263 lines
30 KiB
XML
263 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="838081142743DD95546EACDE213DBDA7" ID-CLB-Dataset="55246" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5310.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="95de53d6-ac5c-424e-a3ed-087bc2e2912b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8090240" ID-ZooBank="C6664128-1B4E-40C8-80E8-6D09AB49CB30" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1687949290506" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2023" docId="03C387E86639FFEAFF68E6CC838EFE2C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5310.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5310 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5310.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Astrotholus Mah 2023, nov. gen." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFFAFF906631FFE3FFFFE7588613FFBB" masterDocTitle="New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1699530808066" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="A8A38D3DC4047268B6A50D5075600240" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="66ECC186ADC8B269C6F50EBA40068188">
|
||
<mods:title id="1FD2B47F650950DF094EEFEF8E4E2CC2">New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="9FF48B19EB8A018DA15D0C850C90460A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="750E93CE778539FB0B37D14390F836A6">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="5C108FD9F85DDB5434AAF017EB432F86">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C6F340D84D2AF3C02CDE35A44D268768">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="27FD826905BEF967F220E792DAFEF17A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="E67AD0AA46DE3C923FFC801778C07676" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="9F339DA9F2DCD179A20CF089B363918D">
|
||
<mods:title id="991C412287CADDCA7A1951D4BB2DF1A6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="24FF9F2F3CEC08F61A6F0F2FBF9826BC">
|
||
<mods:date id="F525DBAFC92EC9BD8F8C246AA1C4F263">2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="58419195E4B96EA4368AFEA7DE9D09C5" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="A91E0E6807F30A36C7DBEB70C63CD691">2023-06-27</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="32CD0398227FDF3C1052C75D92182BBE" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="3F63F879050C84652C7ECAD0B01CF218">5310</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="0573890B0109B9EDBCCCE879A4AD87E6" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="AEDE26DED190D745330E2E9F3A36EE38">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="C1A8A2A73910C9DD0C42016750D5E5A5" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="C9DF3E79DF9DD97183C9D1928521CB7C">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="41D3699EE5DEC9990F622870113F5FC1">88</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="5C1D907A51017B6FBD8E7EFDBFB79B6F">
|
||
<mods:url id="81409C13EC39E57E62485B6583B065CF">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5310.1.1</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="08DCD6147CA1137158289D6B4E9C46FE">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F4B8E75E2C90E20D7E5CB76407692CCA" type="CLB-Dataset">55246</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3A329092E3AD5787060ECECD1BC3F694" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5310.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="74B98D21D968CB3A942564AC000DC3E8" type="GBIF-Dataset">95de53d6-ac5c-424e-a3ed-087bc2e2912b</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B277CAB80F8B8B47367B333916FBF0E1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6A52C0378B1451B0ADF16389E61642A1" type="Zenodo-Dep">8090240</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="90D238761194A5E998F41B3B307E055F" type="ZooBank">C6664128-1B4E-40C8-80E8-6D09AB49CB30</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03C387E86639FFEAFF68E6CC838EFE2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090084" ID-GBIF-Taxon="210479562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8090084" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86639FFEAFF68E6CC838EFE2C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387E86639FFEAFF68E6CC838EFE2C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37065756639FFEBFF68E6CC878BFE14" box="[151,408,404,431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6639FFEBFF68E6CC878BFE14" blockId="8.[151,408,404,431]" box="[151,408,404,431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="D09D81926639FFEBFF68E6CC878BFE14" bold="true" box="[151,408,404,431]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFF68E6CC878BFE14" bold="true" box="[151,408,404,431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFF68E6CC8730FE14" ID-CoL="8f5fe876-64f1-4a44-af0d-3b7535983d99" authority="Mah, 2023" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,291,404,431]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Astrotholus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFF68E6CC8730FE14" bold="true" box="[151,291,404,431]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Astrotholus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D57976639FFEBFED4E6CD878BFE14" box="[299,408,405,431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="genus">nov. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37065756639FFEBFF68E6858430FD84" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6639FFEBFF68E685870BFE4C" blockId="8.[151,1436,477,575]" box="[151,280,477,503]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFF68E685870BFE4C" bold="true" box="[151,280,477,503]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6639FFEBFF38E5598430FD84" blockId="8.[151,1436,477,575]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The genus is a combination of
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFDE4E55A8447FDA0" box="[539,596,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">astro</emphasis>
|
||
for star and the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFCB7E559859FFDA0" box="[840,908,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tholus</emphasis>
|
||
