379 lines
50 KiB
XML
379 lines
50 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9E210D0934CF29119F3F461049D03B44">Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF8EFFE575DFE79DFCA7C778" box="[151,864,1002,1028]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF8EFFE575DFE79DFCA7C778" blockId="29.[151,864,1002,1028]" box="[151,864,1002,1028]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="D097692AFF8EFFE575DFE79DFCA7C778" bold="true" box="[151,864,1002,1028]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE575DFE79DFCA7C778" bold="true" box="[151,864,1002,1028]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE575A6E79DFDF5C778" ID-CoL="3KSD" ID-ENA="2506355" authority="Butschli 1882" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[238,562,1002,1028]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE575A6E79DFE46C778" bold="true" box="[238,385,1002,1028]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ceratocyrtis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE574C0E79DFDF5C778" author="Butschli, O." box="[392,562,1002,1028]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="485 - 540" refId="ref86365" refString="Butschli, O. (1882) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Radiolarienskelette, insbesondere der Cyrtida (Contributions to the knowledge of the radiolarian skeletons, especially the Cyrtida). Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 36, 485 - 540. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1882">Bütschli 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, emend
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE577D2E79DFCA7C778" author="Sugiyama, K." box="[666,864,1002,1028]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="44 - 72" refId="ref95306" refString="Sugiyama, K. (1993) Skeletal structures of lower and middle Miocene Lophophaenids (Radiolaria) from central Japan. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series, 169, 44 - 72." type="journal article" year="1993">Sugiyama, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF8EFFE575DFE058FD7CC73B" box="[151,699,1071,1095]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF8EFFE575DFE058FD7CC73B" blockId="29.[151,699,1071,1095]" box="[151,699,1071,1095]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Type species:
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE5746EE058FE66C73B" box="[294,417,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE5746EE058FE50C73B" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[294,407,1071,1095]" class="Polycystina" family="Theoperidae" genus="Cornutella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Cornutella</taxonomicName>
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?
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE574EFE058FD7CC73B" authority="Ehrenberg, 1874" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1874" box="[423,699,1071,1095]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="cucullaris">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE574EFE058FDCBC73B" box="[423,524,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">cucullaris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE5775BE058FD7CC73B" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[531,699,1071,1095]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="213 - 263" refId="ref88473" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1874) Grossere Felsproben des Polycystinen-Mergels von Barbados mit weiteren Erlauterungen. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preufs. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1874, 213 - 263. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1874">Ehrenberg, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF8EFFE575DFE002FCCBC61B" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF8EFFE575DFE002FCCBC61B" blockId="29.[151,1437,1141,2032]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE575DFE002FEEEC7F3" bold="true" box="[151,297,1141,1167]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Description.</emphasis>
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Two-segmented lophophaenid with a small cephalis relative to the width of the thorax. The thorax is usually conical in shape. The dorsal and lateral spines protrude from the base of the cephalis rather than forming thoracic ribs, differentiating this genus from
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE577D9E0C9FCEAC7AB" box="[657,813,1214,1239]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE577D9E0C9FCEEC7AB" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[657,809,1214,1239]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lampromitra" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Lampromitra</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The dorsal spine points downward relative to the nearhorizontal lateral spines. The lateral spines are oriented at nearly a right angle from the dorsal spine, making them difficult to identify in the same plane as the dorsal, ventral, and apical spines.
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE57140E172FB53C663" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[1032,1172,1285,1311]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE57140E172FB53C663" box="[1032,1172,1285,1311]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ceratocyrtis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also has a distinctively elongated axobate, which extends straight downward from near the junction of the median bar and lateral spines into the interior of the thorax. The axobate is often dendritic.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF8EFFE6758FE106FC83C1D5" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF8EFFE5758FE106FEEBC5FB" blockId="29.[151,1437,1141,2032]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE5758FE106FEFCC6F7" bold="true" box="[199,315,1393,1419]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE5740FE106FE14C6F7" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[327,467,1393,1419]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE5740FE106FE14C6F7" box="[327,467,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ceratocyrtis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was first described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE577B9E106FC6FC6F7" author="Butschli, O." box="[753,936,1393,1419]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="485 - 540" refId="ref86365" refString="Butschli, O. (1882) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Radiolarienskelette, insbesondere der Cyrtida (Contributions to the knowledge of the radiolarian skeletons, especially the Cyrtida). Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 36, 485 - 540. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1882">Bütschli (1882)</bibRefCitation>
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. He recognized two separate forms in the previously described genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE5749CE1E2FCE0C6D3" authority="(Ehrenberg, 1839)" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[468,807,1429,1455]" class="Polycystina" family="Theoperidae" genus="Cornutella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE5749CE1E2FD8AC6D3" box="[468,589,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cornutella</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE57716E1E2FCD8C6D3" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[606,799,1429,1455]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="59 - 147" refId="ref88026" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1839) Uber die Bildung der Kreidefelsen und des Kreidemergels durch unsichtbare Organismen. Abhandlung Koniglich Akademie Wissenschften Berlin, Jahrbuch 1838, 1839, 59 - 147. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1839">Ehrenberg, 1839</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, and broke out several species as belonging to the new genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE57596E1CEFEADC6AF" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[222,362,1465,1491]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE57596E1CEFEADC6AF" box="[222,362,1465,1491]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ceratocyrtis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE5743FE1CEFDE2C6AF" author="Butschli, O." box="[375,549,1465,1491]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="485 - 540" refId="ref86365" refString="Butschli, O. (1882) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Radiolarienskelette, insbesondere der Cyrtida (Contributions to the knowledge of the radiolarian skeletons, especially the Cyrtida). Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 36, 485 - 540. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1882">Bütschli (1882)</bibRefCitation>
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||
described this genus as having a muted cephalis that is difficult to distinguish in exterior outline, primary spines likely corresponding to those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE57625E1AAFC3BC68B" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1847" box="[877,1020,1501,1527]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE57625E1AAFC3BC68B" box="[877,1020,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, and a downward-pointing apophyse (referred to as the axial spine by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE57750E276FD19C567" author="Sugiyama, K." box="[536,734,1537,1563]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="44 - 72" refId="ref95306" refString="Sugiyama, K. (1993) Skeletal structures of lower and middle Miocene Lophophaenids (Radiolaria) from central Japan. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series, 169, 44 - 72." type="journal article" year="1993">Sugiyama (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, and the axobate in this paper). This definition has remained fairly consistent in the literature, with subsequent authors adding clarification to the internal skeletal characteristics. However, there has been some disagreement as to the higher-level taxonomy and the species that should be included in this genus.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF8EFFE57586E2E6FA5BC48C" blockId="29.[151,1437,1141,2032]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE57586E2E6FE0AC5D7" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[206,461,1681,1707]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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||
considered
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE5771BE2E6FD18C5D7" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[595,735,1681,1707]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE5771BE2E6FD18C5D7" box="[595,735,1681,1707]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ceratocyrtis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to be a lophophaenid, and designated the
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<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FF8EFFE571F8E2E6FB27C5D7" box="[1200,1248,1681,1707]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE57013E2E6FF2CC5B3" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE57013E2E6FF2CC5B3" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ceratocyrtis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
as
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE5745FE2C2FE58C5B3" box="[279,415,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE5745FE2C2FE53C5B3" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[279,404,1717,1743]" class="Polycystina" family="Theoperidae" genus="Cornutella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Cornutella</taxonomicName>
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||
?
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE574E1E2C2FD1BC5B3" authority="Ehrenberg 1874" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1874" box="[425,732,1717,1743]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="cucullaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE574E1E2C2FDDEC5B3" box="[425,537,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">cucullaris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE5776BE2C2FD1BC5B3" author="Ehrenberg, C. G." box="[547,732,1717,1743]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="213 - 263" refId="ref88473" refString="Ehrenberg, C. G. (1874) Grossere Felsproben des Polycystinen-Mergels von Barbados mit weiteren Erlauterungen. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preufs. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1874, 213 - 263. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1874">Ehrenberg 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. She determined that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FF8EFFE57140E2C2FBFFC5B3" box="[1032,1080,1717,1743]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE571F7E2C2FF25C58F" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE571F7E2C2FA89C5B3" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[1215,1358,1717,1743]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Ceratocyrtis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE57014E2C2FF19C58F" authorityName="Jørgensen" authorityYear="1905" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Helotholus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Helotholus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE57453E2AEFE6CC58F" authorityName="Clark and Campbell" authorityYear="1942" box="[283,427,1753,1779]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Bathrocalpis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE57453E2AEFE6CC58F" box="[283,427,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Bathrocalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were not sufficiently different to justify separate genera, so she synonymized these three genera under the senior name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE574B9E28AFDBAC46B" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[497,637,1789,1815]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE574B9E28AFDBAC46B" box="[497,637,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ceratocyrtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although we agree that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FF8EFFE57684E28AFC3BC46B" box="[972,1020,1789,1815]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE57137E28AFB3DC46B" authorityName="Jørgensen" authorityYear="1905" box="[1151,1274,1789,1815]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Helotholus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE57137E28AFB3DC46B" box="[1151,1274,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Helotholus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE57042E289FE8BC440" authority="Jorgensen, 1905" authorityName="Jorgensen" authorityYear="1905" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Helotholus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="histricosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE57042E289FA5BC46B" box="[1290,1436,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. histricosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE575DFE356FE8BC440" author="Jorgensen, E." box="[151,332,1825,1852]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="114 - 141" refId="ref90366" refString="Jorgensen, E. (1905) The protist plankton and the diatoms in bottom samples. VII. Radiolaria. In: Nordgaard, O. (Ed.), Hydrographical and Biological investigations in Norwegian Fiords. Bergen Museum Skrifter, Bergen, pp. 114 - 141." type="book chapter" year="1905">Jørgensen, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, should be in the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE57712E356FD2AC447" box="[602,749,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE57712E356FD2EC447" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[602,745,1825,1851]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Ceratocyrtis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
we do not consider all species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE5712DE356FB27C447" authorityName="Jørgensen" authorityYear="1905" box="[1125,1248,1825,1851]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Helotholus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE5712DE356FB27C447" box="[1125,1248,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Helotholus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to fit this definition.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE57598E331FDC4C423" authority="Weaver, 1983" authorityName="Weaver" authorityYear="1983" box="[208,515,1861,1887]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Helotholus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="praevema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE57598E331FEA7C423" box="[208,352,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. praevema</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE5742FE332FDC4C423" author="Weaver, F. M." box="[359,515,1861,1887]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="71" refId="ref96659" refString="Weaver, F. M. (1983) Cenozoic radiolarians from the Southwest Atlantic, Falkland Plateau region, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 71. In: Ludwig, W. J., Krasheninnikov, V. A., Basov, I. A., Bayer, U., Bloemendal, J., Bornhold, B., Ciesielski, P. F., Goldstein, E. H., Robert, C., Salloway, J., Usher, J. L., von der Dick, H., Weaver, F. M. & Wise, S. W. Jr., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 71. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 667 - 686. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 71.126.1983" type="book chapter" year="1983">Weaver, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for example, we do not consider to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE576FFE332FB84C423" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[951,1091,1861,1887]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE576FFE332FB84C423" box="[951,1091,1861,1887]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ceratocyrtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but a revision of its taxonomy is outside the scope of this paper.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE57756E31EFD2FC4FF" author="Nishimura, H." box="[542,744,1897,1923]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="69 - 172" refId="ref92633" refString="Nishimura, H. (1990) Taxonomic study on Cenozoic Nassellaria (Radiolaria). Science Reports of the Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Section B: Geological Sciences, 11, 69 - 172." type="journal article" year="1990">Nishimura (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE5763BE31EFC38C4FF" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[883,1023,1897,1923]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE5763BE31EFC38C4FF" box="[883,1023,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ceratocyrtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to belong to Sethophormidae rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE57599E3FAFE48C4DB" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[209,399,1933,1959]" family="Lophophaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="family">Lophophaenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, she accepted the genus concepts of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE576E7E3FAFB9FC4DB" author="Butschli, O." box="[943,1112,1933,1959]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="485 - 540" refId="ref86365" refString="Butschli, O. (1882) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Radiolarienskelette, insbesondere der Cyrtida (Contributions to the knowledge of the radiolarian skeletons, especially the Cyrtida). Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 36, 485 - 540. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1882">Bütschli, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE5712DE3FAFACBC4DB" author="Haeckel, E." box="[1125,1292,1933,1959]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE57052E3FAFEDFC4B7" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE57460E3C6FD06C4B7" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G. & Kozlova, G. E." box="[296,705,1969,1995]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="86 - 157" refId="ref93996" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. & Kozlova, G. E. (1979) Description of the radiolarian genera and species. In: Sterlkov, A. A. & Petrushevskaya, M. G. (Eds.), Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas. Vol. 23 (31). The history of the microplankton of the Norwegian Sea (on the deep sea drilling materials). Zoological Institute, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, pp. 86 - 157." type="book chapter" year="1979">Petrushevskaya and Kozlova, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE5764CE3C6FC05C4B7" author="Bjorklund, K. R." box="[772,962,1969,1995]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="38" refId="ref86020" refString="Bjorklund, K. R. (1976) Radiolaria from the Norwegian Sea, Leg 38 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. In: Talwani, M., Udintsev, G., Bjorklund, K., Caston, V. N. D., Faas, R. W., Kharin, G. N., Morris, D. A, Muller, C., Nilsen, T. H., van Hinte, J., Warnke, D. A. & White, S. M., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Vol. 38. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., pp. 1101 - 1168. https: // doi. org / 10.2973 / dsdp. proc. 38.131.1976" type="book chapter" year="1976">Bjørklund, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Like
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE57158E3C6FAD0C4B7" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[1040,1303,1969,1995]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE5706EE3C6FF25C493" author="Nishimura, H." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="69 - 172" refId="ref92633" refString="Nishimura, H. (1990) Taxonomic study on Cenozoic Nassellaria (Radiolaria). Science Reports of the Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Section B: Geological Sciences, 11, 69 - 172." type="journal article" year="1990">Nishimura (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE57424E3A2FE3FC493" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[364,504,2005,2031]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE57424E3A2FE3FC493" box="[364,504,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ceratocyrtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8EFFE5765BE3A2FC49C493" authorityName="Jørgensen" authorityYear="1905" box="[787,910,2005,2031]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Helotholus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8EFFE5765BE3A2FC49C493" box="[787,910,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Helotholus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE576AFE3A2FB66C48C" author="Jorgensen, E." box="[999,1185,2005,2032]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="114 - 141" refId="ref90366" refString="Jorgensen, E. (1905) The protist plankton and the diatoms in bottom samples. VII. Radiolaria. In: Nordgaard, O. (Ed.), Hydrographical and Biological investigations in Norwegian Fiords. Bergen Museum Skrifter, Bergen, pp. 114 - 141." type="book chapter" year="1905">Jørgensen, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8EFFE57196E3A2FA53C48C" author="Campbell, A. S." box="[1246,1428,2005,2032]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref86440" refString="Campbell, A. S. (1954) Radiolaria. In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. 3. Part D, Protista. Geological Society of America, University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 11 - 195." type="book" year="1954">Campbell, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF8DFFE675DFE4E0FD76C2F5" blockId="30.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE67580E4E0FE9FC3CD" authorityName="Clark and Campbell" authorityYear="1942" box="[200,344,151,177]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Bathrocalpis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE67580E4E0FE9FC3CD" box="[200,344,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Bathrocalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8DFFE6742FE4E0FD5FC3CD" author="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S." box="[359,664,151,177]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref87501" refString="Clark, B. L. & Campbell, A. S. (1942) Eocene radiolarian faunas from the Mt. Diablo area, California. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 39, 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="1942">Clark and Campbell, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8DFFE6779DE4E0FC4AC3CD" author="Campbell, A. S." box="[725,909,150,177]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref86440" refString="Campbell, A. S. (1954) Radiolaria. In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. 3. Part D, Protista. Geological Society of America, University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 11 - 195." type="book" year="1954">Campbell, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8DFFE676EAE4E0FBA3C3CD" author="Sugiyama, K." box="[930,1124,151,177]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="44 - 72" refId="ref95306" refString="Sugiyama, K. (1993) Skeletal structures of lower and middle Miocene Lophophaenids (Radiolaria) from central Japan. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series, 169, 44 - 72." type="journal article" year="1993">Sugiyama (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
closely followed the genus concept of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8DFFE67450E4CCFDDAC3A9" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[280,541,187,213]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but included detailed diagrams illustrating and clarifying the internal skeletal structure of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE67454E4A8FE6FC385" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[284,424,223,249]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE67454E4A8FE6FC385" box="[284,424,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ceratocyrtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(figs. 21–22).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8DFFE67702E4A8FC8CC385" author="Matsuzaki, K. M. & Suzuki, N. & Nishi, H. & Hayashi, H. & Gyawali, B. R. & Takashima, R. & Ikehara, M." box="[586,843,222,249]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="17 - 33" refId="ref92001" refString="Matsuzaki, K. M., Suzuki, N., Nishi, H., Hayashi, H., Gyawali, B. R., Takashima, R. & Ikehara, M. (2015) Early to Middle Pleistocene paleoceanographic history of southern Japan based on radiolarian data from IODP Exp. 314 / 315 Sites C 0001 and C 0002. Marine Micropaleontology, 118, 17 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2015.05.001" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Matsuzaki
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE6778CE4A8FD3CC385" box="[708,763,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
remarked that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE676B8E4A8FB14C385" box="[1008,1235,223,249]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE676B8E4A8FBBBC385" box="[1008,1148,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ceratocyrtis</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
often have a large or wide thorax with a small cephalis, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE677E9E574FCB3C261" box="[673,884,259,285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE677E9E574FCDBC261" box="[673,796,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Helotholus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a shorter thorax and more distinct cephalis. Therefore, they consider these to be two separate and valid genera. In the present study, we consider the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FF8DFFE6705DE550FA82C23D" box="[1301,1349,295,321]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE675FDE53CFEF7C219" authorityName="Jørgensen" authorityYear="1905" box="[181,304,331,357]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Helotholus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE675FDE53CFEF7C219" box="[181,304,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Helotholus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE67477E53CFE1FC219" box="[319,472,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE67477E53CFE08C219" authorityName="Jorgensen" authorityYear="1905" box="[319,463,331,357]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Helotholus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="histricosa">H. histricosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
to be within the range of variation among our other observed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE671CCE53CFAADC219" box="[1156,1386,331,357]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE671CCE53CFAD7C219" box="[1156,1296,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ceratocyrtis</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and thus follow
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8DFFE67455E518FDE6C2F5" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[285,545,367,393]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s synonymy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF8DFFE67586E5E4FC83C1D5" blockId="30.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Here we observed the following species belonging to
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE67677E5E4FB0FC2D1" box="[831,1224,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE67677E5E4FC09C2D1" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[831,974,403,429]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Ceratocyrtis</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE67696E5E4FBAAC2D1" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[990,1133,403,429]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Ceratocyrtis</taxonomicName>
|
||
? chimii
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
n. sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE6706AE5E4FD71C2AD" authority="(Ehrenberg) Petrushevskaya, 1971" authorityName="Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="cucullaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE6706AE5E4FEEEC2AD" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ceratocyrtis cucullaris</emphasis>
|
||
(Ehrenberg)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8DFFE674F7E5C0FD71C2AD" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[447,694,439,465]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE6778BE5C0FA50C2AD" authority="(Jorgensen 1905) Petrushevskaya, 1971" authorityName="Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Jorgensen" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[707,1431,438,465]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="histricosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE6778BE5C0FC08C2AD" box="[707,975,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ceratocyrtis histricosus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8DFFE67697E5C0FB56C2AD" author="Jorgensen, E." box="[991,1169,438,465]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="114 - 141" refId="ref90366" refString="Jorgensen, E. (1905) The protist plankton and the diatoms in bottom samples. VII. Radiolaria. In: Nordgaard, O. (Ed.), Hydrographical and Biological investigations in Norwegian Fiords. Bergen Museum Skrifter, Bergen, pp. 114 - 141." type="book chapter" year="1905">Jørgensen 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8DFFE671E8E5C0FA50C2AD" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[1184,1431,439,465]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE675DFE5ACFCB9C289" authority="(Takahashi, 1991) Matsuzaki et al., 2015" authorityName="Matsuzaki et al." authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Takahashi" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[151,894,474,501]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="spinosiretis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE675DFE5ACFE6DC288" box="[151,426,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ceratocyrtis spinosiretis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8DFFE674F1E5ACFDB5C289" author="Takahashi, K." box="[441,626,475,501]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 301" refId="ref95670" refString="Takahashi, K. (1991) Radiolaria: flux, ecology, and taxonomy in the Pacific and Atlantic. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Ocean Biocoenosis Series, 3, 1 - 301. https: // doi. org / 10.1575 / 1912 / 408" type="journal article" year="1991">Takahashi, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8DFFE677CAE5ACFCB9C289" author="Matsuzaki, K. M. & Suzuki, N. & Nishi, H. & Hayashi, H. & Gyawali, B. R. & Takashima, R. & Ikehara, M." box="[642,894,474,501]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="17 - 33" refId="ref92001" refString="Matsuzaki, K. M., Suzuki, N., Nishi, H., Hayashi, H., Gyawali, B. R., Takashima, R. & Ikehara, M. (2015) Early to Middle Pleistocene paleoceanographic history of southern Japan based on radiolarian data from IODP Exp. 314 / 315 Sites C 0001 and C 0002. Marine Micropaleontology, 118, 17 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2015.05.001" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Matsuzaki
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE677B5E5ACFCFBC289" box="[765,828,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE676F0E5ACFBB2C289" box="[952,1141,475,501]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="vila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE676F0E5ACFBB2C289" box="[952,1141,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ceratocyrtis vila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFF8DFFE67134E5ACFB7FC289" box="[1148,1208,475,501]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE671F7E5ACFEC3C165" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE671F7E5ACFA89C289" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[1215,1358,475,501]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">Ceratocyrtis</taxonomicName>
|
||
? pseudoadvena
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8DFFE67443E588FE68C165" author="Kozlova, G. E." box="[267,431,511,537]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref90688" refString="Kozlova, G. E. (1999) Practical Manual on the Microfauna of Russia. Vol. 9. Paleogene Radiolarians of the Boreal Region of Russia. All-Russia Petroleum Exploration Geological Research Institute (VNIGRI), Saint Petersburg, 323 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1999">Kozlova, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is poorly documented, but does not appear to fit the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE671D4E588FAEFC165" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[1180,1320,511,537]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE671D4E588FAEFC165" box="[1180,1320,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ceratocyrtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the nature of the cephalis.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE674D9E654FC75C141" authority="(Cleve) Petrushevskaya, 1971" authorityName="Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Cleve" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[401,946,547,573]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="erosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE674D9E654FD98C140" box="[401,607,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ceratocyrtis erosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Cleve)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8DFFE677F7E654FC75C141" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[703,946,547,573]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was transferred from Cleve’s designation as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE675DFE630FEECC11C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,299,583,608]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lampromitra" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE675DFE630FEECC11C" box="[151,299,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lampromitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it is our opinion that it should remain in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE67655E630FC76C11C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[797,945,583,608]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lampromitra" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE67655E630FC76C11C" box="[797,945,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lampromitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Similarly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE6717AE630FE4BC1F9" authority="(Popofsky) Petrushevskaya, 1971" authorityName="Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Popofsky" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="sinuosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE6717AE630FADDC11C" box="[1074,1306,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ceratocyrtis sinuosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Popofsky)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FF8DFFE675DFE61CFE4BC1F9" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[151,396,619,645]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also transferred from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE677F0E61CFC8BC1F8" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[696,844,619,644]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lampromitra" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE677F0E61CFC8BC1F8" box="[696,844,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lampromitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Petrushevskaya, but we consider it to fit better in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE675DFE6F8FEECC1D4" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,299,655,680]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lampromitra" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE675DFE6F8FEECC1D4" box="[151,299,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lampromitra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FF8DFFE67422E6F8FE31C1D5" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[362,502,655,681]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Ceratocyrtis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE67422E6F8FE31C1D5" box="[362,502,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ceratocyrtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
so do not accept this transfer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFF8DFFE67586E6C4FE36C1B1" box="[206,497,691,717]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FF8DFFE67586E6C4FE36C1B1" blockId="30.[151,1437,150,717]" box="[206,497,691,717]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FF8DFFE67586E6C4FEE6C1B1" bold="true" box="[206,289,691,717]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
?Eocene—Recent
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |