264 lines
36 KiB
XML
264 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="F5C86FE78DBB6841B853B25A87889E08" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5160.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10544058" ID-ZooBank="A9179C79-EE43-44E4-8723-919505500049" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1656928390227" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Trubovitz, Sarah, Renaudie, Johan, Lazarus, David & Noble, Paula" docDate="2022" docId="03C96F50FFACFFB875DFE7C0FCF0C219" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5160.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5160 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5160.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Lophophaena rusalkae, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="ABD2BBA6-AD2F-4F87-BFE1-2489F79257E8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="FFF01728FF93FFF87548E477FFC7C37C" masterDocTitle="Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="158" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1705931330204" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="5C814EA46FDA317E0616CED602714BC0">Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="54CB935E7DE69C6C38E6627F97EC792D">Trubovitz, Sarah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DEEB3743E3BE47B4985979F9D6E0AFFA">Renaudie, Johan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8B22ECFDE59851002FA4223B96E6F844">Lazarus, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="734E6707CB9859FC934939489EF5299A">Noble, Paula</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="62F993540537A514384E7A7D5CE9D95A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B958E01B72737A0C2E88B8671D771984">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="706CF3F8A5A5172E4C6B77D985FF7E0F">2022-07-04</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C96F50FFACFFB875DFE7C0FCF0C219" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ABD2BBA6-AD2F-4F87-BFE1-2489F79257E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C96F50FFACFFB875DFE7C0FCF0C219" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFACFFC775DFE7C0FE28C0AE" box="[151,495,951,978]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFACFFC775DFE7C0FE28C0AE" blockId="63.[151,495,951,1014]" box="[151,495,951,978]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFACFFC775DFE7C0FE62C0AD" authority="Trubovitz, Renaudie, Lazarus & Noble, 2022" box="[151,421,951,977]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="rusalkae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC775DFE7C0FE62C0AD" box="[151,421,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Lophophaena rusalkae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC774E4E7CFFE28C0AE" bold="true" box="[428,495,952,978]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFACFFC774E4E7CFFE28C0AE" box="[428,495,952,978]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFACFFC775DFE7ACFC43C744" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFACFFC775DFE7ACFE43C089" blockId="63.[151,495,951,1014]" box="[151,388,987,1014]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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Plate 29,
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<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFACFFC77448E7ACFEA7C089" box="[256,352,987,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544060/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
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–
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<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFACFFC77439E7ACFE47C089" box="[369,384,987,1013]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1463,1487]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,737,1439]" captionTargetId="figure-139@15.[151,1436,736,1440]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorallium calvata (Haeckel, 1887) Petrushevskaya, 1971." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544070/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">6</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFACFFC775DFE057FC43C744" blockId="63.[151,983,1056,1142]" box="[151,900,1056,1080]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<uri id="FFF1D244FFACFFC775DFE057FC43C744" box="[151,900,1056,1080]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFC6E493FFACFFC774D8E057FC43C744" box="[400,900,1056,1080]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">ABD2BBA6-AD2F-4F87-BFE1-2489F79257E8</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFACFFC775DFE048FC10C709" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFACFFC775DFE048FC7AC72A" blockId="63.[151,983,1056,1142]" box="[151,957,1086,1111]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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unknown plagonid group C sp 51,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFACFFC774BEE048FD13C72B" author="Trubovitz, S. & Lazarus, D. & Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J." box="[502,724,1087,1111]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref96304" refString="Trubovitz, S., Lazarus, D., Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J. (2020) Marine plankton show threshold extinction response to Neogene climate change. Nature Communications, 11 (5069), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 020 - 18879 - 7" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Trubovitz
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC77717E048FD5FC72B" box="[607,664,1087,1111]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al.,</emphasis>
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2020
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</bibRefCitation>
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, supplementary data 7.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFACFFC775DFE02AFC10C709" blockId="63.[151,983,1056,1142]" box="[151,983,1117,1142]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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unknown plagonid group C sp 53 cf,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFACFFC77758E02AFD29C709" author="Trubovitz, S. & Lazarus, D. & Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J." box="[528,750,1117,1141]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref96304" refString="Trubovitz, S., Lazarus, D., Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J. (2020) Marine plankton show threshold extinction response to Neogene climate change. Nature Communications, 11 (5069), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 020 - 18879 - 7" type="journal article" year="2020">
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||
Trubovitz
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC77731E029FD75C709" box="[633,690,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al.,</emphasis>
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||
2020
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
, supplementary data 7.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFACFFC775DFE0E9FDFBC7A0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFACFFC775DFE0E9FDFBC7A0" blockId="63.[151,1437,1182,1928]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC775DFE0E9FED5C7C4" bold="true" box="[151,274,1182,1208]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A small
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFACFFC7743FE0E9FDD6C7C4" authorityName="Ehrenberg, 1847 emend. Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" box="[375,529,1182,1208]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC7743FE0E9FDD6C7C4" box="[375,529,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Lophophaena</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with many thin spines on the thumb-shaped cephalis, and a thorax with distinct shoulders that tapers toward the base.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFACFFC7758FE091FDC5C6C8" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFACFFC7758FE091FDC5C6C8" blockId="63.[151,1437,1182,1928]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC7758FE091FE9EC67C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1254,1280]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Description.</emphasis>
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This species has a small, thumb-shaped cephalis that has many thin spines extending from the sides and top. The apical spine is embedded in the cephalis wall and is diminished to the point of being difficult to detect. The thorax is slightly wider than the cephalis, and reaches its widest point at the shoulders, where more thin spines extend downward. Pores on the cephalis and thorax are the same size, shape, and density. Both the cephalis and thorax show approximately the same degree of silicification. When the full skeleton is preserved, the thorax has a smooth termination at its base.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFACFFC7758FE1C9FCD7C5A8" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFACFFC7758FE1C9FCD7C5A8" blockId="63.[151,1437,1182,1928]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC7758FE1C9FEFCC6A4" bold="true" box="[199,315,1470,1496]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This species differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFACFFC77729E1C8FCA4C6A4" box="[609,867,1470,1496]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Botryopera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Nassellaria" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="babayagae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC77729E1C8FCA4C6A4" box="[609,867,1470,1496]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Botryopera babayagae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFACFFC77622E1C8FC60C6A5" box="[874,935,1471,1497]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(Pl. 9,
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<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFACFFC776B1E1C9FB9FC6A4" box="[1017,1112,1470,1496]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544060/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
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–
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<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFACFFC77121E1C9FBB1C6A4" box="[1129,1142,1470,1496]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1090,1114]" captionTargetBox="[178,1411,181,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-22@24.[177,1411,181,1066]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Internal skeletal structure of Botryopera amabie n. sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544074/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">8</figureCitation>
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) in that it has thin conical spines on top of the cephalis, and a longer, more narrow neck area. It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFACFFC77179E195FA83C680" authorityName="Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Cleve" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1073,1348,1506,1532]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC77179E195FA83C680" box="[1073,1348,1506,1532]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Lophophaena cylindrica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Pl. 22,
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<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFACFFC775DFE271FF30C55C" box="[151,247,1542,1568]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544060/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
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–
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<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFACFFC7744FE271FED1C55C" box="[263,278,1542,1568]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,849,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-347@10.[164,1423,849,1556]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Examples of specimen measurements discussed in the Systematic Paleontology section of this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544066/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">4</figureCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFACFFC77411E271FD8AC55C" box="[345,589,1542,1568]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="hispida">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC77411E271FD8AC55C" box="[345,589,1542,1568]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Lophophaena hispida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Pl. 22,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFACFFC777FBE271FCF6C55D" box="[691,817,1542,1569]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStart-3="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="12.[151,250,1242,1266]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,250,1463,1487]" captionStartId-2="18.[151,250,1317,1341]" captionStartId-3="24.[151,250,1090,1114]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,520,1219]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1436,737,1439]" captionTargetBox-2="[164,1422,562,1294]" captionTargetBox-3="[178,1411,181,1066]" captionTargetId-0="figure-153@12.[151,1436,520,1219]" captionTargetId-1="figure-139@15.[151,1436,736,1440]" captionTargetId-2="figure-182@18.[164,1422,561,1294]" captionTargetId-3="figure-22@24.[177,1411,181,1066]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="18" captionTargetPageId-3="24" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Internal skeletal structure of Amphiplecta acrostoma Haeckel, 1887." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorallium calvata (Haeckel, 1887) Petrushevskaya, 1971." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorys umbellifera (Haeckel, 1862) Petrushevskaya, 1971." captionText-3="FIGURE 8. Internal skeletal structure of Botryopera amabie n. sp." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544068" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544070" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544072" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544074" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10544068/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10544070/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10544072/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10544074/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figs. 5–8B</figureCitation>
|
||
) in that it has a smaller, more thumb-shaped cephalis, with less of a constriction at the neck. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFACFFC777B3E25DFBCFC538" authorityName="Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" box="[763,1032,1578,1604]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="nadezdae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC777B3E25DFBCFC538" box="[763,1032,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Lophophaena nadezdae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pl. 23,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFACFFC77123E25DFB0DC538" box="[1131,1226,1578,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544060/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFACFFC77193E25DFB39C538" box="[1243,1278,1578,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,745,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-251@7.[151,1436,741,1514]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Relative abundance of specimens and taxa belonging to Plagiacanthoidea and Lophophaenidae per sample, from IODP Site U1337 in the EEP over the last ~10 Ma. The relative percentages of total taxa are represented by the blue lines and the red lines represent the percentages of total specimens (triangles = Plagiacanthoidea; circles = Lophophaenidae). The Plagiacanthoidea was among the most abundant and speciose of radiolarian groups encountered in Trubovitz et al. (2020), with at least 10% of the specimens and 20% of the taxonomic richness in every sample. Within the Plagiacanthoidea, lophophaenids consistently made up the majority of specimens (~67%) and taxa (~61%). Data are from Trubovitz et al. (2020)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544062/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) in that it has fewer spines, and the cephalis is smaller, and more rounded at the top. The top of the cephalis is never open, differentiating this species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFACFFC774AFE205FD34C5F0" authorityName="Popofsky (Van de Paverd" authorityYear="1995" box="[487,755,1650,1676]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="variabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC774AFE205FD34C5F0" box="[487,755,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Lophophaena variabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pl. 22,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFACFFC7761EE205FC7FC5F0" box="[854,952,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1556,1580]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,742,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-252@30.[151,1436,741,1532]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Internal skeletal structure of Ceratocyrtis sp. C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544076/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figs. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
–11C) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFACFFC7717CE205FA85C5F0" authorityName="Haeckel (Van de Paverd" authorityYear="1995" box="[1076,1346,1650,1676]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="buetschlii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC7717CE205FA85C5F0" box="[1076,1346,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Lophophaena buetschlii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pl. 24,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFACFFC775DFE2E1FF30C5CC" box="[151,247,1686,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544060/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFACFFC77440E2E1FEECC5CC" box="[264,299,1686,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,745,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-251@7.[151,1436,741,1514]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Relative abundance of specimens and taxa belonging to Plagiacanthoidea and Lophophaenidae per sample, from IODP Site U1337 in the EEP over the last ~10 Ma. The relative percentages of total taxa are represented by the blue lines and the red lines represent the percentages of total specimens (triangles = Plagiacanthoidea; circles = Lophophaenidae). The Plagiacanthoidea was among the most abundant and speciose of radiolarian groups encountered in Trubovitz et al. (2020), with at least 10% of the specimens and 20% of the taxonomic richness in every sample. Within the Plagiacanthoidea, lophophaenids consistently made up the majority of specimens (~67%) and taxa (~61%). Data are from Trubovitz et al. (2020)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544062/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species has similar overall structure to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFACFFC77678E2E1FBE4C5CC" box="[816,1059,1686,1712]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="casperi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC77678E2E1FBE4C5CC" box="[816,1059,1686,1712]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Lophophaena casperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFACFFC77163E2E0FBAFC5CD" box="[1067,1128,1687,1713]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Pl. 28,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFACFFC77182E2E1FAEDC5CC" box="[1226,1322,1686,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544060/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFACFFC77073E2E1FA99C5CC" box="[1339,1374,1686,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1556,1580]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,742,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-252@30.[151,1436,741,1532]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Internal skeletal structure of Ceratocyrtis sp. C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544076/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">9B</figureCitation>
|
||
.), but differs in its smaller size and cephalis shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFACFFC777D9E2CDFCC5C5A8" box="[657,770,1722,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="54.[151,250,1031,1055]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,188,1002]" captionTargetId="figure-22@54.[155,1432,181,1007]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURE 12. Chart illustrating the different cephalis dimensions of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. (blue squares) and L. rusalkae n. sp. (red triangles). L. rusalkae has a cephalis height ranging from 34-40 microns, and an average cephalis width:neck ratio of 1. By contrast, L. casperi has a higher cephalis, ranging from 44- 58 microns, and a cephalis width:neck ratio averaging 1.3. The specimen with a cephalis width:neck ratio of 1.7, which is visually the outlier on this chart, has a particularly narrow neck (23 microns), but a cephalis of typical width for this species (40 microns)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544080/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFACFFB8758FE2A9FAC9C3A9" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFACFFC7758FE2A9FECEC418" blockId="63.[151,1437,1182,1928]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC7758FE2A9FE73C584" bold="true" box="[199,436,1758,1784]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6615CFFFACFFC774F5E2A9FD9FC584" box="[445,600,1758,1784]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="generic">33 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
observed from samples 321-1337D-23H-
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFACFFC77173E2A9FB1CC584" box="[1083,1243,1758,1784]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1567" metricValueMax="13.7" metricValueMin="0.6134" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="71.567" valueMax="137.0" valueMin="6.134">6, 134–137cm</quantity>
|
||
(Late Miocene), 321-1337A-18H-6,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFACFFC77431E375FE26C460" box="[377,481,1794,1820]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.85" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.7" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="78.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="77.0">77–80cm</quantity>
|
||
(Late Miocene), 321-1337A-14H-7,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFACFFC776D8E375FC3FC460" box="[912,1016,1794,1820]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="40.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="39.0">39–42cm</quantity>
|
||
(Late Miocene), 321-1337A-12H-5,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFACFFC775DFE351FF38C43C" box="[151,255,1830,1856]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="24.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="23.0">23–26cm</quantity>
|
||
(Late Miocene), 321-1337A-7H-
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFACFFC77736E351FCDAC43C" box="[638,797,1830,1856]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6552" metricValueMax="10.7" metricValueMin="0.6104" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="56.552" valueMax="107.0" valueMin="6.104">6, 104–107cm</quantity>
|
||
(Early Pliocene), and 321-1337A-6H-3,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFACFFC771B8E351FA9EC43C" box="[1264,1369,1830,1856]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="30.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="29.0">29–32cm</quantity>
|
||
(Late Pliocene).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFACFFC7758FE319FB91C4F4" blockId="63.[151,1437,1182,1928]" box="[199,1110,1902,1928]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B08D41BFFACFFC7758FE319FB94C4F4" box="[199,1107,1902,1928]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" specimenCode="321-1337A-14H-7" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC7758FE319FEFCC4F4" bold="true" box="[199,315,1902,1928]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFACFFC7758FE319FEF1C4F4" box="[199,310,1902,1928]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pl. 29,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFACFFC774D9E319FE11C4F4" box="[401,470,1902,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,849,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-347@10.[164,1423,849,1556]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Examples of specimen measurements discussed in the Systematic Paleontology section of this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544066/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
; sample
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC6763DFFACFFC77770E319FCCCC4F4" box="[568,779,1902,1928]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">321-1337A-14H-7</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFACFFC7765EE319FC45C4F4" box="[790,898,1902,1928]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="40.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="39.0">39–42cm</quantity>
|
||
; ECO-138; N20-4
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFACFFB8758FE3E5FAC9C3A9" blockId="63.[151,1437,1938,2037]" lastBlockId="64.[151,1437,150,357]" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFACFFC7758FE3E5FE81C4D0" bold="true" box="[199,326,1938,1964]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFACFFC7758FE3E5FE86C4D0" box="[199,321,1938,1964]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(1) Pl. 29, figs. 5A–B; sample 321-1337A-12H-5,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFACFFC776D3E3E5FBC1C4D0" box="[923,1030,1938,1964]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="24.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="23.0">23–26cm</quantity>
|
||
; ECO-136; X10-2. (2) Pl. 29, figs. 2A–B; sample 321-1337A-14H-7,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFACFFC7776EE3C1FD55C4AC" box="[550,658,1974,2000]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="40.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="39.0">39–42cm</quantity>
|
||
; ECO-140; Z14-2. (3) Pl. 29, figs. 1A–B; sample 321-1337A-14H-7,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFACFFC775FDE3ADFEE6C488" box="[181,289,2010,2036]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="40.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="39.0">39–42cm</quantity>
|
||
; ECO-139; Y39-3. (4) Pl. 29, figs. 2A–B; sample 321-1337A-14H-7,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFACFFC77176E3ADFB6DC488" box="[1086,1194,2010,2036]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="cm" value="40.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="39.0">39–42cm</quantity>
|
||
; ECO-139; X7-2. (5) Pl. 29, fig. 3; sample 321-1337A-12H-5,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFD3FFB87725E4E0FD1FC3CD" box="[621,728,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="cm" value="24.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="23.0">23–26cm</quantity>
|
||
; ECO-136; Z5-4. (6) Pl. 29, fig. 6; sample 321-1337A-14H-7,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFD3FFB875DFE4CCFEC4C3A9" box="[151,259,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="cm" value="40.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="39.0">39–42cm</quantity>
|
||
; ECO-139; O25-3. (7) [not figured] sample 321-1337A-14H-7,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFD3FFB87698E4CCFBFCC3A9" box="[976,1083,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="cm" value="40.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="39.0">39–42cm</quantity>
|
||
; ECO-138; C25-4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFD3FFB87586E4A8FCEFC261" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD3FFB87586E4A8FCEFC261" blockId="64.[151,1437,150,357]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD3FFB87586E4A8FE42C385" bold="true" box="[206,389,223,249]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
Cephalis height 34–40 (37)μm; cephalis width 25–32 (28)μm; width at neck 25–31 (28)μm; width at shoulders 36–44 (41)μm. Based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6615CFFFD3FFB877C0E574FCE4C261" box="[648,803,259,285]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFD3FFB87586E550FB71C23D" box="[206,1206,295,321]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD3FFB87586E550FB71C23D" blockId="64.[151,1437,150,357]" box="[206,1206,295,321]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD3FFB87586E550FE92C23D" bold="true" box="[206,341,295,321]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named for the malicious female water spirit in Russian folklore, the rusalka.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFD3FFB87586E53CFCF0C219" box="[206,823,331,357]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD3FFB87586E53CFCF0C219" blockId="64.[151,1437,150,357]" box="[206,823,331,357]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD3FFB87586E53CFEE6C219" bold="true" box="[206,289,331,357]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Late Miocene—Pliocene, in the EEP (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E2EBFDFFD3FFB8779BE53CFCE1C219" box="[723,806,331,357]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="84.[151,248,834,860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="TABLE 1. Occurrence chart of Late Neogene–Recent lophophaenids in the EEP." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1F8ECEFFC7FFAC75DFE735FB46C021" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="DF1F8ECEFFC7FFAC75DFE735FB46C021">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |