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<document id="AF6E7ABB56E361A03B7257974738BA92" ID-CLB-Dataset="55246" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5310.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="95de53d6-ac5c-424e-a3ed-087bc2e2912b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8090240" ID-ZooBank="C6664128-1B4E-40C8-80E8-6D09AB49CB30" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1687949290506" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2023" docId="03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5310.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5310 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5310.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Paralophaster antarcticus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FFFAFF906631FFE3FFFFE7588613FFBB" masterDocTitle="New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1699537264752" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="27CE70DCBF5FF08ED9DD1C431DADDC57">New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090204" ID-GBIF-Taxon="210479607" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8090204" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<subSubSection id="C37065756609FFDBFF68E05584B5F89C" box="[151,678,1805,1832]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6609FFDBFF68E05584B5F89C" blockId="56.[151,1265,1805,2021]" box="[151,678,1805,1832]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="D09D81926609FFDBFF68E05584B5F89C" bold="true" box="[151,678,1805,1832]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6609FFDBFF68E05584B5F89C" ID-CoL="4CZY9" ID-ENA="655531" authority="(Koehler, 1912 a)" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[151,678,1805,1832]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6609FFDBFF68E05584B5F89C" bold="true" box="[151,678,1805,1832]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6609FFDBFF68E05587C2F89C" bold="true" box="[151,465,1805,1832]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Paralophaster antarcticus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6609FFDBFE1FE055848DF89C" author="Koehler, R." box="[480,670,1805,1831]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 277" refId="ref59374" refString="Koehler, R. (1912 a) Echinodermes (Asteries, Ophiures et Echinides). In: Deuxieme Expedition Antarctique Francaise 1908 - 1910 J. Charcot. Masson et cie, Paris, pp. 1 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85347" type="book chapter" year="1912">Koehler, 1912a</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37065756609FFDBFF68E0698742F8F0" box="[151,337,1841,1867]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6609FFDBFF68E0698742F8F0" blockId="56.[151,1265,1805,2021]" box="[151,337,1841,1867]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6609FFDBFF68E0698742F8F0" box="[151,337,1841,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-28@58.[151,1436,181,1916]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 18. Paralophaster antarcticus USNM E53506. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of abactinal and marginal paxillae. E. Closeup of oral and furrow spine region. F. Closeup of furrow spination." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090286/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 18A–F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37065756609FFDBFF68E00A8472F85F" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6609FFDBFF68E00A8456F8D1" blockId="56.[151,1265,1805,2021]" box="[151,581,1874,1898]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7A11D06609FFDBFF68E00A8456F8D1" box="[151,581,1874,1898]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF6609FFDBFF68E00A8453F8D1" author="Koehler, R." box="[151,576,1874,1898]" page="46" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" year="1912">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6609FFDBFF68E00A8453F8D1" ID-CoL="7ee27eee-0ff7-4c0f-863d-147db8ec33ea" authority="Koehler, 1912 a: 46" authorityName="Koehler" authorityPageNumber="46" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,576,1874,1898]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6609FFDBFF68E00A8766F8D2" box="[151,373,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Lophaster antarcticus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6609FFDBFE83E00A8453F8D1" author="Koehler, R." box="[380,576,1874,1898]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 277" refId="ref59374" refString="Koehler, R. (1912 a) Echinodermes (Asteries, Ophiures et Echinides). In: Deuxieme Expedition Antarctique Francaise 1908 - 1910 J. Charcot. Masson et cie, Paris, pp. 1 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85347" type="book chapter" year="1912">Koehler, 1912a: 46</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6609FFDBFF68E02982E2F833" blockId="56.[151,1265,1805,2021]" box="[151,1265,1904,1929]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7A11D06609FFDBFF68E02982E2F833" box="[151,1265,1904,1929]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF6609FFDBFF68E029843EF832" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[151,557,1904,1929]" page="181" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" year="1940">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6609FFDBFF68E029843EF832" ID-CoL="73RS9" authority="Fisher 1940: 181" authorityName="Fisher" authorityPageNumber="181" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,557,1904,1929]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Myoraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6609FFDBFF68E029876BF833" box="[151,376,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Myoraster antarcticus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6609FFDBFE81E028843EF832" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[382,557,1904,1929]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="69 - 306" refId="ref57901" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1940) Asteroidea. Discovery Reports, 20, 69 - 306." type="journal article" year="1940">Fisher 1940: 181</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; H.E.S.
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF6609FFDBFD7EE028850BF833" author="Clark, H. E. S." box="[641,792,1904,1928]" page="56" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6609FFDBFD7EE028850BF833" author="Clark, H. E. S." box="[641,792,1904,1928]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref56491" refString="Clark, H. E. S. (1963) The Fauna of the Ross Sea. Part 3. Asteroidea. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin, 151, 1 - 84." type="journal article" year="1963">Clark 1963: 56</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(synonym according to A.M.
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF6609FFDBFBB6E02882F6F833" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1097,1253,1904,1928]" page="52" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6609FFDBFBB6E02882F6F833" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1097,1253,1904,1928]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="68 - 70" refId="ref56254" refString="Clark, A. M. (1962) Asteroidea. B. A. N. Z. Antarctic Research Expedition 1929 - 1931, B 9, 68 - 70." type="journal article" year="1962">Clark 1962: 52</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6609FFDBFF68E0D78492F81C" blockId="56.[151,1265,1805,2021]" box="[151,641,1935,1959]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7A11D06609FFDBFF68E0D78492F81C" box="[151,641,1935,1959]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF6609FFDBFF68E0D7846FF81C" author="Clark, A. M." box="[151,636,1935,1959]" page="52" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" year="1962">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6609FFDBFF68E0D7846FF81C" ID-CoL="4CZY9" authority="A. M. Clark 1962: 52" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityPageNumber="52" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,636,1935,1959]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6609FFDBFF68E0D787B2F81C" box="[151,417,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Paralophaster antarcticus</emphasis>
A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6609FFDBFE1DE0D7846FF81C" author="Clark, A. M." box="[482,636,1935,1959]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="68 - 70" refId="ref56254" refString="Clark, A. M. (1962) Asteroidea. B. A. N. Z. Antarctic Research Expedition 1929 - 1931, B 9, 68 - 70." type="journal article" year="1962">Clark 1962: 52</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6609FFDBFF68E0F68415F87D" blockId="56.[151,1265,1805,2021]" box="[151,518,1966,1990]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7A11D06609FFDBFF68E0F68415F87D" box="[151,518,1966,1990]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF6609FFDBFF68E0F68411F87D" author="Koehler R." box="[151,514,1966,1990]" page="40" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" year="1917">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6609FFDBFF68E0F68411F87D" ID-CoL="6209cb51-35fe-4137-9975-807762b23f38" authority="Koehler, 1917: 40" authorityName="Koehler" authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,514,1966,1990]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6609FFDBFF68E0F68750F87E" box="[151,323,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Solaster incertus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6609FFDBFEB6E0F68411F87D" author="Koehler R." box="[329,514,1966,1990]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref59472" refString="Koehler R. (1917) Echinodermes (asteries, ophiures et echinides) recueillis par M. Rallier du Baty, aux iles Kerguelen, en 1913 - 1914. Annales de l'Institut oceanographique, 7 (8), 1 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85361" type="journal article" year="1917">Koehler, 1917: 40</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6609FFDBFF68E0948472F85F" blockId="56.[151,1265,1805,2021]" box="[151,609,1996,2021]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7A11D06609FFDBFF68E0948472F85F" box="[151,609,1996,2021]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF6609FFDBFF68E094844EF85F" author="Clark, A. M." box="[151,605,1996,2021]" page="50" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" year="1962">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6609FFDBFF68E094844EF85F" ID-CoL="8ZDZS" authority="A. M. Clark 1962: 50" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityPageNumber="50" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,605,1996,2021]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6609FFDBFF68E0948791F85F" box="[151,386,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Paralophaster incertus</emphasis>
A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6609FFDBFE3DE094844EF85F" author="Clark, A. M." box="[450,605,1996,2020]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="68 - 70" refId="ref56254" refString="Clark, A. M. (1962) Asteroidea. B. A. N. Z. Antarctic Research Expedition 1929 - 1931, B 9, 68 - 70." type="journal article" year="1962">Clark 1962: 50</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37065756608FFDAFF68E7CE84C7FE16" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6608FFDAFF68E7CE8719FF0B" blockId="57.[151,1437,150,429]" box="[151,266,150,176]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFF68E7CE8719FF0B" bold="true" box="[151,266,150,176]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6608FFDAFF38E7E384C7FE16" blockId="57.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
Body stellate R/r= 2.5–4.0.Abactinal surface paxillate, each bearing 30–40 hyaline spinelets that forms a dense, canopy-like covering over surface, appearing “fuzzy” (
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6608FFDAFCEBE78785D9FF42" box="[788,970,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-28@58.[151,1436,181,1916]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 18. Paralophaster antarcticus USNM E53506. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of abactinal and marginal paxillae. E. Closeup of oral and furrow spine region. F. Closeup of furrow spination." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090286/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 18A, B, D</figureCitation>
). Superomarginals with paxillae bearing dense spinelets, 20–40 (at R=13.0 cm), adjacent to inferomarginals, approximately twice the size of adjacent abactinal paxillae (
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6608FFDAFE94E67F87C7FEFA" box="[363,468,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-28@58.[151,1436,181,1916]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 18. Paralophaster antarcticus USNM E53506. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of abactinal and marginal paxillae. E. Closeup of oral and furrow spine region. F. Closeup of furrow spination." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090286/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
). Inferomarginal paxillae prominent, large 2 to 3 times the size of the superomarginals with elongate tips, 40–80, 40 per interradius, 20 per arm at R=2.0 cm, 60–80 at R=20.0 cm per interradius, 30–40 along each arm. Each paxilla with dense, numerous spinelets, 30–40. Furrow spines 4, then 3 along most of arm. Subambulacral spines 3 to 5, unwebbed (
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6608FFDAFD9CE6CB84D4FE16" box="[611,711,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-28@58.[151,1436,181,1916]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 18. Paralophaster antarcticus USNM E53506. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup of abactinal paxillae. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of abactinal and marginal paxillae. E. Closeup of oral and furrow spine region. F. Closeup of furrow spination." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090286/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 18F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37065756608FFDAFF68E68287F2FAC2" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6608FFDAFF68E682870BFE4F" blockId="57.[151,1436,474,825]" box="[151,280,474,500]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFF68E682870BFE4F" bold="true" box="[151,280,474,500]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6608FFDAFF38E6A78753FD76" blockId="57.[151,1436,474,825]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6608FFDAFF38E6A78762FDA2" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[199,369,511,537]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="69 - 306" refId="ref57901" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1940) Asteroidea. Discovery Reports, 20, 69 - 306." type="journal article" year="1940">Fisher’s (1940)</bibRefCitation>
most seemingly relevant character for
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFCE3E6A78582FDA3" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[796,913,511,536]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Myoraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFCE3E6A78582FDA3" box="[796,913,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Myoraster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFC50E6A782C0FDA3" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityYear="1962" box="[943,1235,511,537]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFC50E6A782C0FDA3" box="[943,1235,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Paralophaster antarcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) was the presence of a longitudinal muscle band lying between the adambulacral and superomarginal plates and extending from the end of the ray to the interbrachial angle. A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6608FFDAFD50E51F8552FDDA" author="Clark, A. M." box="[687,833,583,609]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="68 - 70" refId="ref56254" refString="Clark, A. M. (1962) Asteroidea. B. A. N. Z. Antarctic Research Expedition 1929 - 1931, B 9, 68 - 70." type="journal article" year="1962">Clark (1962)</bibRefCitation>
identified this muscle band in
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFB5AE51F838FFDDB" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1912" box="[1189,1436,583,609]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFB5AE51F838FFDDB" box="[1189,1436,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Lophaster antarcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well as
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFEE8E5338431FD3E" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[279,546,619,645]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="godfroyi">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFEE8E5338431FD3E" box="[279,546,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Paralophaster godfroyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The extent to which this character is functionally important is unclear, but ultimately A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6608FFDAFEB0E5D7841BFD12" author="Clark, A. M." box="[335,520,654,681]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="68 - 70" refId="ref56254" refString="Clark, A. M. (1962) Asteroidea. B. A. N. Z. Antarctic Research Expedition 1929 - 1931, B 9, 68 - 70." type="journal article" year="1962">Clark (1962: 52)</bibRefCitation>
did not find them to be of “generic importance” and synonymized
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFB10E5D78377FD13" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[1263,1380,655,680]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Myoraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFB10E5D78377FD13" box="[1263,1380,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Myoraster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFF68E5EB872AFD76" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,313,691,717]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFF68E5EB872AFD76" box="[151,313,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Paralophaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6608FFDAFF38E58F835DFCAE" blockId="57.[151,1436,474,825]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
Gut contents of CASIZ 174645 contained disarticulated comatulid crinoid ossicles, which were identified as belonging to
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFED4E5A38405FCAF" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1937" box="[299,534,763,789]" class="Crinoidea" family="Antedonidae" genus="Florometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mawsoni">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFED4E5A38405FCAF" box="[299,534,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Florometra mawsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on the presence of short spinelets around the edge of the columns.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6608FFDAFF38E4478374FC82" blockId="57.[151,1436,474,825]" box="[199,1383,799,825]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">One specimen, among USNM 1418098 had six arms rather than the five present in most other specimens.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6608FFDAFF68E43F8402FC3A" blockId="57.[151,1437,870,1401]" box="[151,529,870,897]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFF68E43F8402FC3A" bold="true" box="[151,529,870,897]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
What is
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFF04E43E8402FC3A" bold="true" box="[251,529,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFF04E43E8416FC3A" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityYear="1962" box="[251,517,870,897]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="incertus">Paralophaster incertus</taxonomicName>
?
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6608FFDAFF38E4D382CBFBAA" blockId="57.[151,1437,870,1401]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
While reviewing the high-latitude
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFDC0E4D384F2FC1E" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[575,737,907,933]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFDC0E4D384F2FC1E" box="[575,737,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Paralophaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, inconsistencies emerged for
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFBDAE4D38336FC1F" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityYear="1962" box="[1061,1317,907,933]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFBDAE4D38336FC1F" box="[1061,1317,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Paralophaster incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described as
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFF4BE4F78407FC72" authority="Koehler, 1917" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1917" box="[180,532,943,969]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFF4BE4F78763FC73" box="[180,368,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Solaster incertus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6608FFDAFE89E4F78407FC72" author="Koehler R." box="[374,532,943,969]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref59472" refString="Koehler R. (1917) Echinodermes (asteries, ophiures et echinides) recueillis par M. Rallier du Baty, aux iles Kerguelen, en 1913 - 1914. Annales de l'Institut oceanographique, 7 (8), 1 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85361" type="journal article" year="1917">Koehler, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Kerguelen Island.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6608FFDAFCDEE4F785ABFC72" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[801,952,943,969]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="69 - 306" refId="ref57901" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1940) Asteroidea. Discovery Reports, 20, 69 - 306." type="journal article" year="1940">Fisher (1940)</bibRefCitation>
did not accept
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFBA1E4F782C0FC73" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1917" box="[1118,1235,943,969]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFBA1E4F782C0FC73" box="[1118,1235,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">S. incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFB08E4F7838EFC72" box="[1271,1437,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFB08E4F7838AFC72" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[1271,1433,943,969]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Paralophaster</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6608FFDAFF22E48B8763FC56" author="Clark, A. M." box="[221,368,979,1005]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="68 - 70" refId="ref56254" refString="Clark, A. M. (1962) Asteroidea. B. A. N. Z. Antarctic Research Expedition 1929 - 1931, B 9, 68 - 70." type="journal article" year="1962">Clark (1962)</bibRefCitation>
included
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFE19E48B84FFFC57" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityYear="1962" box="[486,748,979,1005]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFE19E48B84FFFC57" box="[486,748,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Paralophaster incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in her key to
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFC66E48B8228FC56" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[921,1083,979,1005]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFC66E48B8228FC56" box="[921,1083,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Paralophaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with no comment but did not include this species under
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFE40E4AF8472FBAA" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[447,609,1015,1041]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFE40E4AF8472FBAA" box="[447,609,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Paralophaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among her listing of asteroid names (A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6608FFDAFBB5E4AF82DFFBAA" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1098,1228,1015,1041]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="183 - 250" refId="ref56383" refString="Clark, A. M. (1997) An index of names of recent Asteroidea. Part 3. Velatida and Spinulosida. E c hinoderm Studies, 5, 183 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781003077909 - 5" type="journal article" year="1997">Clark 1997</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6608FFDAFF38E34387F2FAC2" blockId="57.[151,1437,870,1401]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
An image of the
<typeStatus id="54D1885C6608FFDAFE71E34387E3FB8E" box="[398,496,1051,1077]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(MNHN IE-2014-95) as well as images and the description from
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6608FFDAFB11E343838FFB8E" author="Koehler R." box="[1262,1436,1051,1077]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref59472" refString="Koehler R. (1917) Echinodermes (asteries, ophiures et echinides) recueillis par M. Rallier du Baty, aux iles Kerguelen, en 1913 - 1914. Annales de l'Institut oceanographique, 7 (8), 1 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85361" type="journal article" year="1917">Koehler (1917)</bibRefCitation>
suggest that this either shows close affinities with or is a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFC80E36782B1FBE3" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityYear="1962" box="[895,1186,1087,1113]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFC80E36782B1FBE3" box="[895,1186,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Paralophaster antarcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Koehler’s description alludes to the poor condition of the
<typeStatus id="54D1885C6608FFDAFDD9E33B849BFBC6" box="[550,648,1123,1149]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
which obscured more precise descriptions of this species. However, it shows approximately 29 to 30 inferomarginal plates, as well as the dense, close-set paxillar pattern of the spinelets on the abactinal plates. Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFDC9E3F38548FB7F" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityYear="1962" box="[566,859,1195,1221]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFDC9E3F38548FB7F" box="[566,859,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Paralophaster antarcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g., USNM E13466) with comparable size (R=
<quantity id="4C929B1B6608FFDAFA85E3F38716FB52" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.7">1.7 to 2.3 cm</quantity>
to versus the type at R=
<quantity id="4C929B1B6608FFDAFDD8E3968464FB52" box="[551,631,1230,1257]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
) had a similar appearance to
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFC30E39782C7FB53" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityYear="1962" box="[975,1236,1231,1257]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFC30E39782C7FB53" box="[975,1236,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Paralophaster incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with comparable numbers of marginal plates along the arm (n=22 at R=
<quantity id="4C929B1B6608FFDAFD08E3AB8551FAB6" box="[759,834,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="cm" value="1.7">1.7 cm</quantity>
to 26 at R=
<quantity id="4C929B1B6608FFDAFC3AE3AB8200FAB6" box="[965,1043,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="cm" value="2.2">2.2 cm</quantity>
) with superomarginals intercalated between the inferomarginals. The oral surface figured by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6608FFDAFCE7E24F85D0FA8A" author="Koehler R." box="[792,963,1303,1329]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref59472" refString="Koehler R. (1917) Echinodermes (asteries, ophiures et echinides) recueillis par M. Rallier du Baty, aux iles Kerguelen, en 1913 - 1914. Annales de l'Institut oceanographique, 7 (8), 1 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85361" type="journal article" year="1917">Koehler (1917)</bibRefCitation>
also displays characters consistent with
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFA77E24F8708FAEF" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFA77E24F8704FAEF" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityYear="1962" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">P. antarcticus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
such as 4 to 5 subambulacral spines. Thus,
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFD07E26385EAFAEF" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityYear="1962" box="[760,1017,1339,1365]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="incertus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFD07E26385EAFAEF" box="[760,1017,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Paralophaster incertus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6608FFDAFB05E26387CFFAC2" authority="(Koehler, 1912 a)" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFB05E2638707FAC3" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Paralophaster antarcticus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6608FFDAFEDCE20787C7FAC2" author="Koehler, R." box="[291,468,1375,1401]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 277" refId="ref59374" refString="Koehler, R. (1912 a) Echinodermes (Asteries, Ophiures et Echinides). In: Deuxieme Expedition Antarctique Francaise 1908 - 1910 J. Charcot. Masson et cie, Paris, pp. 1 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 85347" type="book chapter" year="1912">Koehler, 1912a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37065756608FFDAFF68E2FE8540F9B2" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6608FFDAFF68E2FE8731FA7B" blockId="57.[151,1437,1446,1545]" box="[151,290,1446,1472]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFF68E2FE8731FA7B" bold="true" box="[151,290,1446,1472]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Occurrence</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6608FFDAFF38E2938540F9B2" blockId="57.[151,1437,1446,1545]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<location id="8EB560256608FFDAFF38E2938778FA5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12:8EB560256608FFDAFF38E2938778FA5E" box="[199,363,1483,1509]" country="Bouvet Island" county="Tierra del Fuego." municipality="South Atlantic" name="South Georgia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South Georgia</location>
and
<location id="8EB560256608FFDAFE5BE29384A5FA5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12:8EB560256608FFDAFE5BE29384A5FA5E" box="[420,694,1483,1509]" country="Bouvet Island" county="Tierra del Fuego." municipality="South Atlantic" name="South Sandwich Islands" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South Sandwich Islands</location>
, Palmer Archipelago. Bellinghausen Sea. Adelie Land, Ross Sea.
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFF68E2B684C7F9B2" bold="true" box="[151,724,1518,1545]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1AC846608FFDAFF68E2B68756F9B3" box="[151,325,1518,1544]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South Atlantic</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E6608FFDAFEAEE2B787EBF9B2" box="[337,504,1519,1545]" name="Bouvet Island" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bouvet Island</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCounty id="62B44E726608FFDAFDFBE2B684C7F9B2" box="[516,724,1518,1545]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Tierra del Fuego.</collectingCounty>
</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C929B1B6608FFDAFD25E2B7855DF9B2" box="[730,846,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.225" metricValueMax="7.459999999999999" metricValueMin="0.99" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="422.5" valueMax="746.0" valueMin="99.0">
<elevation id="0047D1CD6608FFDAFD25E2B7855DF9B2" box="[730,846,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.225" metricValueMax="7.459999999999999" metricValueMin="0.99" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="422.5" valueMax="746.0" valueMin="99.0">99–746 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37065756608FFD8FF68E16E82B4FD12" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6608FFDAFF68E16E876CF9EB" blockId="57.[151,1437,1590,1977]" box="[151,383,1590,1616]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<heading id="D09D81926608FFDAFF68E16E876CF9EB" bold="true" box="[151,383,1590,1616]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFF68E16E876CF9EB" bold="true" box="[151,383,1590,1616]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Material Examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6608FFDAFF38E1038520F922" blockId="57.[151,1437,1590,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA36608FFDAFF38E1038520F922" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000445" collectingDate="1966-02-19" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="R / V Eastwind" location="Shetland Islands" municipality="Southern Ocean" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="USNM E13473" specimenCount="747" specimenCount-male="746" stateProvince="Clarence Island">
<specimenCode id="DBCC9E856608FFDAFF38E1038768F9CE" box="[199,379,1627,1653]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USNM E13473</specimenCode>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A672FDC6608FFDAFE78E10387FBF9CE" box="[391,488,1627,1653]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South of</locationDeviation>
<collectingRegion id="49AEF81C6608FFDAFE0EE10384B2F9CE" box="[497,673,1627,1653]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Clarence Island</collectingRegion>
<locationDeviation id="9A672FDC6608FFDAFD55E10384F8F9CE" box="[682,747,1627,1653]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South</locationDeviation>
<location id="8EB560256608FFDAFD0BE10385A2F9CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12:8EB560256608FFDAFD0BE10385A2F9CE" box="[756,945,1627,1653]" municipality="Southern Ocean" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" stateProvince="Clarence Island">Shetland Islands</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1AC846608FFDAFC42E1038265F9CE" box="[957,1142,1627,1653]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Southern Ocean</collectingMunicipality>
. −62.18, −57.825,
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD776608FFDAFAB2E103838EF9CE" box="[1357,1437,1627,1653]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="male">
<quantity id="4C929B1B6608FFDAFAB2E103838BF9CE" box="[1357,1432,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.459999999999999" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="746.0">746 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Coll.
<collectorName id="269F53286608FFDAFF2AE1278760F922" box="[213,371,1663,1689]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
R/V
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFEF4E1278760F922" box="[267,371,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Eastwind</emphasis>
</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFD4103E6608FFDAFE7EE1278404F922" box="[385,535,1663,1689]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1966-02-19">
<collectingDate id="EF90E9D66608FFDAFE7EE1278404F922" box="[385,535,1663,1689]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1966-02-19">19 Feb. 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD776608FFDAFDDDE1278423F922" box="[546,560,1663,1689]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">1</specimenCount>
dry spec. R=8.5 r=2.1.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6608FFDAFF38E1FB8766F95A" blockId="57.[151,1437,1590,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA36608FFDAFF38E1FB8766F95A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000362" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="USAP &amp; R / V Siedlecki" country="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" elevation="177" location="South Atlantic" municipality="South Atlantic" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="USNM E38487" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBCC9E856608FFDAFF38E1FB8769F906" box="[199,378,1699,1725]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USNM E38487</specimenCode>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E6608FFDAFE79E1FB843FF906" box="[390,556,1699,1725]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1AC846608FFDAFDC7E1FB84CEF906" box="[568,733,1699,1725]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South Atlantic</collectingMunicipality>
, −53.67, −36.8,
<quantity id="4C929B1B6608FFDAFC69E1FB820AF906" box="[918,1049,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.765" metricValueMax="1.92" metricValueMin="1.61" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="176.5" valueMax="192.0" valueMin="161.0">
<elevation id="0047D1CD6608FFDAFC69E1FB820AF906" box="[918,1049,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.765" metricValueMax="1.92" metricValueMin="1.61" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="176.5" valueMax="192.0" valueMin="161.0">161–192 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. Coll.
<collectorName id="269F53286608FFDAFB9BE1FB82BFF906" box="[1124,1196,1699,1725]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USAP</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="269F53286608FFDAFB48E1FB8345F906" box="[1207,1366,1699,1725]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
R/V
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFB12E1FB8345F906" box="[1261,1366,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Siedlecki</emphasis>
</collectorName>
.
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD776608FFDAFA9EE1FB837CF906" box="[1377,1391,1699,1725]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">1</specimenCount>
dry spec. R=13.0 r=4.0.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6608FFDAFF38E1B382CCF892" blockId="57.[151,1437,1590,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA36608FFDAFF38E1B382CCF892" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000324" collectingDate="1975-05-26" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="R / V Islas Orcadas &amp; USAP" country="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" elevation="412" location="Scotia Sea." municipality="Scotia Sea." pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="USNM E47668" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Saunders Island">
<specimenCode id="DBCC9E856608FFDAFF38E1B3876FF8BE" box="[199,380,1771,1797]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USNM E47668</specimenCode>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AEF81C6608FFDAFE76E1B38453F8BE" box="[393,576,1771,1797]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Saunders Island</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E6608FFDAFDB1E1B38570F8BE" box="[590,867,1771,1797]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South Sandwich Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1AC846608FFDAFC8FE1B385E3F8BE" box="[880,1008,1771,1797]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Scotia Sea.</collectingMunicipality>
−57.69, −26.3717,
<quantity id="4C929B1B6608FFDAFB2CE1B2834BF8BE" box="[1235,1368,1770,1797]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.115" metricValueMax="4.68" metricValueMin="3.55" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="411.5" valueMax="468.0" valueMin="355.0">
<elevation id="0047D1CD6608FFDAFB2CE1B2834BF8BE" box="[1235,1368,1770,1797]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.115" metricValueMax="4.68" metricValueMin="3.55" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="411.5" valueMax="468.0" valueMin="355.0">355–468 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. Coll.
<collectorName id="269F53286608FFDAFF68E0578774F892" box="[151,359,1807,1833]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
R/V
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFF33E0578774F892" box="[204,359,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Islas Orcadas</emphasis>
</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="269F53286608FFDAFE89E05787ADF892" box="[374,446,1807,1833]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USAP</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFD4103E6608FFDAFE37E0578473F892" box="[456,608,1806,1833]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1975-05-26">
<collectingDate id="EF90E9D66608FFDAFE37E0578473F892" box="[456,608,1806,1833]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1975-05-26">26 May 1975</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD776608FFDAFD94E057846AF892" box="[619,633,1807,1833]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">3</specimenCount>
dry specs. R=12.6 r=3.6, R=16.3 r=3.6, R=13.2 r=4.2.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6608FFDAFF38E06B82CDF8CA" blockId="57.[151,1437,1590,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA36608FFDAFF38E06B82CDF8CA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000342" collectingDate="1982-03-22" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="R / V Hero &amp; USAP" elevation="108" latitude="-64.3129" location="Dallmann Bay" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-62.9722" municipality="Southern Ocean" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="USNM E53425" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Melchior Island">
<specimenCode id="DBCC9E856608FFDAFF38E06B8768F8F6" box="[199,379,1842,1869]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USNM E53425</specimenCode>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AEF81C6608FFDAFE76E06B8453F8F6" box="[393,576,1843,1869]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Melchior Island</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EB560256608FFDAFDB2E06B84E0F8F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12:8EB560256608FFDAFDB2E06B84E0F8F6" box="[589,755,1843,1869]" latitude="-64.3129" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-62.9722" municipality="Southern Ocean" name="Dallmann Bay" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" stateProvince="Melchior Island">Dallmann Bay</location>
,
<location id="8EB560256608FFDAFCFEE06B85F6F8F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12:8EB560256608FFDAFCFEE06B85F6F8F6" box="[769,997,1843,1869]" latitude="-64.3129" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-62.9722" municipality="Southern Ocean" name="Palmer Archipelago" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" stateProvince="Melchior Island">Palmer Archipelago</location>
,
<location id="8EB560256608FFDAFC0EE06B82C1F8F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12:8EB560256608FFDAFC0EE06B82C1F8F6" box="[1009,1234,1843,1869]" latitude="-64.3129" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="-62.9722" municipality="Southern Ocean" name="Antarctic Peninsula" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" stateProvince="Melchior Island">Antarctic Peninsula</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1AC846608FFDAFB20E06B838AF8F6" box="[1247,1433,1843,1869]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Southern Ocean</collectingMunicipality>
.
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E50396608FFDAFF68E00F8716F8CA" box="[151,261,1879,1905]" degrees="64.3129" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" precision="5" value="-64.3129">−64.3129</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E50396608FFDAFEEFE00F876DF8CA" box="[272,382,1879,1905]" degrees="62.9722" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" precision="5" value="-62.9722">−62.9722</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C929B1B6608FFDAFE76E00E87EEF8CA" box="[393,509,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.075" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.85" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="107.5" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="85.0">
<elevation id="0047D1CD6608FFDAFE76E00E87EEF8CA" box="[393,509,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.075" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.85" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="107.5" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="85.0">85–130 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. Coll.
<collectorName id="269F53286608FFDAFDB9E00F84A7F8CB" box="[582,692,1879,1905]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
R/V
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6608FFDAFD84E00F84A7F8CB" box="[635,692,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Hero</emphasis>
</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="269F53286608FFDAFD3EE00F851AF8CA" box="[705,777,1879,1905]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USAP</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFD4103E6608FFDAFCEBE00F85D1F8CA" box="[788,962,1879,1905]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1982-03-22">
<collectingDate id="EF90E9D66608FFDAFCEBE00F85D1F8CA" box="[788,962,1879,1905]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1982-03-22">22 March 1982</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD776608FFDAFC32E00F85C8F8CA" box="[973,987,1879,1905]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">1</specimenCount>
dry spec. R=6.3 r=2.2.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6608FFDAFF38E02387A2F802" blockId="57.[151,1437,1590,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA36608FFDAFF38E02387A2F802" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000363" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="S. Kim &amp; Moss Landing Marine Labs" country="Bouvet Island" latitude="-54.3482" location="South Atlantic Island" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-3.3765" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="USNM 1110074" specimenCount="201" specimenCount-male="200">
<specimenCode id="DBCC9E856608FFDAFF38E0238792F82E" box="[199,385,1915,1941]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">USNM 1110074</specimenCode>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E6608FFDAFE73E0238439F82E" box="[396,554,1915,1941]" name="Bouvet Island" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bouvet Island</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8EB560256608FFDAFDCAE0238531F82E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12:8EB560256608FFDAFDCAE0238531F82E" box="[565,802,1915,1941]" country="Bouvet Island" latitude="-54.3482" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-3.3765" name="South Atlantic Island" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">South Atlantic Island</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E50396608FFDAFCD2E0228588F82E" box="[813,923,1914,1941]" degrees="54.3482" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" precision="5" value="-54.3482">−54.3482</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E50396608FFDAFC5AE0228217F82E" box="[933,1028,1914,1941]" degrees="3.3765" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" precision="5" value="-3.3765">−3.3765</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD776608FFDAFBF0E023824FF82E" box="[1039,1116,1915,1941]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="male">
<quantity id="4C929B1B6608FFDAFBF0E023824BF82E" box="[1039,1112,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Coll.
<collectorName id="269F53286608FFDAFB5FE02382E1F82E" box="[1184,1266,1915,1941]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">S. Kim</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="269F53286608FFDAFB03E023873AF802" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Moss Landing Marine Labs</collectorName>
.
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD776608FFDAFECCE0C78752F802" box="[307,321,1951,1977]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">1</specimenCount>
wet spec.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF156676660BFFD9FF68E0CC86E8F84F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090286" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8090286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090286/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" startId="58.[151,250,1940,1964]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1916]" targetPageId="58" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE660BFFD9FF68E0CC86E8F84F" blockId="58.[151,1437,1940,2036]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC660BFFD9FF68E0CC8731F817" bold="true" box="[151,290,1940,1964]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D660BFFD9FED5E0CC84B6F817" authority="USNM E" authorityName="USNM E" box="[298,677,1940,1965]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Paralophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC660BFFD9FED5E0CC8428F817" bold="true" box="[298,571,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Paralophaster antarcticus</emphasis>
USNM E
</taxonomicName>
53506.
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC660BFFD9FD0EE0CC8519F817" bold="true" box="[753,778,1940,1964]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">A.</emphasis>
Abactinal surface.
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC660BFFD9FC2AE0CD85FFF816" bold="true" box="[981,1004,1941,1965]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">B.</emphasis>
Closeup of abactinal paxillae.
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC660BFFD9FACEE0CC835AF817" bold="true" box="[1329,1353,1940,1964]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">C.</emphasis>
Actinal surface.
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC660BFFD9FF0FE0E1871AF86A" bold="true" box="[240,265,1977,2001]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">D.</emphasis>
Closeup of abactinal and marginal paxillae.
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC660BFFD9FD1AE0E184EFF86A" bold="true" box="[741,764,1977,2001]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E.</emphasis>
Closeup of oral and furrow spine region.
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC660BFFD9FB40E0E182C1F86A" bold="true" box="[1215,1234,1977,2001]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">F.</emphasis>
Closeup of furrow spination.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE660AFFD8FF38E7CF841BFF42" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA3660AFFD8FF38E7CF841BFF42" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000351" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="R / V Eltanin &amp; USAP" country="Antarctica" elevation="162" latitude="-71.367" location="Victoria Land" longLatPrecision="58" longitude="170.683" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="USNM 1120489" specimenCount="10" stateProvince="Victoria Land">
<specimenCode id="DBCC9E85660AFFD8FF38E7CF8791FF0A" box="[199,386,151,177]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">USNM 1120489</specimenCode>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AEF81C660AFFD8FE74E7CF8434FF0A" box="[395,551,151,177]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Victoria Land</collectingRegion>
, Ross Sea,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E660AFFD8FD5DE7CF8509FF0A" box="[674,794,151,177]" name="Antarctica" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
.
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5039660AFFD8FCDBE7CF8590FF0A" box="[804,899,151,177]" degrees="71.367" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="-71.367">−71.367</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5039660AFFD8FC72E7CF85F8FF0A" box="[909,1003,151,177]" degrees="170.683" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="170.683">170.683</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C929B1B660AFFD8FC0AE7CF8265FF0A" box="[1013,1142,151,177]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" metricValueMax="1.64" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="162.0" valueMax="164.0" valueMin="160.0">
<elevation id="0047D1CD660AFFD8FC0AE7CF8265FF0A" box="[1013,1142,151,177]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" metricValueMax="1.64" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="162.0" valueMax="164.0" valueMin="160.0">160–164 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. Coll.
<collectorName id="269F5328660AFFD8FB42E7CF8350FF0A" box="[1213,1347,151,177]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
R/V
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC660AFFD8FB0EE7CF8350FF0A" box="[1265,1347,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Eltanin</emphasis>
</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="269F5328660AFFD8FAAEE7CF838AFF0A" box="[1361,1433,151,177]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">USAP</collectorName>
.
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD77660AFFD8FF68E7E386A0FF6E" box="[151,179,187,213]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">10</specimenCount>
dry specs. R=2.2 r=0.7, R=2.5 r=0.8, R=2.2 r=0.8, R=1.9 r=0.6, R=2.1 r=0.6, R=1.8 r=0.8, R=2.0 r=0.8, R=2.0 r=0.8, R=1.4 r=0.5, R=1.1 r=0.3.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE660AFFD8FF38E65B87DFFEFA" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA3660AFFD8FF38E65B87DFFEFA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000320" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="R / V Hero" latitude="-54.7308" location="Puerto Roca" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-64.2267" municipality="South Atlantic" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="USNM 1130751" specimenCount="713" specimenCount-male="712" stateProvince="Staten Island">
<specimenCode id="DBCC9E85660AFFD8FF38E65B8796FEA6" box="[199,389,258,285]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">USNM 1130751</specimenCode>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AEF81C660AFFD8FE6CE65B843AFEA6" box="[403,553,259,285]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Staten Island</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EB56025660AFFD8FDC8E65B84D5FEA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12:8EB56025660AFFD8FDC8E65B84D5FEA6" box="[567,710,259,285]" latitude="-54.7308" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-64.2267" municipality="South Atlantic" name="Puerto Roca" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Staten Island">Puerto Roca</location>
,
<location id="8EB56025660AFFD8FD2CE65B8587FEA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12:8EB56025660AFFD8FD2CE65B8587FEA6" box="[723,916,259,285]" latitude="-54.7308" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-64.2267" municipality="South Atlantic" name="Tierra del Fuego" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Staten Island">Tierra del Fuego</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1AC84660AFFD8FC5DE65B825AFEA6" box="[930,1097,259,285]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">South Atlantic</collectingMunicipality>
.
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5039660AFFD8FBA9E65A82D7FEA6" box="[1110,1220,258,285]" degrees="54.7308" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="5" value="-54.7308">−54.7308</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5039660AFFD8FB2EE65B832CFEA6" box="[1233,1343,259,285]" degrees="64.2267" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="5" value="-64.2267">−64.2267</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD77660AFFD8FAB3E65B838EFEA6" box="[1356,1437,259,285]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="male">
<quantity id="4C929B1B660AFFD8FAB3E65B838BFEA6" box="[1356,1432,259,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.12" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="712.0">712 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Coll.
<collectorName id="269F5328660AFFD8FF2AE67F8754FEFB" box="[213,327,295,321]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
R/V
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC660AFFD8FEF4E67F8754FEFB" box="[267,327,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Hero</emphasis>
</collectorName>
.
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD77660AFFD8FEAEE67F874CFEFA" box="[337,351,295,321]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">1</specimenCount>
dry spec.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE660AFFD8FF38E61385CEFE16" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA3660AFFD8FF38E61385CEFE16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000323" collectingDate="1967-01-15" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="R / V Eltanin" country="Antarctica" elevation="145" latitude="-72.308" location="Moubray Bay" longLatPrecision="58" longitude="170.425" municipality="Southern Ocean" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="USNM 1418098" specimenCount="7" stateProvince="Cape Hallett">
<specimenCode id="DBCC9E85660AFFD8FF38E6138796FEDE" box="[199,389,331,357]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">USNM 1418098</specimenCode>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AEF81C660AFFD8FE6EE6138432FEDE" box="[401,545,331,357]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Cape Hallett</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EB56025660AFFD8FDD2E61384DAFEDE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12:8EB56025660AFFD8FDD2E61384DAFEDE" box="[557,713,331,357]" country="Antarctica" latitude="-72.308" longLatPrecision="58" longitude="170.425" municipality="Southern Ocean" name="Moubray Bay" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Cape Hallett">Moubray Bay</location>
,
<location id="8EB56025660AFFD8FD2BE6138561FEDE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12:8EB56025660AFFD8FD2BE6138561FEDE" box="[724,882,331,357]" country="Antarctica" latitude="-72.308" longLatPrecision="58" longitude="170.425" municipality="Southern Ocean" name="Victoria Land" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Cape Hallett">Victoria Land</location>
,
<location id="8EB56025660AFFD8FC81E61385FBFEDE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12:8EB56025660AFFD8FC81E61385FBFEDE" box="[894,1000,331,357]" country="Antarctica" latitude="-72.308" longLatPrecision="58" longitude="170.425" municipality="Southern Ocean" name="Ross Sea" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Cape Hallett">Ross Sea</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1AC84660AFFD8FC0BE61382B8FEDE" box="[1012,1195,331,357]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Southern Ocean</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E660AFFD8FB4AE613833EFEDE" box="[1205,1325,331,357]" name="Antarctica" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5039660AFFD8FAC7E613838BFEDE" box="[1336,1432,331,357]" degrees="72.308" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="-72.308">−72.308</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5039660AFFD8FF68E63686E6FE32" box="[151,245,366,393]" degrees="170.425" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="170.425">170.425</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C929B1B660AFFD8FEFEE6378795FE32" box="[257,390,367,393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4449999999999998" metricValueMax="1.46" metricValueMin="1.43" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="144.5" valueMax="146.0" valueMin="143.0">
<elevation id="0047D1CD660AFFD8FEFEE6378795FE32" box="[257,390,367,393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4449999999999998" metricValueMax="1.46" metricValueMin="1.43" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="144.5" valueMax="146.0" valueMin="143.0">143−146 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. Coll.
<collectorName id="269F5328660AFFD8FE2FE637844BFE32" box="[464,600,367,393]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
R/V
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC660AFFD8FDF9E637844BFE32" box="[518,600,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Eltanin</emphasis>
</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFD4103E660AFFD8FD97E63684E8FE32" box="[616,763,366,393]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1967-01-15">
<collectingDate id="EF90E9D6660AFFD8FD97E63684E8FE32" box="[616,763,366,393]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1967-01-15">15 Jan. 1967</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD77660AFFD8FCF9E6378507FE32" box="[774,788,367,393]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">7</specimenCount>
dry specs. R=6.5 r=1.7, R=4.7 r=1.4 R=3.6 r=1.1, R=2.5 r=0.8 R=2.7 r=1.0 (six arms), R=2.8 r=0.9 (with molt in gut), R=3.7 r=1.0.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE660AFFD8FF38E6EF8431FDA2" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA3660AFFD8FF38E6EF8431FDA2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000335" collectingDate="1964-03-15" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="R / V Eltanin" country="Antarctica" elevation="215" latitude="-62.683" location="Antarctic Peninsula" longLatPrecision="60" longitude="-54.717" municipality="Southern Ocean" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="USNM 1136644" specimenCount="5">
<specimenCode id="DBCC9E85660AFFD8FF38E6EF8796FE6A" box="[199,389,439,465]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">USNM 1136644</specimenCode>
,
<location id="8EB56025660AFFD8FE6FE6EF8462FE6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12:8EB56025660AFFD8FE6FE6EF8462FE6A" box="[400,625,439,465]" country="Antarctica" latitude="-62.683" longLatPrecision="60" longitude="-54.717" municipality="Southern Ocean" name="Antarctic Peninsula" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Antarctic Peninsula</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1AC84660AFFD8FD82E6EF8526FE6A" box="[637,821,439,465]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Southern Ocean</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E660AFFD8FCBFE6EF85ABFE6A" box="[832,952,439,465]" name="Antarctica" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5039660AFFD8FC3AE6EF8237FE6A" box="[965,1060,439,465]" degrees="62.683" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="-62.683">−62.683</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5039660AFFD8FBCEE6EE8283FE6A" box="[1073,1168,438,465]" degrees="54.717" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="-54.717">−54.717</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C929B1B660AFFD8FB61E6EF8332FE6A" box="[1182,1313,439,465]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="215.0" valueMax="220.0" valueMin="210.0">
<elevation id="0047D1CD660AFFD8FB61E6EF8332FE6A" box="[1182,1313,439,465]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="215.0" valueMax="220.0" valueMin="210.0">210–220 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. Coll.
<collectorName id="269F5328660AFFD8FA91E6EF86FAFE4E" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
R/V
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC660AFFD8FF68E68386FAFE4E" box="[151,233,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Eltanin</emphasis>
</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFD4103E660AFFD8FF06E68287B9FE4E" box="[249,426,474,501]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1964-03-15">
<collectingDate id="EF90E9D6660AFFD8FF06E68287B9FE4E" box="[249,426,474,501]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1964-03-15">15 March 1964</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD77660AFFD8FE49E68387D7FE4E" box="[438,452,475,501]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4</specimenCount>
dry specs. R=~12.0 r=3.3, R=7.7 r=2.1, R=10.3 r=2.5 (
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD77660AFFD8FBC2E68382BAFE4E" box="[1085,1193,475,501]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
fragmented), R=10.7 r=3.5 (with crinoid ossicles in gut).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE660AFFD8FF38E57B8353FDDA" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA3660AFFD8FF38E57B8353FDDA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000310" collectingDate="1968-01-10" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="R / V Eltanin" country="Antarctica" elevation="526" latitude="-72.008" location="Victoria Land" longLatPrecision="58" longitude="172.508" municipality="Southern Ocean" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="USNM 1676717" specimenCount="5">
<specimenCode id="DBCC9E85660AFFD8FF38E57B8795FD86" box="[199,390,547,573]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">USNM 1676717</specimenCode>
,
<location id="8EB56025660AFFD8FE6DE57B8423FD86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12:8EB56025660AFFD8FE6DE57B8423FD86" box="[402,560,547,573]" country="Antarctica" latitude="-72.008" longLatPrecision="58" longitude="172.508" municipality="Southern Ocean" name="Victoria Land" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Victoria Land</location>
,
<location id="8EB56025660AFFD8FDC1E57B84BBFD86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86609FFD8FF68E05582B4FD12:8EB56025660AFFD8FDC1E57B84BBFD86" box="[574,680,547,573]" country="Antarctica" latitude="-72.008" longLatPrecision="58" longitude="172.508" municipality="Southern Ocean" name="Ross Sea" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ross Sea</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1AC84660AFFD8FD4AE57B857FFD86" box="[693,876,547,573]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Southern Ocean</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E660AFFD8FC87E57B85E3FD86" box="[888,1008,547,573]" name="Antarctica" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
.
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5039660AFFD8FC03E57B8248FD86" box="[1020,1115,547,573]" degrees="72.008" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="-72.008">−72.008</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5039660AFFD8FB96E57A82D4FD86" box="[1129,1223,546,573]" degrees="172.508" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="172.508">172.508</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C929B1B660AFFD8FB2CE57A834AFD86" box="[1235,1369,546,573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.255" metricValueMax="5.279999999999999" metricValueMin="5.2299999999999995" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="525.5" valueMax="528.0" valueMin="523.0">
<elevation id="0047D1CD660AFFD8FB2CE57A834AFD86" box="[1235,1369,546,573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.255" metricValueMax="5.279999999999999" metricValueMin="5.2299999999999995" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="525.5" valueMax="528.0" valueMin="523.0">523−528 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. Coll.
<collectorName id="269F5328660AFFD8FF68E51F870DFDDA" box="[151,286,583,609]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
R/V
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC660AFFD8FF33E51F870DFDDA" box="[204,286,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Eltanin</emphasis>
</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFD4103E660AFFD8FED2E51F87ADFDDA" box="[301,446,583,609]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1968-01-10">
<collectingDate id="EF90E9D6660AFFD8FED2E51F87ADFDDA" box="[301,446,583,609]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1968-01-10">10 Jan. 1968</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD77660AFFD8FE36E51E87C4FDDA" box="[457,471,582,609]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">5</specimenCount>
dry specs. R=2.8 r=0.9, R=1.1 r=0.4, R=0.9 r=0.3. R=1.1 r=0.4, R=0.5 r=0.2.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE660AFFD8FF38E53382B4FD12" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA3660AFFD8FF38E53382B0FD12" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000374" collectingDate="2004-06-30" collectionCode="CASIZ" collectorName="Lockhart &amp; Mooi &amp; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer" elevation="169" latitude="-54.490334" location="South Atlantic" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-3.2383332" municipality="South Atlantic" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="CASIZ 174645" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bouvetoya">
<specimenCode id="DBCC9E85660AFFD8FF38E533876BFD3E" box="[199,376,618,645]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">CASIZ 174645</specimenCode>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AEF81C660AFFD8FE79E5338411FD3E" box="[390,514,619,645]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Bouvetoya</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1AC84660AFFD8FDF0E53384A6FD3E" box="[527,693,619,645]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">South Atlantic</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5039660AFFD8FD3CE5328549FD3E" box="[707,858,618,645]" degrees="54.4903333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="1" value="-54.490334">−54.4903333</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5039660AFFD8FC97E53385E1FD3E" box="[872,1010,619,645]" degrees="3.2383333" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="1" value="-3.2383332">−3.2383333</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C929B1B660AFFD8FC00E5338296FD3E" box="[1023,1157,619,645]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" metricValueMax="1.72" metricValueMin="1.66" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="169.0" valueMax="172.0" valueMin="166.0">
<elevation id="0047D1CD660AFFD8FC00E5338296FD3E" box="[1023,1157,619,645]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" metricValueMax="1.72" metricValueMin="1.66" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="169.0" valueMax="172.0" valueMin="166.0">166−172 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. Coll.
<collectorName id="269F5328660AFFD8FB2DE5338324FD3E" box="[1234,1335,619,645]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Lockhart</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="269F5328660AFFD8FA9FE533838EFD3E" box="[1376,1437,619,645]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Mooi</collectorName>
aboard R
<collectorName id="269F5328660AFFD8FF02E5D78415FD12" box="[253,518,655,681]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
/V
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC660AFFD8FEDFE5D78415FD12" box="[288,518,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Nathaniel B. Palmer</emphasis>
</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFD4103E660AFFD8FDEAE5D784BDFD12" box="[533,686,655,681]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2004-06-30">
<collectingDate id="EF90E9D6660AFFD8FDEAE5D784BDFD12" box="[533,686,655,681]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2004-06-30">30 June 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD77660AFFD8FD47E5D784D5FD12" box="[696,710,655,681]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">1</specimenCount>
wet spec. R=3.1 r=1.0 (with gut contents)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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