4FFDF758FE53CFC71C1D5" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF758FE53CFE40C219" author="Campbell, A. S." box="[199,391,330,357]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref86440" refString="Campbell, A. S. (1954) Radiolaria. In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. 3. Part D, Protista. Geological Society of America, University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 11 - 195." type="book" year="1954">Campbell (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFB4FFDF7773E53CFDACC219" box="[571,619,331,357]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF77A5E53CFB64C219" authority="Ehrenberg, 1854 b" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1854" box="[749,1187,330,357]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="tartari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF77A5E53CFC09C218" box="[749,974,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa tartari</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF769FE53CFB64C219" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[983,1187,330,357]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="236 - 250" refId="ref88252" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1854 b) Systematische Charakteristik der neuen mikroskopischen Organismen des tiefen atlantischen Oceans. Bericht uber die zu Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglichen Preufs Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1854, 236 - 250. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1854">Ehrenberg, 1854b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although this species had never been illustrated and was thus not a practical choice.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7628E518FBD0C2F5" author="Foreman, H. P." box="[864,1047,367,393]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref88566" refString="Foreman, H. P. (1968) Upper Maestrichtian Radiolaria of California. Palaeontological Association Special Papers, 3, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1968">Foreman (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
remarked that any species assignments to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF75B5E5E4FE4BC2D1" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[253,396,403,429]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF75B5E5E4FE4BC2D1" box="[253,396,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are “doubtful” due to the “inadequacy of the description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFB4FFDF7107E5E4FBB8C2D1" box="[1103,1151,403,429]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.” For this reason,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF75DFE5C0FE51C2AD" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[151,406,439,465]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFB4FFDF7771E5C0FDAEC2AD" box="[569,617,439,465]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species be considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF762FE5C0FA83C2AD" authority="Ehrenberg, 1854 c" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1854" box="[871,1348,438,465]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="microptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF762FE5C0FBB0C2AC" box="[871,1143,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa microptera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7136E5C0FA83C2AD" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[1150,1348,438,465]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref88299" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1854 c) Mikrogeologie. Das Erden und Felsen schaffende Wirken des unsichtbar kleinen selbststandigen Lebens auf der Erde. Leopold Voss, Leipzig, 374 pp. [in German]" type="book" year="1854">Ehrenberg, 1854c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by subsequent monotypy, as it had been adequately illustrated. However, unlike her predecessors,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF71D4E5ACFA5BC289" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[1180,1436,475,501]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7419E588FE27C165" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[337,480,511,537]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7419E588FE27C165" box="[337,480,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF776BE588FD26C165" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[547,737,511,537]" family="Lophophaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="family">Lophophaenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, due to the apical horn passing through the cephalis rather than running along the side. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF74A2E654FD2DC141" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[490,746,547,573]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref93714" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1981) Guides on Fauna USSR. Vol. 128. Radiolarians of the order Nassellaria in the world oceans. Zoological Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, 406 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1981">Petrushevskaya (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF76A4E654FB46C141" box="[1004,1153,547,573]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dimelissinae">Dimelissinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7045E654FA5BC141" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[1293,1436,547,573]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7045E654FA5BC141" box="[1293,1436,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into this group. To our knowledge, all other subsequent authors have considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF715AE630FB66C11D" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[1042,1185,583,609]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF715AE630FB66C11D" box="[1042,1185,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF71B7E630FF06C1F9" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" family="Lophophaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="family">Lophophaenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and we are of the same opinion because this genus is very similar to the lophophaenids
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7198E61CFAADC1F9" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[1232,1386,619,645]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7198E61CFAADC1F9" box="[1232,1386,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lophophaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF75DFE6F8FEE7C1D5" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,288,655,681]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF75DFE6F8FEE7C1D5" box="[151,288,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Peromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in every respect other than the position of the apical spine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFB4FFDF758FE6C4FEA3C7DD" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF758FE6C4FE0FC1B1" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[199,456,690,717]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref93509" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1975) Cenozoic radiolarians of the Antarctic, Leg 29, DSDP. In: Kennet, J. P., Houtz, R. E., Andrews, P. B., Edwards, A. R., Gostin, V. A., Hajos, M., Hampton, M. A., Jenkins, D. G., Margolis, S. V., Ovenshine, A. T. & Perch- Nielsen, K., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 29. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 541 - 675. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 29.114.1975" type="book" year="1975">Petrushevskaya (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7727E6C4FD39C1B1" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[623,766,691,717]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7727E6C4FD39C1B1" box="[623,766,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7609E6C4FC0DC1B1" box="[833,970,691,717]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Acromelissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7609E6C4FC0DC1B1" box="[833,970,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Acromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and proposed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF71E5E6C4FE86C18D" authority="Ehrenberg" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1854" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="microptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF71E5E6C4FF03C18C" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa microptera</emphasis>
|
||
Ehrenberg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
be considered the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFB4FFDF775FE6A0FD80C18D" box="[535,583,727,753]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7781E6A0FC95C18D" box="[713,850,727,753]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Acromelissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7781E6A0FC95C18D" box="[713,850,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Acromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Haeckel, and that the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF71DFE6A0FAE1C18D" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[1175,1318,727,753]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF71DFE6A0FAE1C18D" box="[1175,1318,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be discontinued because it does not have a reliable
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFB4FFDF77FDE68CFD22C069" box="[693,741,763,789]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species. However, since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7148E68CFB4EC069" box="[1024,1161,763,789]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Acromelissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7148E68CFB4EC069" box="[1024,1161,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Acromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Haeckel is a junior synonym and subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF74D6E768FD6BC045" authority="Ehrenberg" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[414,684,799,825]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF74D6E768FDEAC045" box="[414,557,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
Ehrenberg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF77F0E768FB81C045" authority="Ehrenberg" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1854" box="[696,1094,799,825]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="microptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF77F0E768FC0DC044" box="[696,970,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa microptera</emphasis>
|
||
Ehrenberg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should actually be considered the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFB4FFDF7589E734FF36C021" box="[193,241,835,861]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7427E734FDBBC021" authority="Ehrenberg" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[367,636,835,861]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7427E734FE39C021" box="[367,510,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
Ehrenberg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF77FFE734FC87C021" box="[695,832,835,861]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="39" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Acromelissa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF77FFE734FC87C021" box="[695,832,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Acromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Haeckel should not be used.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF71C2E734FECCC0FD" authority="Ehrenberg" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1854" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="microptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF71C2E734FA5BC020" box="[1162,1436,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa microptera</emphasis>
|
||
Ehrenberg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was finally formally designated as the new
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFB4FFDF77BDE710FCE2C0FD" box="[757,805,871,897]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF76E9E710FBF7C0FD" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[929,1072,871,897]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF76E9E710FBF7C0FD" box="[929,1072,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7112E710FF23C0D9" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G. & Kozlova, G. E." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="86 - 157" refId="ref93996" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. & Kozlova, G. E. (1979) Description of the radiolarian genera and species. In: Sterlkov, A. A. & Petrushevskaya, M. G. (Eds.), Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas. Vol. 23 (31). The history of the microplankton of the Norwegian Sea (on the deep sea drilling materials). Zoological Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, pp. 86 - 157." type="book chapter" year="1979">Petrushevskaya and Kozlova (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and adopted in most subsequent literature (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF765EE7FCFBCAC0D9" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[790,1037,907,933]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref93714" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1981) Guides on Fauna USSR. Vol. 128. Radiolarians of the order Nassellaria in the world oceans. Zoological Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, 406 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1981">Petrushevskaya, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7153E7FCFB10C0D9" author="O'Connor, B." box="[1051,1239,907,933]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="101 - 128" refId="ref92709" refString="O'Connor, B. (1997) Lower Miocene Radiolaria from the Kopua Point, Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand. Micropaleontology, 43 (2), 101 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1485777" type="journal article" year="1997">O’Connor, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but not all (i.e.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF75DFE7D8FE90C0B5" author="Nishimura, H." box="[151,343,943,969]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="69 - 172" refId="ref92633" refString="Nishimura, H. (1990) Taxonomic study on Cenozoic Nassellaria (Radiolaria). Science Reports of the Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Section B: Geological Sciences, 11, 69 - 172." type="journal article" year="1990">Nishimura, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In her emendation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7711E7D8FC7AC0B5" authority=", Nishimura (1990)" authorityName=", Nishimura" authorityYear="1990" box="[601,957,943,969]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7711E7D8FD28C0B5" box="[601,751,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF77BDE7D8FC7AC0B5" author="Nishimura, H." box="[757,957,943,969]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="69 - 172" refId="ref92633" refString="Nishimura, H. (1990) Taxonomic study on Cenozoic Nassellaria (Radiolaria). Science Reports of the Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Section B: Geological Sciences, 11, 69 - 172." type="journal article" year="1990">Nishimura (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
considered the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFB4FFDF7124E7D8FB5BC0B5" box="[1132,1180,943,969]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF707FE7D8FE36C091" authority="Ehrenberg, 1854 b" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1854" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="tartari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF707FE7D8FEDBC090" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa tartari</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF746CE7A4FE36C091" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[292,497,978,1005]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="236 - 250" refId="ref88252" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1854 b) Systematische Charakteristik der neuen mikroskopischen Organismen des tiefen atlantischen Oceans. Bericht uber die zu Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglichen Preufs Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1854, 236 - 250. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1854">Ehrenberg, 1854b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and did not mention
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF77A2E7A4FC23C091" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[746,996,979,1005]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF76B9E7A4FBEAC091" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[1009,1069,979,1005]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref93714" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1981) Guides on Fauna USSR. Vol. 128. Radiolarians of the order Nassellaria in the world oceans. Zoological Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, 406 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7109E7A4FAC1C091" author="O'Connor, B." box="[1089,1286,979,1005]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="101 - 128" refId="ref92709" refString="O'Connor, B. (1997) Lower Miocene Radiolaria from the Kopua Point, Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand. Micropaleontology, 43 (2), 101 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1485777" type="journal article" year="1997">O’Connor (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided the most recent and comprehensive revision of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF77C8E780FCD1C76D" box="[640,790,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF77C8E780FCD5C76D" authorityName=", Nishimura" authorityYear="1990" box="[640,786,1015,1041]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Lithomelissa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which considers the emendations of both
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF71A6E780FF25C749" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7451E06CFE22C749" author="Nishimura, H." box="[281,485,1051,1077]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="69 - 172" refId="ref92633" refString="Nishimura, H. (1990) Taxonomic study on Cenozoic Nassellaria (Radiolaria). Science Reports of the Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Section B: Geological Sciences, 11, 69 - 172." type="journal article" year="1990">Nishimura (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This is the definition we follow here.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF76D1E06CFB9AC749" author="O'Connor, B." box="[921,1117,1051,1077]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="101 - 128" refId="ref92709" refString="O'Connor, B. (1997) Lower Miocene Radiolaria from the Kopua Point, Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand. Micropaleontology, 43 (2), 101 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1485777" type="journal article" year="1997">O’Connor (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that species lacking secondary left and right lateral bars, and with an apical spine not free within the cephalis should not be considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7598E014FE98C701" authorityName=", Nishimura" authorityYear="1990" box="[208,351,1123,1149]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7598E014FE98C701" box="[208,351,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and should likely be reassigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF77B2E014FC53C701" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[762,916,1123,1149]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF77B2E014FC53C701" box="[762,916,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lophophaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including several open nomenclature taxa in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF75DFE0F0FE90C7DD" author="Nishimura, H." box="[151,343,1159,1185]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="69 - 172" refId="ref92633" refString="Nishimura, H. (1990) Taxonomic study on Cenozoic Nassellaria (Radiolaria). Science Reports of the Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Section B: Geological Sciences, 11, 69 - 172." type="journal article" year="1990">Nishimura, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFB4FFDF758FE0DCFA5BC4A1" blockId="39.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Here we observed the following species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF77EBE0DCFCF5C7B9" authorityName=", Nishimura" authorityYear="1990" box="[675,818,1195,1221]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF77EBE0DCFCF5C7B9" box="[675,818,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7677E0DCFBF4C7B9" box="[831,1075,1195,1221]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="alkonost" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7677E0DCFBF4C7B9" box="[831,1075,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa alkonost</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFB4FFDF7171E0DCFBB2C7B9" box="[1081,1141,1195,1221]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF71C8E0DCFA92C7B9" box="[1152,1365,1195,1221]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="babai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF71C8E0DCFA92C7B9" box="[1152,1365,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa babai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFB4FFDF7013E0DCFA50C7B9" box="[1371,1431,1195,1221]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF75DFE0B8FD25C795" authority="Renaudie and Lazarus, 2015" authorityName="Renaudie and Lazarus" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,738,1230,1257]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="celsagula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF75DFE0B8FE5FC795" box="[151,408,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa celsagula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF74E8E0B8FD25C795" author="Renaudie, J. & Lazarus, D. B." box="[416,738,1230,1257]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="181 - 209" refId="ref94366" refString="Renaudie, J. & Lazarus, D. B. (2015) New species of Neogene radiolarians from the Southern Ocean - part III. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 34 (2), 181 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / jmpaleo 2013 - 034" type="journal article" year="2015">Renaudie and Lazarus, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF77A5E0B8FB90C795" authority="Caulet, 1991" authorityName="Caulet" authorityYear="1991" box="[749,1111,1231,1257]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="cheni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF77A5E0B8FC07C795" box="[749,960,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa cheni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF768EE0B8FB90C795" author="Caulet, J. P." box="[966,1111,1231,1257]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="119" refId="ref86884" refString="Caulet, J. P. (1991) Radiolarians from the Kerguelen Plateau, Leg 119. In: Barron, J., Larsen, B., Baldauf, J., Alibert, C., Berkowitz, S., Caulet, J. P., Chambers, S., Cooper, A., Cranston, R., Dorn, W., Ehrmann, W., Fox, R., Fryxell, G., Hambrey, M., Huber, B., Jenkins, C., Kang, S. H., Keating, B., Mehl, K., Noh, I., Ollier, G., Pittenger, A., Sakai, H., Schroder, C., Solheim, A., Stockwell, D., Thierstein, H., Tocher, B., Turner, B. & Wei, W. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. Vol. 119. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 513 - 546. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / odp. proc. sr. 119.137.1991" type="book chapter" year="1991">Caulet, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF712BE0B8FA94C795" box="[1123,1363,1231,1257]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="dybbuki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF712BE0B8FA94C795" box="[1123,1363,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa dybbuki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFB4FFDF7011E0B8FA50C795" box="[1369,1431,1231,1257]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF75DFE084FD90C671" authority="Butschli, 1882" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,599,1267,1293]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF75DFE084FE6FC671" box="[151,424,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF74F8E084FD90C671" author="Butschli, O." box="[432,599,1267,1293]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="485 - 540" refId="ref86365" refString="Butschli, O. (1882) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Radiolarienskelette, insbesondere der Cyrtida (Contributions to the knowledge of the radiolarian skeletons, especially the Cyrtida). Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 36, 485 - 540. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1882">Bütschli, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF772CE084FC20C671" authority="Butschli, 1882" authorityName="Butschli. A" authorityYear="1882" box="[612,999,1267,1293]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="mitra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF772CE084FCFFC670" box="[612,824,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa mitra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7608E084FC20C671" author="Butschli, O." box="[832,999,1267,1293]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="485 - 540" refId="ref86365" refString="Butschli, O. (1882) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Radiolarienskelette, insbesondere der Cyrtida (Contributions to the knowledge of the radiolarian skeletons, especially the Cyrtida). Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 36, 485 - 540. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1882">Bütschli, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF716CE084FB28C670" box="[1060,1263,1267,1293]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="sirin" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF716CE084FB28C670" box="[1060,1263,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa sirin</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFB4FFDF71BFE084FAF2C671" box="[1271,1333,1267,1293]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Here we do not include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF740BE160FD29C64D" authority="Popofsky, 1908" authorityName="Popofsky" authorityYear="1908" box="[323,750,1303,1329]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="capitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF740BE160FDF1C64C" box="[323,566,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa capitata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7776E160FD29C64D" author="Popofsky, A." box="[574,750,1303,1329]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="185 - 305" refId="ref94137" refString="Popofsky, A. (1908) Die Radiolarien der Antarktis (mit Ausnahme der Tripyleen). Deutsche Su ¨ dpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, Zoologie, 10, 185 - 305. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1908">Popofsky, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because it was transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF710BE160FB05C64D" authorityName="Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1967" box="[1091,1218,1303,1329]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Antarctissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF710BE160FB05C64D" box="[1091,1218,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Antarctissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF71A6E160FF21C629" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref93509" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1975) Cenozoic radiolarians of the Antarctic, Leg 29, DSDP. In: Kennet, J. P., Houtz, R. E., Andrews, P. B., Edwards, A. R., Gostin, V. A., Hajos, M., Hampton, M. A., Jenkins, D. G., Margolis, S. V., Ovenshine, A. T. & Perch- Nielsen, K., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 29. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 541 - 675. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 29.114.1975" type="book" year="1975">Petrushevskaya (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF75BAE14CFD7EC629" authority="Popofsky, 1908" authorityName="Popofsky" authorityYear="1908" box="[242,697,1339,1365]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="jorgenseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF75BAE14CFE38C628" box="[242,511,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa jorgenseni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7741E14CFD7EC629" author="Popofsky, A." box="[521,697,1339,1365]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="185 - 305" refId="ref94137" refString="Popofsky, A. (1908) Die Radiolarien der Antarktis (mit Ausnahme der Tripyleen). Deutsche Su ¨ dpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, Zoologie, 10, 185 - 305. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1908">Popofsky, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is excluded here because the apical spine runs along the side of the cephalis and thus does not meet the criteria for the modern usage of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7689E128FB9FC605" box="[961,1112,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7689E128FB93C605" authorityName=", Nishimura" authorityYear="1990" box="[961,1108,1375,1401]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Lithomelissa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
We suspect this species may fit best in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7441E1F4FE4EC6E0" authorityName=", Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[265,393,1411,1436]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Botryopera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7441E1F4FE4EC6E0" box="[265,393,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Botryopera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
given its similarities to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF77D0E1F4FAC2C6E1" authority="(Jorgensen, 1900) Kruglikova, 1989" authorityName="Kruglikova" authorityYear="1989" baseAuthorityName="Jorgensen" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[664,1285,1411,1437]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Botryopera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF77D0E1F4FCA2C6E0" box="[664,869,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Botryopera setosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF763CE1F4FBEBC6E1" author="Jorgensen, E." box="[884,1068,1411,1437]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="51 - 112" refId="ref90418" refString="Jorgensen, E. (1900) Protophyten und Protozoen in Plankton aus der norwegischen Westku ¨ ste. Bergens Museums Aarbog, 6, 51 - 112. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1900">Jørgensen, 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7174E1F4FAC2C6E1" author="Kruglikova, S. B." box="[1084,1285,1411,1437]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="461 - 479" refId="ref90809" refString="Kruglikova, S. B. (1989) Arctic Ocean Radiolarians. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas: climatology, oceanography, geology and biology. Springer, Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 461 - 479. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 19" type="book chapter" year="1989">Kruglikova, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but as it was not observed during this study we do not attempt to make a formal transfer here. Upon examination of the author’s illustrations,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7463E1BCFD6AC699" authority="Kozlova, 1999" authorityName="Kozlova" authorityYear="1999" box="[299,685,1483,1509]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="curta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7463E1BCFE39C698" box="[299,510,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa curta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF774EE1BCFD6AC699" author="Kozlova, G. E." box="[518,685,1483,1509]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref90688" refString="Kozlova, G. E. (1999) Practical Manual on the Microfauna of Russia. Vol. 9. Paleogene Radiolarians of the Boreal Region of Russia. All-Russia Petroleum Exploration Geological Research Institute (VNIGRI), Saint Petersburg, 323 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1999">Kozlova, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be a trissocyclid rather than a lophophaenid, but it has not been officially transferred to our knowledge. We transfer
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7616E198FC2AC575" authorityName=", Nishimura" authorityYear="1990" box="[862,1005,1519,1545]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7616E198FC2AC575" box="[862,1005,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF714CE198FA5BC575" authority="Renaudie and Lazarus, 2013 a" authorityName="Renaudie and Lazarus" authorityYear="2013" box="[1028,1436,1519,1545]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Pelagomanes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="kozoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF714CE198FBF8C575" box="[1028,1087,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">kozoi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7101E198FA5BC575" author="Renaudie, J. & Lazarus, D. B." box="[1097,1436,1519,1545]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="59 - 86" refId="ref94302" refString="Renaudie, J. & Lazarus, D. B. (2013 a) New species of Neogene radiolarians from the Southern Ocean - part II. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 32 (1), 59 - 86." type="journal article" year="2013">Renaudie and Lazarus, 2013a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF75FEE264FE8AC551" box="[182,333,1555,1581]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Pelagomanes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF75FEE264FE8AC551" box="[182,333,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pelagomanes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFB4FFDF741EE264FE63C551" box="[342,420,1555,1581]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in this manuscript (see below).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF765EE264FB01C551" authority="Jorgensen, 1905" authorityName="Jorgensen" authorityYear="1905" box="[790,1222,1554,1581]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="laticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF765EE264FBC1C551" box="[790,1030,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa laticeps</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7147E264FB01C551" author="Jorgensen, E." box="[1039,1222,1554,1581]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="114 - 141" refId="ref90366" refString="Jorgensen, E. (1905) The protist plankton and the diatoms in bottom samples. VII. Radiolaria. In: Nordgaard, O. (Ed.), Hydrographical and Biological investigations in Norwegian Fiords. Bergen Museum Skrifter, Bergen, pp. 114 - 141." type="book chapter" year="1905">Jørgensen, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF75DFE240FEF6C52D" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,305,1591,1617]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF75DFE240FEF6C52D" box="[151,305,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lophophaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7414E240FD7DC52D" author="Kurihara, T. & Matsuoka, A." box="[348,698,1591,1617]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="83 - 92" refId="ref90877" refString="Kurihara, T. & Matsuoka, A. (2010) Living radiolarian fauna of late autumn (November 13, 2008) in surface-subsurface waters of the Japan Sea off Tassha, Sado Island, central Japan. Scientific Report, Niigata University, Geology, 25, 83 - 92." type="journal article" year="2010">Kurihara and Matsuoka (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and we agree because the apical spine runs alongside the wall of the cephalis is this species, excluding it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF77E8E22CFCE8C509" authorityName=", Nishimura" authorityYear="1990" box="[672,815,1627,1653]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF77E8E22CFCE8C509" box="[672,815,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7676E22CFB13C509" authority="Jorgensen 1900" authorityName="Jorgensen" authorityYear="1900" baseAuthorityName="Cleve" box="[830,1236,1627,1653]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="setosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7676E22CFBDBC508" box="[830,1052,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa setosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF716CE22CFB13C509" author="Jorgensen, E." box="[1060,1236,1627,1653]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="51 - 112" refId="ref90418" refString="Jorgensen, E. (1900) Protophyten und Protozoen in Plankton aus der norwegischen Westku ¨ ste. Bergens Museums Aarbog, 6, 51 - 112. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1900">Jørgensen 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7045E22CFE12C5E5" authority="Popofsky 1908" authorityName="Popofsky" authorityYear="1908" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="brevispicula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7045E22CFEE7C5E5" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa brevispicula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7462E208FE12C5E5" author="Popofsky, A." box="[298,469,1663,1689]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="185 - 305" refId="ref94137" refString="Popofsky, A. (1908) Die Radiolarien der Antarktis (mit Ausnahme der Tripyleen). Deutsche Su ¨ dpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, Zoologie, 10, 185 - 305. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1908">Popofsky 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were both transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF77B3E208FCBCC5E4" authorityName=", Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[763,891,1663,1688]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Botryopera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF77B3E208FCBCC5E4" box="[763,891,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Botryopera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF76E2E208FBADC5E5" author="Kruglikova, S. B." box="[938,1130,1663,1689]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="461 - 479" refId="ref90809" refString="Kruglikova, S. B. (1989) Arctic Ocean Radiolarians. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas: climatology, oceanography, geology and biology. Springer, Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 461 - 479. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 19" type="book chapter" year="1989">Kruglikova 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF71EEE208FA5FC5E5" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[1190,1432,1663,1689]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="185 - 195" refId="ref93823" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1986) Evolution of the Antarctissa group. Marine Micropaleontology, 11, 185 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0377 - 8398 (86) 90013 - 7" type="journal article" year="1986">Petrushevskaya 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, respectively (see above). We transfer
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7707E2D4FBB8C5C1" authority="Tan and Tchang 1976" authorityName="Tan and Tchang" authorityYear="1976" box="[591,1151,1699,1725]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="spinosissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7707E2D4FCBFC5C0" box="[591,888,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa spinosissima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF76CBE2D4FBB8C5C1" author="Tan, Z. & Tchang, T. R." box="[899,1151,1699,1725]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="217 - 310" refId="ref96097" refString="Tan, Z. & Tchang, T. R. (1976) Studies on the Radiolaria of the East China Sea. II. Spumellaria, Nassellaria, Phaeodaria, Sticholonchea. Studia Marina Sinica, 11, 217 - 310. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1976">Tan and Tchang 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF71E3E2D4FA8FC5C1" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1860" box="[1195,1352,1699,1725]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Arachnocorys" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF71E3E2D4FA8FC5C1" box="[1195,1352,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Arachnocorys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the position of the apical spine and nature of the thorax attachment (see above).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF716BE2B0FED4C479" authority="Campbell and Clark 1944" authorityName="Campbell and Clark" authorityYear="1944" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="heros">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF716BE2B0FB30C59D" box="[1059,1271,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa heros</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF71B7E2B0FED4C479" author="Campbell, A. S. & Clark, B. L." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref86498" refString="Campbell, A. S. & Clark, B. L. (1944) Miocene radiolarian faunas from southern California. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 51, 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1944">Campbell and Clark 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was moved to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF74F1E29CFD80C478" authorityName="Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1975" box="[441,583,1771,1796]" class="Polycystina" family="Cannobotryidae" genus="Botryometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF74F1E29CFD80C478" box="[441,583,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Botryometra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7727E29CFC99C479" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[623,862,1770,1797]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref93509" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1975) Cenozoic radiolarians of the Antarctic, Leg 29, DSDP. In: Kennet, J. P., Houtz, R. E., Andrews, P. B., Edwards, A. R., Gostin, V. A., Hajos, M., Hampton, M. A., Jenkins, D. G., Margolis, S. V., Ovenshine, A. T. & Perch- Nielsen, K., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 29. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 541 - 675. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 29.114.1975" type="book" year="1975">Petrushevskaya 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this species is clearly a cannobotryid.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7045E29CFE64C455" authority="Jorgensen, 1905" authorityName="Jorgensen" authorityYear="1905" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="hystrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7045E29CFF24C455" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa hystrix</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF75A4E378FE64C455" author="Jorgensen, E." box="[236,419,1806,1833]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="114 - 141" refId="ref90366" refString="Jorgensen, E. (1905) The protist plankton and the diatoms in bottom samples. VII. Radiolaria. In: Nordgaard, O. (Ed.), Hydrographical and Biological investigations in Norwegian Fiords. Bergen Museum Skrifter, Bergen, pp. 114 - 141." type="book chapter" year="1905">Jørgensen, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF7720E378FC23C455" authority="(Ehrenberg)" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[616,996,1807,1833]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Botryopera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="oceanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF7720E378FC92C454" box="[616,853,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Botryopera oceanica</emphasis>
|
||
(Ehrenberg)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7113E378FA98C455" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[1115,1375,1806,1833]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref93509" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1975) Cenozoic radiolarians of the Antarctic, Leg 29, DSDP. In: Kennet, J. P., Houtz, R. E., Andrews, P. B., Edwards, A. R., Gostin, V. A., Hajos, M., Hampton, M. A., Jenkins, D. G., Margolis, S. V., Ovenshine, A. T. & Perch- Nielsen, K., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 29. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 541 - 675. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 29.114.1975" type="book" year="1975">Petrushevskaya (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as it does not meet the criteria for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF74ADE344FDB3C431" authorityName=", Nishimura" authorityYear="1990" box="[485,628,1843,1869]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF74ADE344FDB3C431" box="[485,628,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF77CBE344FB67C431" authority="Campbell and Clark, 1944" authorityName="Campbell and Clark" authorityYear="1944" box="[643,1184,1843,1869]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF77CBE344FCA8C431" box="[643,879,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa robusta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF763FE344FB67C431" author="Campbell, A. S. & Clark, B. L." box="[887,1184,1843,1869]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref86498" refString="Campbell, A. S. & Clark, B. L. (1944) Miocene radiolarian faunas from southern California. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 51, 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1944">Campbell and Clark, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was transferred to the spumellarian genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF743EE320FE1FC40D" box="[374,472,1879,1905]" class="Polycystina" family="Litheliidae" genus="Lithelius" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF743EE320FE1FC40D" box="[374,472,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithelius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7749E320FD7FC40D" author="Foreman, H. P." box="[513,696,1879,1905]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref88566" refString="Foreman, H. P. (1968) Upper Maestrichtian Radiolaria of California. Palaeontological Association Special Papers, 3, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1968">Foreman (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and appears to be a fragment of a litheliid although details are not clear in the original illustration.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB4FFDF774DE30CFC41C4E9" authority="Stohr 1880" authorityName="Stohr" authorityYear="1880" box="[517,902,1915,1941]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="amphora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF774DE30CFCC5C4E9" box="[517,770,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa amphora</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB4FFDF7642E30CFC41C4E9" author="Stohr, E." box="[778,902,1915,1941]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="71 - 124" refId="ref95275" refString="Stohr, E. (1880) Die Radiolarienfauna der Tripoli von Grotte, Provinz Girgenti in Sicilien. Palaeontographica, 26, 71 - 124. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1880">Stöhr 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clearly a carpocaniid, and so is not included here.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFB4FFDF759EE3E8FE0EC4C5" box="[214,457,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lithomelissa haeckeli</emphasis>
|
||
Bütschli 1882 is not included because the apical spine does not pass freely through the cephalis, and the strong feet are very unusual for lophophaenids in general. O’Connor (1997) suggested that this
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBBFFD075DFE4E0FD1DC219" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
species be considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBBFFD074DFE4E0FDF6C3CD" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[407,561,151,177]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBBFFD074DFE4E0FDF6C3CD" box="[407,561,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lophophaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
instead of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBBFFD077FAE4E0FC86C3CD" authorityName=", Nishimura" authorityYear="1990" box="[690,833,151,177]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBBFFD077FAE4E0FC86C3CD" box="[690,833,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but we do not believe this species belongs in either genus due to the overall shell shape and strong feet. It likely would fit better in a genus such as
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBBFFD071BDE4CCFEEDC385" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBBFFD071BDE4CCFA5FC3A9" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[1269,1432,187,213]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Cladoscenium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Cladoscenium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBBFFD075DFE4A8FEEDC385" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,298,223,249]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Clathromitra" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Clathromitra</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBBFFD07471E4A8FE2EC385" authorityName="Campbell" authorityYear="1951" box="[313,489,223,249]" genus="Corythomelissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBBFFD07471E4A8FE2EC385" box="[313,489,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Corythomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBBFFD0775EE4A8FD68C384" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[534,687,223,248]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Pteroscenium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBBFFD0775EE4A8FD68C384" box="[534,687,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Pteroscenium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it is outside the scope of our study to formally transfer it. We also exclude as
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBBFFD0740FE574FE26C261" box="[327,481,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">nomina dubia</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBBFFD074A7E574FC67C261" authority="Ehrenberg, 1854 b" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1854" box="[495,928,258,285]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="tartari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBBFFD074A7E574FD09C260" box="[495,718,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lithomelissa tartari</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFBBFFD0779DE574FC67C261" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[725,928,258,285]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="236 - 250" refId="ref88252" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1854 b) Systematische Charakteristik der neuen mikroskopischen Organismen des tiefen atlantischen Oceans. Bericht uber die zu Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglichen Preufs Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1854, 236 - 250. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1854">Ehrenberg, 1854b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBBFFD076E2E574FAAEC261" authority="Haeckel, 1887" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[938,1385,259,285]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="pycnoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBBFFD076E2E574FB79C260" box="[938,1214,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lithomelissa pycnoptera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFBBFFD0718DE574FAAEC261" author="Haeckel, E." box="[1221,1385,259,285]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBBFFD075DFE550FDA7C23D" authority="Haeckel, 1887" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[151,608,295,321]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="microstoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBBFFD075DFE550FE75C23C" box="[151,434,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lithomelissa microstoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFBBFFD074F2E550FDA7C23D" author="Haeckel, E." box="[442,608,295,321]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The latter two names so far as we know have never been used in subsequent literature, and may actually be
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBBFFD0777FE53CFD14C219" box="[567,723,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">nomina oblita</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBBFFD0758FE518FD8AC2F5" blockId="40.[151,1437,151,393]" box="[199,589,367,393]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBBFFD0758FE518FEDDC2F5" bold="true" box="[199,282,367,393]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
?Late Cretaceous –Recent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |