treatments-xml/data/03/C9/6F/03C96F50FF9DFFF675DFE6F3FEFEC78F.xml
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<mods:title id="69E4B1EE25A792AD10B78C455DB6CEA2">Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF9DFFF675DFE6F3FC04C061" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF9DFFF675DFE6F3FDDFC1E2" blockId="14.[151,536,644,706]" box="[151,536,644,670]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9DFFF675DFE6F3FE91C1E2" box="[151,342,644,670]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Amphiplecta" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9DFFF675DFE6F3FEECC1E2" box="[151,299,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Amphiplecta</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9DFFF6747BE6F3FE91C1E2" bold="true" box="[307,342,644,670]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9DFFF67415E6F3FEBCC1E2" bold="true" box="[349,379,644,670]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">cf.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9DFFF674CBE6F3FDDFC1E2" box="[387,536,644,670]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Amphiplecta" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="kikimorae">
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9DFFF674CBE6F3FDDFC1E2" box="[387,536,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. kikimorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF9DFFF675DFE6DFFE4EC1BE" blockId="14.[151,536,644,706]" box="[151,393,680,706]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Plate 2,
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FF9DFFF675BAE6DFFE93C1BE" box="[242,340,680,706]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1463,1487]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,737,1439]" captionTargetId="figure-139@15.[151,1436,736,1440]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorallium calvata (Haeckel, 1887) Petrushevskaya, 1971." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 6A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FF9DFFF6742DE6DFFE43C1BE" box="[357,388,680,706]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1317,1341]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,562,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-182@18.[164,1422,561,1294]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorys umbellifera (Haeckel, 1862) Petrushevskaya, 1971." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7B</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF9DFFF675DFE690FD68C183" blockId="14.[151,963,743,798]" box="[151,687,743,767]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9DFFF675DFE690FDD2C183" authority="?, Renz, 1974" authorityName="Renz" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,533,743,767]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Amphiplecta" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="acrostoma">
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9DFFF675DFE690FE4FC183" box="[151,392,743,767]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Amphiplecta acrostoma</emphasis>
?,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9DFFF674D7E69FFDD2C183" author="Renz, G. W." box="[415,533,743,767]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="27" refId="ref94537" refString="Renz, G. W. (1974) Radiolaria from Leg 27 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. In: Veevers, J. J., Heirtzler, J. R., Bolli, H. M., Carter, A. N., Cook, P. J., Krasheninnikov, V., McKnight, B. K., Decmia, F. P., Renz, G. W., Robinson, P. T., Rocker, K. Jr. &amp; Thayer, P. A., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 27. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 769 - 841. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 27.138.1974" type="book chapter" year="1974">Renz, 1974</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 18, fig. 12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF9DFFF675DFE771FC04C061" blockId="14.[151,963,743,798]" box="[151,963,774,798]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Unknown plagonid group C sp 73,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9DFFF674B3E771FD1EC062" author="Trubovitz, S. &amp; Lazarus, D. &amp; Renaudie, J. &amp; Noble, P. J." box="[507,729,774,798]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref96304" refString="Trubovitz, S., Lazarus, D., Renaudie, J. &amp; Noble, P. J. (2020) Marine plankton show threshold extinction response to Neogene climate change. Nature Communications, 11 (5069), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 020 - 18879 - 7" type="journal article" year="2020">
Trubovitz
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9DFFF6772DE770FD5AC062" box="[613,669,774,798]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.,</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
, supplementary data 7.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF9DFFF675DFE73BFB58C71E" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF9DFFF675DFE73BFB58C71E" blockId="14.[151,1437,844,1267]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9DFFF675DFE73BFECCC01A" bold="true" box="[151,267,844,870]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9DFFF67750E73BFCDBC01A" box="[536,796,844,870]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Amphiplecta" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="kikimorae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9DFFF67750E73BFCDBC01A" box="[536,796,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Amphiplecta kikimorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFF9DFFF6766BE73AFC98C01B" box="[803,863,845,871]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Pl. 2,
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FF9DFFF676E7E73BFBCAC01B" box="[943,1037,844,871]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FF9DFFF67156E73BFBF9C01B" box="[1054,1086,844,871]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1242,1266]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,520,1219]" captionTargetId="figure-153@12.[151,1436,520,1219]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Internal skeletal structure of Amphiplecta acrostoma Haeckel, 1887." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5B</figureCitation>
) except that it has significantly larger pores, is overall larger in size, has a more widely flared thorax, and a less pronounced apical horn. However, it does have a cephalis of similar shape, and the same prominent AL and AD arches. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9DFFF67047E7E3FEB6C0AE" authority="Haeckel" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Amphiplecta" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="acrostoma">
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9DFFF67047E7E3FECBC0AE" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Amphiplecta acrostoma</emphasis>
Haeckel
</taxonomicName>
(Pl. 1,
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FF9DFFF6748FE7CFFDE0C0AE" box="[455,551,952,978]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FF9DFFF6777FE7CFFD81C0AE" box="[567,582,952,978]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,745,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-251@7.[151,1436,741,1514]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Relative abundance of specimens and taxa belonging to Plagiacanthoidea and Lophophaenidae per sample, from IODP Site U1337 in the EEP over the last ~10 Ma. The relative percentages of total taxa are represented by the blue lines and the red lines represent the percentages of total specimens (triangles = Plagiacanthoidea; circles = Lophophaenidae). The Plagiacanthoidea was among the most abundant and speciose of radiolarian groups encountered in Trubovitz et al. (2020), with at least 10% of the specimens and 20% of the taxonomic richness in every sample. Within the Plagiacanthoidea, lophophaenids consistently made up the majority of specimens (~67%) and taxa (~61%). Data are from Trubovitz et al. (2020)." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9DFFF677CFE7CFFC10C0AE" authority="Dumitrica" authorityName="? Dumitrica" authorityYear="1973" box="[647,983,952,978]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Amphiplecta" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="cylindrocephala">
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9DFFF677CFE7CFFC9AC0AE" box="[647,861,952,978]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. cylindrocephala</emphasis>
Dumitrica
</taxonomicName>
in that the cephalis is closed at the top. A specimen similar to ours was figured by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9DFFF677C1E7AAFCD0C08A" author="Renz, G. W." box="[649,791,988,1015]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="27" refId="ref94537" refString="Renz, G. W. (1974) Radiolaria from Leg 27 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. In: Veevers, J. J., Heirtzler, J. R., Bolli, H. M., Carter, A. N., Cook, P. J., Krasheninnikov, V., McKnight, B. K., Decmia, F. P., Renz, G. W., Robinson, P. T., Rocker, K. Jr. &amp; Thayer, P. A., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 27. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 769 - 841. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 27.138.1974" type="book chapter" year="1974">Renz (1974)</bibRefCitation>
and identified as
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9DFFF676AEE7ABFAC7C08A" box="[998,1280,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9DFFF676AEE7ABFB31C08A" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[998,1270,988,1014]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Amphiplecta" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="acrostoma">Amphiplecta acrostoma</taxonomicName>
?
</emphasis>
, but the poor image quality makes it difficult to discern the pore size of Renzs specimen, and say with certainty it is conspecific with ours. However, we believe
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9DFFF67741E053FD78C743" box="[521,703,1060,1087]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Amphiplecta" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9DFFF67741E053FD50C742" box="[521,663,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Amphiplecta</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
cf.
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9DFFF677A5E053FCBAC742" box="[749,893,1060,1086]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Amphiplecta" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="kikimorae">
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9DFFF677A5E053FCBAC742" box="[749,893,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A. kikimorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not match any
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF9DFFF67124E053FA94C742" box="[1132,1363,1060,1086]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9DFFF67124E053FB3DC742" box="[1132,1274,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Amphiplecta</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
so far described, and could be justified as a new species after more specimens can be documented.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF9DFFF6758FE01BFEFEC78F" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF9DFFF6758FE01BFE28C7D6" blockId="14.[151,1437,844,1267]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9DFFF6758FE01BFE7BC7FA" bold="true" box="[199,444,1132,1158]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Material Examined.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D6615CFFF9DFFF6748FE01BFD91C7FA" box="[455,598,1132,1158]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
from samples 321-1337A-7H-
<quantity id="4C9873A3FF9DFFF67688E01BFBA5C7FA" box="[960,1122,1132,1158]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6552" metricValueMax="10.7" metricValueMin="0.6104" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="56.552" valueMax="107.0" valueMin="6.104">6, 104107cm</quantity>
(Early Pliocene) and 321- 1337D-1H-1,
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(Recent).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF9DFFF6758FE0C3FEFEC78F" blockId="14.[151,1437,844,1267]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B9140254FF9DFFF6758FE0C3FEDDC7B2" bold="true" box="[199,282,1204,1230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Range.</emphasis>
Early Pliocene—Recent in the
<collectionCode id="ED714683FF9DFFF67732E0C2FD6CC7B3" box="[634,683,1205,1231]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">EEP</collectionCode>
(
<tableCitation id="C6E2EBFDFF9DFFF677F1E0C3FCCBC7B2" box="[697,780,1204,1230]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="84.[151,248,834,860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="TABLE 1. Occurrence chart of Late NeogeneRecent lophophaenids in the EEP." pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The specimen figured by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF9DFFF67108E0C2FB0DC7B2" author="Renz, G. W." box="[1088,1226,1204,1231]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="27" refId="ref94537" refString="Renz, G. W. (1974) Radiolaria from Leg 27 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. In: Veevers, J. J., Heirtzler, J. R., Bolli, H. M., Carter, A. N., Cook, P. J., Krasheninnikov, V., McKnight, B. K., Decmia, F. P., Renz, G. W., Robinson, P. T., Rocker, K. Jr. &amp; Thayer, P. A., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 27. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 769 - 841. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 27.138.1974" type="book chapter" year="1974">Renz (1974)</bibRefCitation>
was listed as Quaternary in age.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>