for dome, which alludes to the strongly arched, convex shape present in this genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37065756639FFEBFF68E5358261FC1C" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6639FFEBFF68E5358719FD3C" blockId="8.[151,1437,621,935]" box="[151,266,621,647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFF68E5358719FD3C" bold="true" box="[151,266,621,647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6639FFEBFF38E5C98261FC1C" blockId="8.[151,1437,621,935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Body form pentagonal to stellate, arms short, disk large. Disk strongly arched, interradial body wall thin. Actinal surface concave. Abactinal plates imbricate, variably flat to subpaxillate, rounded to elongate in shape. Plates with spinelets, variably thorn like, tips glassine to blunt and strongly club-like or granuliform in shape. These accessories showing association with underlying plates. Abactinal disk plates irregularly arranged on disk and arm radii but present in ordered series interradially between radial disk plates and superomarginals. Marginal plates small, forming crenulate lateral boundary between abactinal and actinal surface. Actinal intermediate plate region in linear rows showing association between inferomarginals and adambulacral plates. Actinal plate surface bare or in some taxa with single to multiple spinelets. Furrow spines webbed, numbering 3 to 6.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37065756639FFEBFF68E48A845EFC52" box="[151,589,977,1002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6639FFEBFF68E48A845EFC52" blockId="8.[151,589,977,1002]" box="[151,589,977,1002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D1885C6639FFEBFF68E48A86DAFC51" box="[151,201,978,1002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFED9E48987D5FC52" ID-CoL="43958212-8c84-4400-b39d-5bb40b5e3c00" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[294,454,977,1001]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Astrotholus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFED9E48987D5FC52" box="[294,454,977,1001]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Astrotholus mei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
n. gen, n. sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37065756639FFEBFF68E34F825DFA95" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6639FFEBFF68E34F870BFB8A" blockId="8.[151,1437,1047,1326]" box="[151,280,1047,1073]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFF68E34F870BFB8A" bold="true" box="[151,280,1047,1073]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6639FFEBFF38E36386F6FB5D" blockId="8.[151,1437,1047,1326]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
This genus accommodates “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFDFEE3638494FBEE" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[513,647,1083,1109]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Anseropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFDFEE3638494FBEE" box="[513,647,1083,1109]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Anseropoda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFD65E364851FFBEE" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[666,780,1084,1109]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Anseropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFD65E364851FFBEE" box="[666,780,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">antarctica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the four new species reported herein, which had fallen under the broad range of the description for “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFD6FE3078505FBC2" authorityName="Nardo" authorityYear="1834" box="[656,790,1119,1145]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Anseropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFD6FE3078505FBC2" box="[656,790,1119,1145]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Anseropoda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFCD6E33885B0FBC2" box="[809,931,1120,1145]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFCD6E338858CFBC2" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[809,927,1120,1145]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Anseropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">antarctica</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D1885C6639FFEBFC24E3388218FBC1" box="[987,1035,1120,1146]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species, described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6639FFEBFAFAE307838FFBC1" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1285,1436,1119,1146]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="69 - 306" refId="ref57901" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1940) Asteroidea. Discovery Reports, 20, 69 - 306." type="journal article" year="1940">Fisher (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Clarence Island was collected from relatively shallow depth (
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6639FFEBFC6DE3DB8207FB25" box="[914,1044,1155,1182]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.685" metricValueMax="4.26" metricValueMin="3.11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="368.5" valueMax="426.0" valueMin="311.0">311–426 m</quantity>
|
||
) compared to the species reported here which were collected from between 1000 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6639FFEBFD29E3F08538FB79" box="[726,811,1192,1218]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="4000.0">4000 m</quantity>
|
||
except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFC55E3FF829AFB7A" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[938,1161,1191,1217]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Astrotholus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phasma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFC55E3FF829AFB7A" box="[938,1161,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Astrotholus phasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
n. gen, n. sp. from
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6639FFEBFA9BE3F086F2FB5D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.165" metricValueMax="4.9399999999999995" metricValueMin="3.3899999999999997" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="416.5" valueMax="494.0" valueMin="339.0">
|
||
339–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD776639FFEBFF68E39486F2FB5D" box="[151,225,1228,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">494 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6639FFEBFF38E3B7825DFA95" blockId="8.[151,1437,1047,1326]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFF38E3B7879DFAB1" box="[199,398,1263,1290]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Included Species:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFE6CE3B78528FAB1" authority="(Fisher, 1940)" authorityName="CASIZ" baseAuthorityName="Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[403,827,1263,1290]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Astrotholus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFE6CE3B78484FAB2" box="[403,663,1263,1289]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Astrotholus antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6639FFEBFD5AE3B78520FAB1" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[677,819,1263,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="69 - 306" refId="ref57901" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1940) Asteroidea. Discovery Reports, 20, 69 - 306." type="journal article" year="1940">Fisher, 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFCB6E3B7825DFA95" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFCB6E3B78256FAB1" authority="Mah, 2023" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[841,1093,1263,1290]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Astrotholus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infernalis" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFCB6E3B78256FAB1" bold="true" box="[841,1093,1263,1290]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Astrotholus infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D57976639FFEBFBB3E3A88289FAB1" box="[1100,1178,1264,1290]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
n. sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFB19E3B7838FFAB2" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[1254,1436,1263,1290]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Astrotholus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFB19E3B7838FFAB2" bold="true" box="[1254,1436,1263,1290]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Astrotholus mei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
n. gen, n. sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFECCE24B8439FA95" authority="Mah, 2023" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[307,554,1299,1326]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Astrotholus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="molginos" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFECCE24B8439FA95" bold="true" box="[307,554,1299,1326]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Astrotholus molginos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D57976639FFEBFDCFE24C846CFA95" box="[560,639,1300,1326]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
n. sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFD33E24B85A0FA95" authority="Mah, 2023" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[716,947,1299,1326]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Astrotholus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phasma" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFD33E24B85A0FA95" bold="true" box="[716,947,1299,1326]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Astrotholus phasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D57976639FFEBFC45E24C821AFA95" box="[954,1033,1300,1326]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
n. sp.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37065756639FFEBFF68E2048436FACD" box="[151,549,1371,1398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6639FFEBFF68E2048436FACD" blockId="8.[151,549,1371,1398]" box="[151,549,1371,1398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFF68E2048737FACE" box="[151,292,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D1885C6639FFEBFF68E20486D8FACE" box="[151,203,1372,1397]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFECDE20387F2FACE" ID-CoL="43958212-8c84-4400-b39d-5bb40b5e3c00" authority="Mah, 2023" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[306,481,1371,1397]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Astrotholus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFECDE20387F2FACE" box="[306,481,1371,1397]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Astrotholus mei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D57976639FFEBFE16E2048436FACD" box="[489,549,1372,1398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37065756639FFEAFF68E2FC838EFE2C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6639FFEBFF68E2FC844FFA05" blockId="8.[151,1436,1443,1528]" box="[151,604,1443,1470]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Key to the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFE76E2FB841AFA06" ID-CoL="8f5fe876-64f1-4a44-af0d-3b7535983d99" authority="Mah, 2023" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[393,521,1443,1469]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Astrotholus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFE76E2FB841AFA06" box="[393,521,1443,1469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Astrotholus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D57976639FFEBFDEFE2FC844FFA05" box="[528,604,1444,1470]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6639FFEBFF68E29D838FFA4C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1443,1528]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(0) Surface with strongly convex or subpaxillate abactinal plates with multiple spinelets, each adorned with microspinelets or club-shaped tips.......................................................................................... (3)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6639FFEBFF68E145838FF989" blockId="8.[151,1436,1564,1586]" box="[151,1436,1564,1586]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(0’) Surface flat with single point spines or granules directly present on surface of each imbricate abactinal plate............ (1)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6639FFEBFF68E10F838EF913" blockId="8.[151,1437,1623,1792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
(1) Granules or granular spines (i.e., granules rounded, variably short and squat to more cylindrical interradially) on abactinal plates, ranging from 5 to 18. Actinal plates with spinelets, 3 to 6 per plate. Superomarginals approximately twice the size of the inferomarginals. Known depth range:
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6639FFEBFDB0E1CA84ACF91C" box="[591,703,1682,1704]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.275" metricValueMax="4.26" metricValueMin="2.29" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="327.5" valueMax="426.0" valueMin="229.0">
|
||
229–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD776639FFEBFD80E1CA84ACF91C" box="[639,703,1682,1704]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">426 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
..............
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFC9BE1CA82DAF91C" box="[868,1225,1682,1703]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFC9BE1CA8250F91C" ID-CoL="56b1ee9f-aebe-47db-9b4f-7d31b13cc502" authorityName="CASIZ" baseAuthorityName="Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[868,1091,1682,1703]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Astrotholus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">Astrotholus antarcticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
...........
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
nov. gen. nov. comb.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6639FFEBFF68E1F7838FF944" blockId="8.[151,1437,1623,1792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
(1’) Abactinal plates with spines (pointed) ranging from 5 to 50 (mostly 15–30). Actinal plates,
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6639FFEBFB9CE1F782B2F97E" box="[1123,1185,1711,1733]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 in</quantity>
|
||
all but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFB12E1F78346F97F" ID-CoL="eb0d728c-6e45-4331-8980-306d7c7d689b" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[1261,1365,1711,1732]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Astrotholus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phasma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFB12E1F78346F97F" box="[1261,1365,1711,1732]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. phasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which can have up to 4 per plate. Superomarginals similar in size to inferomarginals. Depth range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFB93E19582C2F95A" ID-CoL="eb0d728c-6e45-4331-8980-306d7c7d689b" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[1132,1233,1740,1762]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Astrotholus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phasma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFB93E19582C2F95A" box="[1132,1233,1740,1762]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. phasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
339–528, but others, ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6639FFEBFE99E1B287FCF944" box="[358,495,1770,1792]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.415" metricValueMax="3.944" metricValueMin="2.886" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="3415.0" valueMax="3944.0" valueMin="2886.0">2886–3944 m</quantity>
|
||
............................................................................. (2)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6639FFEBFF68E07D838EF8EC" blockId="8.[151,1437,1828,1938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
(2) Superomarginal plates similar in size/width to inferomarginals. Single series of pointed spines, 1 to 8, along non-overlapping abactinal plate. Known depth range:
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6639FFEBFDBCE01A84D8F8EC" box="[579,715,1858,1880]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.381" metricValueMax="3.876" metricValueMin="2.886" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="3381.0" valueMax="3876.0" valueMin="2886.0">2886–3876 m</quantity>
|
||
...............................
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFBBCE019838EF8EC" bold="true" box="[1091,1437,1857,1879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFBBCE0198304F8EC" ID-CoL="d4cd6e3c-4ee1-4ed6-8d60-da1e4c22455d" authority="Mah, 2023" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[1091,1303,1857,1879]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Astrotholus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="molginos" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFBBCE0198304F8EC" bold="true" box="[1091,1303,1857,1879]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Astrotholus molginos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D57976639FFEBFAE2E01A8373F8EC" box="[1309,1376,1858,1879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
n. sp.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6639FFEBFF68E007838EF829" blockId="8.[151,1437,1828,1938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
(2’) Superomarginal plates twice as large as inferomarginals. Spinelets present around complete periphery of plate with central surface devoid of spination. Depth range:
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6639FFEBFD8AE02484F6F829" box="[629,741,1916,1938]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.335" metricValueMax="5.279999999999999" metricValueMin="3.3899999999999997" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="433.5" valueMax="528.0" valueMin="339.0">
|
||
339–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD776639FFEBFD5AE02484F6F829" box="[677,741,1916,1938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">528 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.............................
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFBAEE024838EF829" bold="true" box="[1105,1437,1916,1938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6639FFEBFBAEE0248305F829" ID-CoL="eb0d728c-6e45-4331-8980-306d7c7d689b" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[1105,1302,1916,1938]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Astrotholus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phasma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6639FFEBFBAEE0248305F829" bold="true" box="[1105,1302,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Astrotholus phasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
n. gen, n. sp.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6638FFEAFF68E7C0838EFE99" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,408]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
(3) Abactinal plates strongly subpaxillate (i.e., forming a well-developed mound or convex surface) each with 6 to 30 (mostly 10–15) blunt, closely arranged, club-shaped spines, these at R=1.0 to 2.5 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6638FFEAFC4BE7ED8228FF71" box="[948,1083,181,203]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-15@15.[151,1436,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Astrotholus mei n. gen. n. sp. USNM 1662082 Holotype. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of abactinal granules. C. Oral surface. D. Oral surface showing mouth, actinal and furrow spines. E. Lateral view showing abactinal granules, superomarginal and inferomarginal plates. F. Close-up of furrow and actinal spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090248/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3A, B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Single papular pores present along radial regions. Larger individuals (R=2.5) with mound-shaped, thickened bodies, arms indistinct. Actinal plates with a stout, elongate spine, mostly single but a minority of plates with two spines, these rising well above the surface of the plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6638FFEAFAB3E7B786E1FE99" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[151,1436,181,1863]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. Astrotholus infernalis n. gen. n. sp. USNM 1122403. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close view of abactinal, superomarginal and inferomarginal plates, covered by spinelets. C. Abactinal and superomarginal plates denuded. D. Oral view close view. E. Oral surface. F. Furrow and adambulacral spination." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090246/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Depth range of known specimens: 2886–3040.....................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6638FFEAFB85E654838EFE99" bold="true" box="[1146,1437,268,290]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6638FFEAFB85E6548304FE99" ID-CoL="43958212-8c84-4400-b39d-5bb40b5e3c00" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[1146,1303,268,290]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Astrotholus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6638FFEAFB85E6548304FE99" bold="true" box="[1146,1303,268,290]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Astrotholus mei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
n. gen, n. sp.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6638FFEAFF68E672838EFE2C" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,408]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
(3’) Abactinal plates flat to weakly subpaxillate with spinelets mostly 4–20, mostly 5–15, widely spaced. Spinelet tips rough, hyaline, 3–4. at R=~1.5, with each angular spinelet each displaying 3–4 hyaline tips. Larger individuals (R=1.5–1.7) arms more distinctly triangular in shape. Actinal plates with 2 to 4 fine widely spaced spines. Known depth range:
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6638FFEAFB3DE63D8359FEC1" box="[1218,1354,357,378]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.866" metricValueMax="3.944" metricValueMin="3.788" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="3866.0" valueMax="3944.0" valueMin="3788.0">3788–3944 m</quantity>
|
||
.............................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6638FFEAFBC1E6DA838EFE2C" bold="true" box="[1086,1437,386,408]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6638FFEAFBC1E6DA8304FE23" ID-CoL="a3c9974b-7c2c-4dcf-af38-60e21fa59a79" authority="Mah, 2023" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2023" box="[1086,1303,386,408]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Astrotholus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="infernalis" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6638FFEAFBC1E6DA8304FE23" bold="true" box="[1086,1303,386,408]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Astrotholus infernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D57976638FFEAFAE2E6DA8373FE2C" box="[1309,1376,386,407]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
n. sp.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |