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<document id="59ADDC7851ADA0EDD90423B6A85063B3" ID-CLB-Dataset="254440" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5270.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ec485338-4b66-4557-be6c-b53ac23a4678" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7860353" ID-ZooBank="D3EE46BD-0755-4730-AF3C-ACD92085311A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1682061938543" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Valdés, Ángel, Feliciano, Kendall &amp; Malaquias, Manuel A. E." docDate="2023" docId="03C38798FF8846678ED72F7B44A7F86B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5270.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5270 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5270.3.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pupa solidula" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="479" masterDocId="FFFAFFE0FF8D466F8E402C1C413AFFB6" masterDocTitle="The genus Pupa Röding, 1798 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Acteonidae) in New Caledonia with notes on Recent species" masterLastPageNumber="506" masterPageNumber="471" pageNumber="476" updateTime="1699514729445" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C24FABCCB9B8009430018A633AC64869">The genus Pupa Röding, 1798 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Acteonidae) in New Caledonia with notes on Recent species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F091B613EF141F841B4B71A5FC951381">Valdés, Ángel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6388D93C2F5C842885ECCA24FFB13C0B">Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, California 91768, USA. &amp; aavaldes @ cpp. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2347 - 4896</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="77BFCB57F4F8868A7655C2E58B74F871">Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, California 91768, USA. &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0536 - 2628</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="B2970DBF51C032835053EB6B1556B3E9">Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, PB 7800, N- 5020 Bergen, Norway. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9668 - 945 X</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF88466A8ED72F7B432CFC36" ID-CoL="4QJKJ" ID-ENA="259633" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,534,870,897]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF88466A8ED72F7B432CFC36" bold="true" box="[151,534,870,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF88466A8ED72F7B4004FC37" bold="true" box="[151,318,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Pupa solidula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF88466A8F0F2F7A4334FC36" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[335,526,870,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" refId="ref24816" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1. Editio Decima, Reformata [10 th Revised Edition]. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8BD5368EFF88466A8ED72F9740BCFC13" blockId="5.[151,534,870,933]" box="[151,390,906,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">
(
<figureCitation id="13512A0BFF88466A8EDF2F974039FC13" box="[159,259,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1762]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1436,181,1762]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of live animals from Koumac, New Caledonia, dorsal view. A. Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758), MHNH IM-2013-86155. B–C. Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791), (B) MHNH IM-2013-86145, (C) MHNH IM-2013-86160. D. Pupa nitidula (Lamarck, 1822), MHNH IM-2013-86157. E. Pupa coccinata (Reeve, 1842), MHNH IM-2013-86143. F. Pupa affinis (A. Adams, 1855), MNHN IM-2013-86144. G. Pupa charlesi sp. nov., MHNH IM-2013-86159." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860362/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13512A0BFF88466A8F4F2F974024FC13" box="[271,286,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,776,800]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,752]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1436,181,752]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of shell specimens of Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758), ventral view. A. Specimen from Koumac, New Caledonia (MHNH IM-2013-86155). B. Specimen from Koumac, New Caledonia (MHNH IM-2013-86164). C. Neotype of Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758) (MHNH IM-2013-86152). D. Specimen from Koumac, New Caledonia (MHNH IM-2013- 86163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860366/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13512A0BFF88466A8F6B2F97406AFC13" box="[299,336,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,932,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-75@7.[151,1436,932,1500]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the opercula of specimens from Koumac, New Caledonia. A. Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758), MNHN IM-2013-86152. B. Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791), MHNH IM-2013-86146. C. Pupa nitidula (Lamarck, 1822), MNHN IM-2013-86157. D. Pupa coccinata (Reeve, 1842), MHNH IM-2013-86143. E. Pupa affinis (A. Adams, 1855), MNHN IM- 2013-86144. F. Pupa charlesi sp. nov., MNHN IM-2013-86158." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860368/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">4A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13512A0BFF88466A8F1B2F964044FC13" box="[347,382,906,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,181,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[179,1409,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photographs of the male reproductive organs of specimens from Koumac, New Caledonia. A. Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758), MNHN IM-2013-86155. B. Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791), MHNH IM-2013-86146. C. Pupa nitidula (Lamarck, 1822), MNHN IM-2013-86157. D. Pupa coccinata (Reeve, 1842), MHNH IM-2013-86143. E. Pupa affinis (A. Adams, 1855), MNHN IM-2013-86144. F. Pupa charlesi sp. nov., MNHN IM-2013-86154." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860370/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">5A</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF88466A8ED72FD34308FC51" ID-CoL="NTWR" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 728 - 729" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="728 - 729" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,562,975,999]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF88466A8ED72FD3401CFC51" box="[151,294,975,999]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Bulla solidula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF88466A8F6C2FD34308FC51" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[300,562,975,999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" refId="ref24816" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1. Editio Decima, Reformata [10 th Revised Edition]. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 728–729</bibRefCitation>
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. 
<typeStatus id="54D1882CFF88466A8C7B2FCC4357FC5E" box="[571,621,976,1000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Type</typeStatus>
locality: undetermined.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5368EFF88466A8ED72FF34220FBB0" blockId="5.[151,896,975,1061]" box="[151,794,1006,1032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF88466A8ED72FF3401CFBB0" ID-CoL="4QJFH" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[151,294,1006,1030]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="grisebla">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF88466A8ED72FF3401CFBB0" box="[151,294,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Pupa grisebla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R̂ding, 1798: 110. 
<typeStatus id="54D1882CFF88466A8FB52FF2431DFBB0" box="[501,551,1006,1030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Type</typeStatus>
locality: undetermined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5368EFF88466A8ED7281042BAFB92" blockId="5.[151,896,975,1061]" box="[151,896,1036,1061]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7A11A0FF88466A8ED7281042BAFB92" box="[151,896,1036,1061]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACB109FFF88466A8ED728104368FB93" author="Schumacher, C. F." box="[151,594,1036,1061]" page="234" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" year="1817">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF88466A8ED728104368FB93" ID-CoL="33X6F" authority="Schumacher, 1817: 234" authorityName="Schumacher" authorityPageNumber="234" authorityYear="1817" box="[151,594,1036,1061]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Dactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF88466A8ED728104061FB92" box="[151,347,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Dactylus punctatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF88466A8F2028104368FB93" author="Schumacher, C. F." box="[352,594,1036,1061]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" refId="ref26509" refString="Schumacher, C. F. (1817) Essai d'un Nouveau Systeme des Habitations des Vers Testaces Avec XXII Planches. Schultz, Copenhagen, 2 (unnumbered) + 287 pp., 22 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35863" type="book" year="1817">Schumacher, 1817: 234</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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. 
<typeStatus id="54D1882CFF88466A8C1C281143B4FB93" box="[604,654,1037,1061]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Type</typeStatus>
locality: undetermined.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3706505FF8846688ED7284F44A7F82E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="478" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD5368EFF88466A8ED7284F454FFB03" blockId="5.[151,1437,1106,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF88466A8ED7284F4007FBDA" bold="true" box="[151,317,1106,1133]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Type material</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF88466A8F0A284F40DDFBDB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[330,487,1107,1133]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF88466A8F0A284F40DDFBDB" box="[330,487,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Bulla solidula</emphasis>
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, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF88466A8FB4284F43A8FBDB" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[500,658,1107,1133]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="grisebla">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF88466A8FB4284F43A8FBDB" box="[500,658,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Pupa grisebla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B023CD3FF88466A8CDF284F454BFB03" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4089552307" collectingDate="2018-09-29" collectionCode="MNHN" country="New Caledonia" latitude="-20.563334" location="Strait of Baron" longLatPrecision="126" longitude="164.17166" municipality="Koumac" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" specimenCode="IM-2013-86152" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF88466A8C8D284F429EFBDA" authorityName="Schumacher" authorityYear="1817" box="[717,932,1107,1133]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Dactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF88466A8C8D284F429EFBDA" box="[717,932,1107,1133]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Dactylus punctatus</emphasis>
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—original type material untraceable, 
<typeStatus id="54D1882CFF88466A8B04284F44A7FBDB" box="[1348,1437,1107,1133]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
(here designated), 
<quantity id="4C929B6BFF88466A8F2E286B40FBFB27" box="[366,449,1143,1169]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
long (shell) (
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE4BFF88466A8C22286B4383FB27" box="[610,697,1143,1169]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">MNHN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBCC9EF5FF88466A8C84286A4240FB27" box="[708,890,1142,1169]" collectionCode="IM-" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">IM-2013-86152</specimenCode>
, isolate KF70), 
<location id="8EB56055FF88466A8A77286B45D2FB27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C38798FF8846678ED72F7B44A7F86B:8EB56055FF88466A8A77286B45D2FB27" box="[1079,1256,1143,1169]" country="New Caledonia" latitude="-20.563334" longLatPrecision="126" longitude="164.17166" municipality="Koumac" name="Strait of Baron" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Strait of Baron</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1ACF4FF88466A8AB7286B4463FB27" box="[1271,1369,1143,1169]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Koumac</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37D761EFF88466A8B27286B4033FB03" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5049FF88466A8F58288040B3FB01" box="[280,393,1180,1207]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="33.8" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" precision="92" value="-20.563334">20°33.8′S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5049FF88466A8FD528804329FB01" box="[405,531,1180,1207]" degrees="164" direction="east" minutes="10.3" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" precision="92" value="164.17166">164°10.3′E</geoCoordinate>
) [Koumac 2.1 stn. KR644, soft bottom], 
<date id="FFD4104EFF88466A8DA12887454BFB03" box="[993,1137,1179,1205]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" value="2018-09-29">
<collectingDate id="EF90E9A6FF88466A8DA12887454BFB03" box="[993,1137,1179,1205]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" value="2018-09-29">29 Sep 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5368EFF88466A8E8728A24061FA63" blockId="5.[151,1437,1106,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF88466A8E8728A24097FB6E" bold="true" box="[199,429,1214,1240]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Material examined</emphasis>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B023CD3FF88466A8FFF28A343DFFA97" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4089552343" collectingDate="2018-09-03" collectingDateMax="2019-10-28" collectingDateMin="2018-09-03" collectionCode="MNHN" country="New Caledonia" county="Strait of Koumac" elevation="14" latitude="-20.6" location="Interior" longLatPrecision="929" longitude="164.24834" municipality="Great Reef of Koumac" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" specimenCode="IM-2013-86155, IM-2013-86162" specimenCount="2">
<location id="8EB56055FF88466A8FFF28A34329FB6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C38798FF8846678ED72F7B44A7F86B:8EB56055FF88466A8FFF28A34329FB6F" box="[447,531,1215,1241]" country="New Caledonia" county="Strait of Koumac" latitude="-20.6" longLatPrecision="929" longitude="164.24834" municipality="Great Reef of Koumac" name="Interior" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Interior</location>
of the 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1ACF4FF88466A8C2D28A34240FB6F" box="[621,890,1215,1241]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Great Reef of Koumac</collectingMunicipality>
, next to the 
<collectingCounty id="62B44E02FF88466A8A5128A345E6FB6F" box="[1041,1244,1215,1241]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Strait of Koumac</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37D761EFF88466A8AAB28A344A7FB6F" box="[1259,1437,1215,1241]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5049FF88466A8EE028F8402BFB49" box="[160,273,1252,1279]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="39.1" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" precision="92" value="-20.651667">20°39.1′S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5049FF88466A8F5E28F8409AFB49" box="[286,416,1252,1279]" degrees="164" direction="east" minutes="13.4" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" precision="92" value="164.22333">164°13.4′E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<elevation id="0047D1BDFF88466A8FF428FE4365FB4B" box="[436,607,1250,1277]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" unit="m" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">
<quantity id="4C929B6BFF88466A8FF428FE4323FB4B" box="[436,537,1250,1277]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" unit="m" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
[Koumac 2.1 stn. KR601, coarse sand], 
<date id="FFD4104EFF88466A8A7228FF458CFB4B" box="[1074,1206,1251,1277]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" value="2018-09-03">
<collectingDate id="EF90E9A6FF88466A8A7228FF458CFB4B" box="[1074,1206,1251,1277]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" value="2018-09-03">3 Sep 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD07FF88466A8A8328FF447EFB4B" box="[1219,1348,1251,1277]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4C929B6BFF88466A8B0C28FF44A7FB4B" box="[1356,1437,1251,1277]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
long (shell) (
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE4BFF88466A8F66291B4047FA97" box="[294,381,1287,1313]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">MNHN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBCC9EF5FF88466A8FC4291A4300FA97" box="[388,570,1286,1313]" collectionCode="IM-" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">IM-2013-86155</specimenCode>
, isolate KF65).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B023CD3FF88466A8CAC291B4407FAF3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4089552336" collectingDate="2018-09-03" collectingDateMax="2019-10-28" collectingDateMin="2018-09-03" collectionCode="MNHN" country="New Caledonia" county="Strait of Koumac" elevation="14" latitude="-20.6" location="Interior" longLatPrecision="929" longitude="164.24834" municipality="Great Reef of Koumac" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" specimenCode="IM-2013-86155, IM-2013-86162" specimenCount="2">
Koumac lagoon, 
<collectingCountry id="F37D761EFF88466A8DEC291B4563FA97" box="[940,1113,1287,1313]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5049FF88466A8A28291445FFFA95" box="[1128,1221,1288,1315]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" precision="925" value="-20.6">20°36′S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5049FF88466A8A902914446BFA95" box="[1232,1361,1288,1315]" degrees="164" direction="east" minutes="14.9" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" precision="92" value="164.24834">164°14.9′E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<elevation id="0047D1BDFF88466A8B25291B41EFFAF3" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" unit="m" value="11.0">
<quantity id="4C929B6BFF88466A8B25291B44A6FA97" box="[1381,1436,1287,1313]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
[Koumac 2.3 stn. KD502], 
<date id="FFD4104EFF88466A8C5329374398FAF3" box="[531,674,1323,1349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" value="2019-10-28">
<collectingDate id="EF90E9A6FF88466A8C5329374398FAF3" box="[531,674,1323,1349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" value="2019-10-28">28 Oct 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD07FF88466A8CEE29374214FAF3" box="[686,814,1323,1349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4C929B6BFF88466A8D76293742BCFAF3" box="[822,902,1323,1349]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
long (shell) (
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE4BFF88466A8A5E2937454FFAF3" box="[1054,1141,1323,1349]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">MNHN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBCC9EF5FF88466A8A3D2937440CFAF3" box="[1149,1334,1323,1349]" collectionCode="IM-" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">IM-2013-86162</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B023CD3FF88466A8B08293742A4FA3B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4089552301" collectingDate="2019-11-01" collectionCode="MNHN" country="New Caledonia" elevation="10" latitude="-20.653334" location="Interior" longLatPrecision="126" longitude="164.225" municipality="Great Reef of Koumac" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" specimenCode="IM-2013-86163" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EB56055FF88466A8B08293744A6FAF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C38798FF8846678ED72F7B44A7F86B:8EB56055FF88466A8B08293744A6FAF3" box="[1352,1436,1323,1349]" country="New Caledonia" latitude="-20.653334" longLatPrecision="126" longitude="164.225" municipality="Great Reef of Koumac" name="Interior" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Interior</location>
of the 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB1ACF4FF88466A8EA1295340DDFADF" box="[225,487,1359,1385]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Great Reef of Koumac</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F37D761EFF88466A8FB329534398FADF" box="[499,674,1359,1385]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5049FF88466A8CF2294C421EFADD" box="[690,804,1360,1387]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="39.2" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" precision="92" value="-20.653334">20°39.2′S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5049FF88466A8D71294C4288FADD" box="[817,946,1360,1387]" degrees="164" direction="east" minutes="13.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" precision="92" value="164.225">164°13.5′E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<elevation id="0047D1BDFF88466A8D8729534571FADF" box="[967,1099,1359,1385]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" unit="m" value="10.0">
<quantity id="4C929B6BFF88466A8D872953453BFADF" box="[967,1025,1359,1385]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, [Koumac 2.3 stn. KD516], 
<date id="FFD4104EFF88466A8BCE29534030FA3B" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" value="2019-11-01">
<collectingDate id="EF90E9A6FF88466A8BCE29534030FA3B" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" value="2019-11-01">1 Nov 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD07FF88466A8F55296F40AEFA3B" box="[277,404,1395,1421]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4C929B6BFF88466A8FDB296F40D0FA3B" box="[411,490,1395,1421]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
long (shell) (
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE4BFF88466A8CC0296F43EDFA3B" box="[640,727,1395,1421]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">MNHN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBCC9EF5FF88466A8C9E296F42ADFA3B" box="[734,919,1395,1421]" collectionCode="IM-" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">IM-2013-86163</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B023CD3FF88466A8DE9296F406DFA63" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4089552321" collectingDate="2019-11-19" collectionCode="MNHN" country="New Caledonia" elevation="12" latitude="-20.73" location="Koumac" longLatPrecision="126" longitude="164.27333" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" specimenCode="IM-2013-86164" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EB56055FF88466A8DE9296F4532FA3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C38798FF8846678ED72F7B44A7F86B:8EB56055FF88466A8DE9296F4532FA3B" box="[937,1032,1395,1421]" country="New Caledonia" latitude="-20.73" longLatPrecision="126" longitude="164.27333" name="Koumac" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Koumac</location>
lagoon, 
<collectingCountry id="F37D761EFF88466A8A29296F442DFA3B" box="[1129,1303,1395,1421]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5049FF88466A8B66296844ADFA39" box="[1318,1431,1396,1423]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="43.8" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" precision="92" value="-20.73">20°43.8′S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE5E5049FF88466A8ED729844023FA05" box="[151,281,1432,1459]" degrees="164" direction="east" minutes="16.4" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" precision="92" value="164.27333">164°16.4′E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<elevation id="0047D1BDFF88466A8F6E298B40E7FA07" box="[302,477,1431,1457]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" unit="m" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">
<quantity id="4C929B6BFF88466A8F6E298B40A9FA07" box="[302,403,1431,1457]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" unit="m" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">11–12 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, [Koumac 2.3 stn. KD578], 
<date id="FFD4104EFF88466A8D65298B4285FA07" box="[805,959,1431,1457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" value="2019-11-19">
<collectingDate id="EF90E9A6FF88466A8D65298B4285FA07" box="[805,959,1431,1457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" value="2019-11-19">19 Nov 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD07FF88466A8D8D298B4574FA07" box="[973,1102,1431,1457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4C929B6BFF88466A8A17298B4592FA07" box="[1111,1192,1431,1457]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
long (shell) (
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE4BFF88466A8B05298B44A6FA07" box="[1349,1436,1431,1457]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">MNHN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBCC9EF5FF88466A8ED729A7406AFA63" box="[151,336,1467,1493]" collectionCode="IM-" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">IM-2013-86164</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5368EFF88466A8E8729C343D9F847" blockId="5.[151,1437,1106,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF88466A8E8729C340FDFA4F" bold="true" box="[199,455,1503,1529]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">External morphology</emphasis>
. Body oval, about the same width throughout (
<figureCitation id="13512A0BFF88466A8D9229C34516FA4F" box="[978,1068,1503,1529]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1786,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1762]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1436,181,1762]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of live animals from Koumac, New Caledonia, dorsal view. A. Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758), MHNH IM-2013-86155. B–C. Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791), (B) MHNH IM-2013-86145, (C) MHNH IM-2013-86160. D. Pupa nitidula (Lamarck, 1822), MHNH IM-2013-86157. E. Pupa coccinata (Reeve, 1842), MHNH IM-2013-86143. F. Pupa affinis (A. Adams, 1855), MNHN IM-2013-86144. G. Pupa charlesi sp. nov., MHNH IM-2013-86159." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860362/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Cephalic shield deeply notched longitudinally, with two elongate posterior extensions covering anterior end of shell. Foot extending beyond cephalic shield laterally. Body color translucent white, with opaque white dots scattered all over dorsal surface of cephalic shield, foot. Shell solid, narrow to oval, elongate (
<figureCitation id="13512A0BFF88466A8C9F2A57421FF9D3" box="[735,805,1611,1637]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,776,800]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,752]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1436,181,752]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of shell specimens of Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758), ventral view. A. Specimen from Koumac, New Caledonia (MHNH IM-2013-86155). B. Specimen from Koumac, New Caledonia (MHNH IM-2013-86164). C. Neotype of Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758) (MHNH IM-2013-86152). D. Specimen from Koumac, New Caledonia (MHNH IM-2013- 86163)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860366/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), widest at mid-length, sides convex, rounded anterior end. Body whorl large, about 6/7–7/8 of total length. Spire elongate, conical, with four whorls. Suture channeled. Aperture elongate, wider anteriorly, narrowing abruptly towards posterior end, ending at 1/7 of the posterior end of first whorl. Columellar margin thickened, slightly oblique, with single large, channeled anterior fold starting at anterior end of aperture. Apex of all specimens examined damaged, protoconch not observed. Sculpture composed of numerous punctuated spiral grooves. Punctuations conspicuous, irregular, oval, situated next to each other, fused, within each groove. Grooves separated by gaps wider than grooves. Shell color white (orange-brown in 
<collectingCountry id="F37D761EFF88466A8B272B3F4033F8D7" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
species as they are covered with fine silt), checkered with dark grey to black, square to oval patches, situated on gaps between punctuated spiral grooves all over shell. Irregular white pigment among some of the dark patches. One band on body whorl with smaller patches in some specimens. Posterior whorls orange-brown with no dark patches. Punctuated spiral grooves often edged in orange-red. Operculum translucent to ochre, oval to elongate, with faint longitudinal striations (
<figureCitation id="13512A0BFF88466A8C3B2BCB43ECF847" box="[635,726,2007,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,932,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-75@7.[151,1436,932,1500]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of the opercula of specimens from Koumac, New Caledonia. A. Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758), MNHN IM-2013-86152. B. Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791), MHNH IM-2013-86146. C. Pupa nitidula (Lamarck, 1822), MNHN IM-2013-86157. D. Pupa coccinata (Reeve, 1842), MHNH IM-2013-86143. E. Pupa affinis (A. Adams, 1855), MNHN IM- 2013-86144. F. Pupa charlesi sp. nov., MNHN IM-2013-86158." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860368/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF156606FF8B46698ED72AE6458AF8C8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860362" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7860362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860362/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" startId="6.[151,250,1786,1810]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1762]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD5368EFF8B46698ED72AE6458AF8C8" blockId="6.[151,1436,1786,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8B46698ED72AE6402AF8A4" bold="true" box="[151,272,1786,1810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. Photographs of live animals from Koumac, New Caledonia, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8B46698A682AE6457BF8A4" bold="true" box="[1064,1089,1786,1810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8B46698A0B2AE744A3F8A4" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1099,1433,1786,1810]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8B46698A0B2AE745E6F8A4" box="[1099,1244,1786,1810]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Pupa solidula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8B46698AAC2AE644ABF8A4" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[1260,1425,1786,1810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" refId="ref24816" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1. Editio Decima, Reformata [10 th Revised Edition]. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, MHNH IM-2013-86155. 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8B46698FDF2B0240F5F880" bold="true" box="[415,463,1822,1846]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">B–C</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8B46698F9E2B03422BF880" authority="(Gmelin, 1791)" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[478,785,1822,1846]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8B46698F9E2B03435CF880" box="[478,614,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Pupa sulcata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8B46698C362B024233F880" author="Gmelin, J. F." box="[630,777,1822,1846]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" pagination="3021 - 3910" refId="ref23261" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linne Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species cum Characteribus, Differentis, Synonymus, Locis. 13 th Edition. Vol. 1. Part 6. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig], 889 pp. [3021 - 3910]." type="book chapter" year="1791">Gmelin, 1791</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, (B) MHNH IM-2013-86145, (C) MHNH IM-2013-86160. 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8B46698BC42B0244ACF880" bold="true" box="[1412,1430,1822,1846]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">D</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8B46698ED72B5F40EDF8EC" authority="(Lamarck, 1822)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[151,471,1858,1882]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nitidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8B46698ED72B5F4019F8EC" box="[151,291,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Pupa nitidula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8B46698F712B5E40EAF8EC" author="Lamarck, J. - B." box="[305,464,1858,1882]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" refId="ref24655" refString="Lamarck, J. - B. (1822) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Sans Vertebres, Presentant les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de Ces Animaux, Leur Distribution, Leurs Classes, Leurs Familles, Leurs Genres, et la Citation des Principales Especes que s'y Rapportent; Precedee d'une Introduction Offrant la Determination des Caracteres Essentiels de l'Animal, sa Distinction du Vegetal et des Autres Corps Naturels; Enfin, l'Exposition des Principes Fondamentaux de la Zoologie. Vol. 6. Part 2. Chez l'Auteur, Paris, 232 pp." type="book" year="1822">Lamarck, 1822</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, MHNH IM-2013-86157. 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8B46698CA62B5E43CDF8EC" bold="true" box="[742,759,1858,1882]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">E</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8B46698D442B5F4507F8EC" authority="(Reeve, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Reeve" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[772,1085,1858,1882]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coccinata">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8B46698D442B5F4299F8EC" box="[772,931,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Pupa coccinata</emphasis>
(Reeve, 1842)
</taxonomicName>
, MHNH IM-2013-86143. 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8B46698B0C2B5E4465F8EC" bold="true" box="[1356,1375,1858,1882]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">F.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8B46698B272B5F40AFF8C8" authority="(A. Adams, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="A. Adams" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8B46698B272B5F41ECF8C8" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Pupa affinis</emphasis>
(A. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8B46698F432B7A40B7F8C8" author="Adams, A." box="[259,397,1894,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" pagination="58 - 62" refId="ref21400" refString="Adams, A. (1855) Monographs of Actaeon and Solidula, two genera of gasteropodous Mollusca with descriptions of several new species from the Cumingian Collection. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1854, 58 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1854. tb 07231. x" type="journal article" year="1855">Adams, 1855</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, MNHN IM-2013-86144. 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8B46698CE12B7A438FF8C8" bold="true" box="[673,693,1894,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">G</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8B46698C822B7B4275F8C8" authority="Valdés &amp; Feliciano &amp; Malaquias, 2023" authorityName="Valdés &amp; Feliciano &amp; Malaquias" authorityYear="2023" box="[706,847,1894,1918]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="charlesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8B46698C822B7B4275F8C8" box="[706,847,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Pupa charlesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8B46698D152B7A429CF8C8" bold="true" box="[853,934,1894,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D57E7FF8B46698D152B7A429CF8C8" box="[853,934,1894,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, MHNH IM-2013-86159.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF156606FF8A46688ED72F1441DCFC3A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860366" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7860366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860366/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" startId="7.[151,250,776,800]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,752]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD5368EFF8A46688ED72F1441DCFC3A" blockId="7.[151,1437,776,908]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688ED72F14402AFC96" bold="true" box="[151,272,776,800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. Photographs of shell specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8A46688CCF2F1542E1FC96" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[655,987,776,800]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688CCF2F15421AFC96" box="[655,800,776,800]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Pupa solidula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8A46688D702F1442E9FC96" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[816,979,776,800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" refId="ref24816" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1. Editio Decima, Reformata [10 th Revised Edition]. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, ventral view. 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688A372F1445B3FC96" bold="true" box="[1143,1161,776,800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">A</emphasis>
. Specimen from Koumac, New Caledonia (MHNH IM-2013-86155). 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688C0E2F30435FFCF2" bold="true" box="[590,613,812,836]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">B.</emphasis>
Specimen from Koumac, New Caledonia (MHNH IM-2013-86164). 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688B672F304403FCF2" bold="true" box="[1319,1337,812,836]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">C</emphasis>
. Neotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8A46688EF32F4D40CCFCDE" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[179,502,848,872]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688EF32F4D4078FCDE" box="[179,322,848,872]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Pupa solidula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8A46688F102F4C40D5FCDE" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[336,495,848,872]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" refId="ref24816" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1. Editio Decima, Reformata [10 th Revised Edition]. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(MHNH IM-2013-86152). 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688D522F4C421EFCDE" bold="true" box="[786,804,848,872]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">D</emphasis>
. Specimen from Koumac, New Caledonia (MHNH IM-2013- 86163).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF156606FF8A46688ED829E84213F9CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7860368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860368/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" startId="7.[152,255,1524,1548]" targetBox="[151,1436,932,1500]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD5368EFF8A46688ED829E84213F9CE" blockId="7.[151,1436,1524,1656]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688ED829E8402FF9BA" bold="true" box="[152,277,1524,1548]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. Photographs of the opercula of specimens from Koumac, New Caledonia. 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688A6D29E8457CF9BA" bold="true" box="[1069,1094,1524,1548]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8A46688A0E29E944A3F9BA" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1102,1433,1524,1548]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688A0E29E945E4F9BA" box="[1102,1246,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Pupa solidula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8A46688AAD29E844ABF9BA" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[1261,1425,1524,1548]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" refId="ref24816" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1. Editio Decima, Reformata [10 th Revised Edition]. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, MNHN IM-2013-86152. 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688FD92A044090F986" bold="true" box="[409,426,1560,1584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">B</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8A46688FF62A0543E5F986" authority="(Gmelin, 1791)" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[438,735,1560,1584]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688FF62A054300F986" box="[438,570,1560,1584]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Pupa sulcata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8A46688C072A0443EDF986" author="Gmelin, J. F." box="[583,727,1560,1584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" pagination="3021 - 3910" refId="ref23261" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linne Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species cum Characteribus, Differentis, Synonymus, Locis. 13 th Edition. Vol. 1. Part 6. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig], 889 pp. [3021 - 3910]." type="book chapter" year="1791">Gmelin, 1791</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, MHNH IM-2013-86146. 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688DAA2A0442C6F986" bold="true" box="[1002,1020,1560,1584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">C</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8A46688A492A05447EF986" authority="(Lamarck, 1822)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[1033,1348,1560,1584]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nitidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688A492A0545A9F986" box="[1033,1171,1560,1584]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Pupa nitidula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8A46688AE02A044407F986" author="Lamarck, J. - B." box="[1184,1341,1560,1584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" refId="ref24655" refString="Lamarck, J. - B. (1822) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Sans Vertebres, Presentant les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de Ces Animaux, Leur Distribution, Leurs Classes, Leurs Familles, Leurs Genres, et la Citation des Principales Especes que s'y Rapportent; Precedee d'une Introduction Offrant la Determination des Caracteres Essentiels de l'Animal, sa Distinction du Vegetal et des Autres Corps Naturels; Enfin, l'Exposition des Principes Fondamentaux de la Zoologie. Vol. 6. Part 2. Chez l'Auteur, Paris, 232 pp." type="book" year="1822">Lamarck, 1822</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, MNHN IM-2013-86157. 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688F072A204063F9E2" bold="true" box="[327,345,1596,1620]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">D</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8A46688F282A214399F9E2" authority="(Reeve, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Reeve" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[360,675,1596,1620]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coccinata">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688F282A21433DF9E2" box="[360,519,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Pupa coccinata</emphasis>
(Reeve, 1842)
</taxonomicName>
, MHNH IM-2013-86143. 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688DF52A2042FCF9E2" bold="true" box="[949,966,1596,1620]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">E</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8A46688D942A21442EF9E2" authority="(A. Adams, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="A. Adams" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[980,1300,1596,1620]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688D942A21456AF9E2" box="[980,1104,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Pupa affinis</emphasis>
(A. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8A46688AC02A204436F9E2" author="Adams, A." box="[1152,1292,1596,1620]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" pagination="58 - 62" refId="ref21400" refString="Adams, A. (1855) Monographs of Actaeon and Solidula, two genera of gasteropodous Mollusca with descriptions of several new species from the Cumingian Collection. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1854, 58 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1854. tb 07231. x" type="journal article" year="1855">Adams, 1855</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, MNHN IM- 2013-86144. 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688F5E2A7C4017F9CE" bold="true" box="[286,301,1632,1656]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">F</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8A46688F7A2A7D40F2F9CE" authority="Valdés &amp; Feliciano &amp; Malaquias, 2023" authorityName="Valdés &amp; Feliciano &amp; Malaquias" authorityYear="2023" box="[314,456,1632,1656]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="charlesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688F7A2A7D40F2F9CE" box="[314,456,1632,1656]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Pupa charlesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688F8E2A7C4325F9CE" bold="true" box="[462,543,1632,1656]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22D57E7FF8A46688F8E2A7C4325F9CE" box="[462,543,1632,1656]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, MNHN IM-2013-86158.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD5368EFF8A46688E872ABA42A6F8C2" blockId="7.[151,1437,1702,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688E872ABA4085F976" bold="true" box="[199,447,1702,1728]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Internal morphology</emphasis>
. Reproductive system with large, elongate penis (
<figureCitation id="13512A0BFF8A46688DA12ABA4502F977" box="[993,1080,1702,1729]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,181,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-24@10.[179,1409,181,1556]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photographs of the male reproductive organs of specimens from Koumac, New Caledonia. A. Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758), MNHN IM-2013-86155. B. Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791), MHNH IM-2013-86146. C. Pupa nitidula (Lamarck, 1822), MNHN IM-2013-86157. D. Pupa coccinata (Reeve, 1842), MHNH IM-2013-86143. E. Pupa affinis (A. Adams, 1855), MNHN IM-2013-86144. F. Pupa charlesi sp. nov., MNHN IM-2013-86154." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860370/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
), otherwise indistinct. Digestive system with elongate buccal mass (
<figureCitation id="13512A0BFF8A46688C672AD643B8F952" box="[551,642,1738,1764]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,309,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-87@11.[166,1421,309,1862]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photographs of the anterior portion of the digestive system of specimens from Koumac, New Caledonia. A. Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758), MNHN IM-2013-86155. B. Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791), MHNH IM-2013-86146. C. Pupa nitidula (Lamarck, 1822), MNHN IM-2013-86157. D. Pupa coccinata (Reeve, 1842), MHNH IM-2013-86143. E. Pupa affinis (A. Adams, 1855), MNHN IM-2013-86144. F. Pupa charlesi sp. nov., MNHN IM-2013-86154." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860372/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Oral tube conical, connected to curved buccal bulb. Salivary glands, esophagus, connected on proximal end of buccal bulb. Radular formula 111 × 4.0. 
<quantity id="4C929B6BFF8A46688A0E2AF24546F8BE" box="[1102,1148,1774,1800]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
a 
<quantity id="4C929B6BFF8A46688ADC2AF245D4F8BF" box="[1180,1262,1774,1801]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
long specimen (
<collectingRegion id="49AEF86CFF8A46688EDF2B0E41CCF89A" box="[159,246,1810,1836]" country="Ireland" name="Monaghan" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">MNHN</collectingRegion>
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE4BFF8A46688F402B0E4017F89B" box="[256,301,1810,1837]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">IM-</collectionCode>
2013-86155). Lateral teeth similar in shape (
<figureCitation id="13512A0BFF8A46688D6E2B0E42B0F89A" box="[814,906,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1561,1585]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1537]" captionTargetId="figure-24@12.[151,1436,181,1537]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs of the radulae of specimens from Koumac, New Caledonia. A. Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758), MNHN IM-2013-86155. B. Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791), MHNH IM-2013-86146. C. Pupa nitidula (Lamarck, 1822), MNHN IM-2013-86157. D. Pupa coccinata (Reeve, 1842), MHNH IM-2013-86143. E. Pupa affinis (A. Adams, 1855), MNHN IM-2013-86144. F. Pupa charlesi sp. nov., MNHN IM-2013-86154." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860376/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Teeth triangular, with broad bases; elongate, curved, sharp cusp; 6–7 denticles similar to cusp in shape, shorter. Jaws with elongate elements, bearing 2–6 finger-like projections apically, normally arranged on same plane (
<figureCitation id="13512A0BFF8A46688D752B4642B5F8C2" box="[821,911,1882,1908]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of the jaw elements of specimens from Koumac, New Caledonia. A. Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758), MNHN IM-2013-86155. B. Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791), MHNH IM-2013-86146. C. Pupa nitidula (Lamarck, 1822), MNHN IM-2013-86157. D. Pupa coccinata (Reeve, 1842), MHNH IM-2013-86143. E. Pupa affinis (A. Adams, 1855), MNHN IM-2013-86144. F. Pupa charlesi sp. nov., MNHN IM-2013-86154." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7860380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7860380/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5368EFF8A46688E872B6244A7F82E" blockId="7.[151,1437,1702,2017]" box="[199,1437,1918,1945]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688E872B6240A6F82E" bold="true" box="[199,412,1918,1944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Geographic range</emphasis>
. Widespread in the tropical Indo-West Pacific region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8A46688DAE2B624599F82E" author="Rudman, W. B." box="[1006,1187,1918,1944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" refId="ref26267" refString="Rudman, W. B. (1998 a) Pupa solidula Linnaeus, 1758. Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from: http: // www. seaslugforum. net / factsheet / pupasoli / (accessed 24 June 2022)" type="url" year="1998">Rudman, 1998a</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8A46688AEC2B6244ABF82E" author="Gosliner, T. &amp; Valdes, A. &amp; Behrens, D. W." box="[1196,1425,1918,1945]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" refId="ref23324" refString="Gosliner, T., Valdes, A. &amp; Behrens, D. W. (2018) Nudibranch and Sea Slug Identification: Indo-Pacific. New World Publications Inc., Jacksonville, Florida, 451 pp." type="book" year="2018">
Gosliner 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688B522B634472F82E" box="[1298,1352,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3706505FF8A46678E872BBE44A7F86B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="479" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD5368EFF8A46678E872BBE40DCF9BF" blockId="7.[151,1437,1702,2017]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="479" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688E872BBE400EF80A" bold="true" box="[199,308,1954,1980]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Remarks</emphasis>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8A46688F052BBE433BF80B" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[325,513,1954,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" refId="ref24816" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1. Editio Decima, Reformata [10 th Revised Edition]. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus (1758)</bibRefCitation>
introduced the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8A46688D402BBE429BF80A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[768,929,1954,1980]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8A46688D402BBE429BF80A" box="[768,929,1954,1980]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">Bulla solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on an illustration by Bonanni (1681: fig. 143) and the following description: “bubble shell oblong-oval, dark striated, spire acute elevated, columella biplicated.” Linnaeus’ (1758) description clearly corresponds to the modern usage of the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678A872C8B4438FF06" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[1223,1282,151,176]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678A872C8B4438FF06" box="[1223,1282,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Pupa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it refers to the two columellar folds, but it is not detailed enough to determine to which of the currently recognized species it corresponds. The illustration by Bonanni (1681, fig. 143) is also very crude and difficult to interpret, the aperture is not visible and the teleoconch possesses 7 whorls, each with about 10 dark, narrow longitudinal stripes. This illustration resembles the characteristics of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678CC02D3B42EDFEF7" authority="(Reeve, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Reeve" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[640,983,295,321]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Acteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virgatus">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678CC02D3B420AFEF6" box="[640,816,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Acteon virgatus</emphasis>
(Reeve, 1842)
</taxonomicName>
but it is much more elongated. Bonanni (1681: 203) also included a short description: “turbo similar to the ‘Garagoo’ [= 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678A612D5741E4FE3F" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Aporrhaidae" genus="Aporrhais" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pespelecani">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678A612D574424FED3" box="[1057,1310,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Aporrhais pespelecani</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678B6D2D5741EFFE3F" author="Linnaeus, C." pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refId="ref24816" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1. Editio Decima, Reformata [10 th Revised Edition]. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
?], light-colored, rarely green.” Later, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678CD82D7342ABFE3F" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[664,913,366,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="2" refId="ref24888" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1764) Museum Ludovicae Ulricae Reginae Svecorum, Cothorum, Vandalorumque in quo Animalia Rariora, Exotica, Imprimis Insecta &amp; Conchilia Describuntur &amp; Determinatur Prodomi Istar Editum. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 6 (unnumbered) + 720 + 2 (unnumbered index) pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51532" type="journal article" year="1764">Linnaeus (1764: 590)</bibRefCitation>
provided a more detailed description of this species, including information on the color of the shell: “lined with white bands, wavy red longitudinally,” which appears consistent with the current usage of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678C3A2DAB42F3FE67" authority="(Reeve, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Reeve" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[634,969,439,465]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Acteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virgatus">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678C3A2DAB4212FE66" box="[634,808,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Acteon virgatus</emphasis>
(Reeve, 1842)
</taxonomicName>
or perhaps 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678A062DAB41E6FE43" authority="(Gmelin, 1791)" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Maxacteon" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="flammeus">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678A062DAB4409FE67" box="[1094,1331,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Maxacteon flammeus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678B002DAB41E9FE43" author="Gmelin, J. F." pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="3021 - 3910" refId="ref23261" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linne Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species cum Characteribus, Differentis, Synonymus, Locis. 13 th Edition. Vol. 1. Part 6. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig], 889 pp. [3021 - 3910]." type="book chapter" year="1791">Gmelin, 1791</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678EA72DC740EFFE43" author="Gmelin, J. F." box="[231,469,475,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="3021 - 3910" refId="ref23261" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linne Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species cum Characteribus, Differentis, Synonymus, Locis. 13 th Edition. Vol. 1. Part 6. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig], 889 pp. [3021 - 3910]." type="book chapter" year="1791">Gmelin (1791: 3437)</bibRefCitation>
transferred 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678C1C2DC743ECFE43" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[604,726,475,501]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678C1C2DC743ECFE43" box="[604,726,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678D2D2DC7428FFE43" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[877,949,475,501]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Voluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678D2D2DC7428FFE43" box="[877,949,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Voluta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and included several additional references, such as 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678EB72DE34089FDAF" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[247,435,511,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="2" refId="ref24888" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1764) Museum Ludovicae Ulricae Reginae Svecorum, Cothorum, Vandalorumque in quo Animalia Rariora, Exotica, Imprimis Insecta &amp; Conchilia Describuntur &amp; Determinatur Prodomi Istar Editum. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 6 (unnumbered) + 720 + 2 (unnumbered index) pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51532" type="journal article" year="1764">Linnaeus (1764)</bibRefCitation>
and others, but kept the reference to Bonanni (1681) and added 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678AF22DE3445CFDAF" author="Bonanni, F." box="[1202,1382,511,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refId="ref22068" refString="Bonanni, F. (1709) Musaeum Kirscherianum sive Musaeum A P. Athanasio Kirchero in Collegio Romano Societatis Jesu Jam Pridem Incoeptum Nuper Restitutum, Auctum, Descriptum, &amp; Iconibus Illustratum Excellentissimo Domino Francisco Mariae Ruspolo Antiquae Urbis Agyllinae Principi Oblatum. Georgii, Roma [Rome], 10 (unnumbered) + 522 pp., 3 + 73 (unnumbered) pls., 7 (unnumbered index) pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 120244" type="book" year="1709">Bonanni (1709)</bibRefCitation>
[the Kircher Museum catalog] both with a question mark, suggesting that 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678DEA2E3F456AFD8B" author="Gmelin, J. F." box="[938,1104,547,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="3021 - 3910" refId="ref23261" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linne Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species cum Characteribus, Differentis, Synonymus, Locis. 13 th Edition. Vol. 1. Part 6. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig], 889 pp. [3021 - 3910]." type="book chapter" year="1791">Gmelin (1791)</bibRefCitation>
was not sure the illustrations and descriptions by Bonanni (1681; 1709) fit his interpretation of this species. As a side note, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678AF32E5B44A6FDD7" author="Bonanni, F." box="[1203,1436,582,609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refId="ref22068" refString="Bonanni, F. (1709) Musaeum Kirscherianum sive Musaeum A P. Athanasio Kirchero in Collegio Romano Societatis Jesu Jam Pridem Incoeptum Nuper Restitutum, Auctum, Descriptum, &amp; Iconibus Illustratum Excellentissimo Domino Francisco Mariae Ruspolo Antiquae Urbis Agyllinae Principi Oblatum. Georgii, Roma [Rome], 10 (unnumbered) + 522 pp., 3 + 73 (unnumbered) pls., 7 (unnumbered index) pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 120244" type="book" year="1709">Bonanni (1709: 457)</bibRefCitation>
refers to the same shell (no. 143) as in Bonanni (1681) but with a somewhat different description: “Turbo white and rare, representing a snail shape, which many Spanish people call Garagoi [sic].” Other early illustrations attributed to this species by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678F232EAF40C1FD7B" author="Kiener, L. C." box="[355,507,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref24420" refString="Kiener, L. C. (1834) Genre Tornatelle. In: Species General et Iconographie des Coquilles Vivantes, Comprenant la Collection du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, la Collection Lamarck, celle du Prince Massena, (Appartenant Maintenant a M. Le Baron Benjamin Delessert), et les Decouvertes Recentes des Voyageurs. Famille des Ailees. Rousseau et Bailliere, Paris, pp. 1 - 6, pl. 1. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 39135" type="journal article" year="1834">Kiener (1834</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 1, fig. 2) and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678C872EAF425DFD7B" author="Reeve, L. A." box="[711,871,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="130 - 300" refId="ref25775" refString="Reeve, L. A. (1842 b) Conchologia Systematica, or Complete System of Conchology; in Which the Lepades and Conchiferous Mollusca are Described and Classified According to Their Natural Organization and Habits. Vol. 2. Longman, Brown, Green, &amp; Longman's, London 338 pp., pls. 130 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15996" type="book chapter" year="1842">Reeve (1842b</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 206, fig.7) represent a species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678B532EAF4474FD7A" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[1299,1358,691,716]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678B532EAF4474FD7A" box="[1299,1358,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Pupa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a characteristic white shell checkered with reddish, brown, or black square to oval patches, and irregular white pigment among some of the dark patches. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678C552EE7438DFCA3" author="Pilsbry, H. A." box="[533,695,763,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refId="ref25496" refString="Pilsbry, H. A. (1893) Manual of Conchology; Structural and Systematic. With Illustrations of the Species. Series 2. Vol. 15. Polyplacophora, (Chitons), Acanthochitidae, Cryptoplacidae and Appendix. Tectibranchiata. Conchiological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 436 pp., 61 pls." type="book" year="1893">Pilsbry (1893)</bibRefCitation>
described and figured shell specimens similar to those illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678EFD2F034067FC8F" author="Kiener, L. C." box="[189,349,799,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref24420" refString="Kiener, L. C. (1834) Genre Tornatelle. In: Species General et Iconographie des Coquilles Vivantes, Comprenant la Collection du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, la Collection Lamarck, celle du Prince Massena, (Appartenant Maintenant a M. Le Baron Benjamin Delessert), et les Decouvertes Recentes des Voyageurs. Famille des Ailees. Rousseau et Bailliere, Paris, pp. 1 - 6, pl. 1. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 39135" type="journal article" year="1834">Kiener (1834)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678FD92F03437BFC8F" author="Reeve, L. A." box="[409,577,799,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="130 - 300" refId="ref25775" refString="Reeve, L. A. (1842 b) Conchologia Systematica, or Complete System of Conchology; in Which the Lepades and Conchiferous Mollusca are Described and Classified According to Their Natural Organization and Habits. Vol. 2. Longman, Brown, Green, &amp; Longman's, London 338 pp., pls. 130 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15996" type="book chapter" year="1842">Reeve (1842b)</bibRefCitation>
and transferred 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678CBF2F034241FC8F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[767,891,799,825]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678CBF2F034241FC8F" box="[767,891,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678A5B2F034542FC8F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1051,1144,799,825]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678A5B2F034542FC8F" box="[1051,1144,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678AC92F034412FC8F" author="Dodge, H." box="[1161,1320,798,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="5 - 157" refId="ref22812" refString="Dodge, H. (1955) A historical review of the mollusks of Linnaeus. Part 3. The genera Bulla and Voluta of the class Gastropoda. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 107, 5 - 157." type="journal article" year="1955">Dodge (1955)</bibRefCitation>
placed 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678BC42F0341CBFCEB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678BC42F0341CBFCEB" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678FCA2F5F40FFFCEA" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[394,453,835,860]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678FCA2F5F40FFFCEA" box="[394,453,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Pupa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and provided a comprehensive discussion of the use of the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678AEF2F5F4413FCEB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1199,1321,835,861]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678AEF2F5F4413FCEB" box="[1199,1321,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the old literature, too lengthy to be included here. Recent illustrations of live animals (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678A082F7B45C7FC37" author="Rudman, W. B." box="[1096,1277,871,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refId="ref26267" refString="Rudman, W. B. (1998 a) Pupa solidula Linnaeus, 1758. Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from: http: // www. seaslugforum. net / factsheet / pupasoli / (accessed 24 June 2022)" type="url" year="1998">Rudman, 1998a</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678B492F7B44A2FC37" author="Herve, J. - F." box="[1289,1432,871,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refId="ref23774" refString="Herve, J. - F. (2010) Guide des Nudibranches de Nouvelle-Caledonie et Autres Opisthobranches. Ledru, Noumea, 404 pp." type="book" year="2010">Hervé, 2010</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678ED72F974045FC13" author="Gosliner, T. &amp; Valdes, A. &amp; Behrens, D. W." box="[151,383,907,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refId="ref23324" refString="Gosliner, T., Valdes, A. &amp; Behrens, D. W. (2018) Nudibranch and Sea Slug Identification: Indo-Pacific. New World Publications Inc., Jacksonville, Florida, 451 pp." type="book" year="2018">
Gosliner 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678EBF2F97400DFC13" box="[255,311,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018
</bibRefCitation>
) are also consistent with the usage of the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678DD52F974530FC13" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[917,1034,907,933]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678DD52F974530FC13" box="[917,1034,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">P. solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the references above, except that instead of white, the shells from 
<collectingCountry id="F37D761EFF8546678C482FB3438DFC7F" box="[520,695,943,969]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
specimens are orange-brown; this is due to the presence of sticky brownish-orange silt deposited on the shell surface (pers. obs.). Although the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678A752FCF4590FC5B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1077,1194,979,1005]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678A752FCF4590FC5B" box="[1077,1194,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">P. solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been consistently applied to the same species in the literature, the taxonomic status of the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678DB62FEB4551FBA7" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1014,1131,1015,1041]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678DB62FEB4551FBA7" box="[1014,1131,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">P. solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains unclear, due to the lack of information in the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678CEC2807427FFB83" author="Hanley, S." box="[684,837,1050,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refId="ref23532" refString="Hanley, S. (1855) Ipsa Linnaei Conchylia. The shells of Linnaeus, determined from his manuscripts and collection. Williams &amp; Norgate, London, 557 pp., 5 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11868" type="book" year="1855">Hanley, 1855</bibRefCitation>
) and it has been applied to different species early on (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678EDF2823400CFBEF" author="Dodge, H." box="[159,310,1086,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="5 - 157" refId="ref22812" refString="Dodge, H. (1955) A historical review of the mollusks of Linnaeus. Part 3. The genera Bulla and Voluta of the class Gastropoda. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 107, 5 - 157." type="journal article" year="1955">Dodge, 1955</bibRefCitation>
). In order to define this nominal taxon objectively, a specimen collected in 
<collectingCountry id="F37D761EFF8546678AC82823440CFBEF" box="[1160,1334,1087,1113]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(MNHN IM-2013-86152, isolate KF70) is here designated as the 
<typeStatus id="54D1882CFF8546678D54287F4257FBCB" box="[788,877,1123,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
in accordance with 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678A10287F45E4FBCB" author="ICZN" box="[1104,1246,1123,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refId="ref24004" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN (1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 75). The name-bearing type specimen (
<typeStatus id="54D1882CFF8546678FA4289B4371FB17" box="[484,587,1159,1185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
?) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678CC0289B43CEFB17" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[640,756,1159,1185]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678CC0289B43CEFB17" box="[640,756,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">P. solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is untraceable and probably lost. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678ABB289B44A6FB17" author="Hanley, S." box="[1275,1436,1158,1185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refId="ref23532" refString="Hanley, S. (1855) Ipsa Linnaei Conchylia. The shells of Linnaeus, determined from his manuscripts and collection. Williams &amp; Norgate, London, 557 pp., 5 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11868" type="book" year="1855">Hanley (1855)</bibRefCitation>
no shells in the “Linnean Cabinet” (Linnean Society of London) agree with the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678B5B28B744AFFB73" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1307,1429,1195,1221]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678B5B28B744AFFB73" box="[1307,1429,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Filippo Bonanni (or Buonanni), the author of the drawing upon which the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678A6128D345ADFB5F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1057,1175,1231,1257]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678A6128D345ADFB5F" box="[1057,1175,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">P. solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is based was an Italian Jesuit priest and shell collector, who was commissioned to reorganize the “Kircher Museum” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678AEF28EF445AFABB" author="Inglehart, A. J." box="[1199,1376,1267,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="45 - 58" refId="ref24031" refString="Inglehart, A. J. (2018) Filippo Bonanni and the Kircher Museum. In: Rosenberg, G. D. &amp; Clary, R. M. (Eds.), Museums at the Forefront of the History and Philosophy of Geology: History Made, History in the Making. Geological Society of America Special Paper 535. The Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 45 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1130 / 2018.2535 (04)" type="book chapter" year="2018">Inglehart, 2018</bibRefCitation>
). The specimen in question is cited in the catalogue of the “Kircher Museum” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678D90290B4541FA87" author="Bonanni, F." box="[976,1147,1303,1329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refId="ref22068" refString="Bonanni, F. (1709) Musaeum Kirscherianum sive Musaeum A P. Athanasio Kirchero in Collegio Romano Societatis Jesu Jam Pridem Incoeptum Nuper Restitutum, Auctum, Descriptum, &amp; Iconibus Illustratum Excellentissimo Domino Francisco Mariae Ruspolo Antiquae Urbis Agyllinae Principi Oblatum. Georgii, Roma [Rome], 10 (unnumbered) + 522 pp., 3 + 73 (unnumbered) pls., 7 (unnumbered index) pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 120244" type="book" year="1709">Bonanni, 1709</bibRefCitation>
), indicating it was part of the collection. However, the collections of the “Kircher Museum” were dispersed among various museums in Rome and other parts of 
<collectingCountry id="F37D761EFF8546678F22294340AFFACF" box="[354,405,1375,1401]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Italy</collectingCountry>
and numerous attempts to locate this specimen by contacting various scholars (M. Oliverio, P. Findlen, A. Inglehart) have failed. A box of shells and fossils from “Kircher Museum” is deposited at the Museo di Anatomia Comparata “Battista Grassi” in Rome, but none of the specimens in the box belongs to a species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678ED729D741E8FA52" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[151,210,1483,1508]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678ED729D741E8FA52" box="[151,210,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Pupa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(M. Oliverio, pers. comm.). It can only be assumed, with the available evidence that the original type material of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678EF629F34011F9BF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[182,299,1519,1545]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678EF629F34011F9BF" box="[182,299,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">P. solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is probably lost.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5368EFF8546678E872A0F421AF823" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
As mentioned above, R̂ding (1798) introduced the new name 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678DE42A0F457FF99B" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[932,1093,1555,1581]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="grisebla">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678DE42A0F457FF99B" box="[932,1093,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Pupa grisebla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R̂ding, 1798 for the species Gmelin (1971) referred to as 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678F9C2A2B43BFF9E7" authorityName="sensu Chemnitz" authorityYear="1787" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[476,645,1591,1617]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Voluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678F9C2A2B43BFF9E7" box="[476,645,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Voluta solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[= 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678CEB2A2B4528F9E7" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[683,1042,1590,1617]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678CEB2A2B427DF9E7" box="[683,839,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Pupa solidula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678D152A2B4533F9E7" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[853,1033,1590,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refId="ref24816" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1. Editio Decima, Reformata [10 th Revised Edition]. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
]. Therefore, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678ADF2A2B4406F9E7" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[1183,1340,1591,1617]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="grisebla">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678ADF2A2B4406F9E7" box="[1183,1340,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Pupa grisebla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R̂ding, 1798 is an unnecessary replacement name for 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678CE02A47422CF9C3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[672,790,1627,1653]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678CE02A47422CF9C3" box="[672,790,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">P. solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and therefore available (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678A6E2A474586F9C3" author="ICZN" box="[1070,1212,1627,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refId="ref24004" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Article 12.2.3), but an objective junior synonym of 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678FBC2A63439AF92F" box="[508,672,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678FBC2A6343A6F92F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[508,668,1663,1689]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">Pupa solidula</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Also, as mentioned above, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678D942A63458AF92F" author="Schumacher, C. F." box="[980,1200,1663,1689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refId="ref26509" refString="Schumacher, C. F. (1817) Essai d'un Nouveau Systeme des Habitations des Vers Testaces Avec XXII Planches. Schultz, Copenhagen, 2 (unnumbered) + 287 pp., 22 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35863" type="book" year="1817">Schumacher (1817)</bibRefCitation>
introduced the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678ED72ABF436BF90B" authority="Schumacher, 1817" authorityName="Schumacher" authorityYear="1817" box="[151,593,1699,1725]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Dactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678ED72ABF4049F90A" box="[151,371,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Dactylus punctatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678F3E2ABF436BF90B" author="Schumacher, C. F." box="[382,593,1699,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refId="ref26509" refString="Schumacher, C. F. (1817) Essai d'un Nouveau Systeme des Habitations des Vers Testaces Avec XXII Planches. Schultz, Copenhagen, 2 (unnumbered) + 287 pp., 22 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35863" type="book" year="1817">Schumacher, 1817</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
based on a short description and references to 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678AC22ABF41F5F957" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Bullidae" genus="Bulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678AC22ABF4419F90B" box="[1154,1315,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Bulla solidula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678B6F2ABF41F5F957" author="Linnaeus, C." pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refId="ref24816" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1. Editio Decima, Reformata [10 th Revised Edition]. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[= 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678EB72ADB40AEF957" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[247,404,1735,1761]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678EB72ADB40AEF957" box="[247,404,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Pupa solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678FEC2ADB451BF957" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758) sensu Chemnitz (1787" authorityName="sensu Chemnitz" authorityYear="1787" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[428,1057,1734,1761]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Voluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678FEC2ADB436FF957" box="[428,597,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Voluta solidula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678C252ADB422EF957" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[613,788,1734,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refId="ref24816" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1. Editio Decima, Reformata [10 th Revised Edition]. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [Stockholm], 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
) 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678D642ADB4258F956" box="[804,866,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678D2A2ADB451BF957" author="Chemnitz, J. H." box="[874,1057,1735,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref22376" refString="Chemnitz, J. H. (1787 - 1788) Neues Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet Fortgesetzt und Nun Vollendet, Bd. 10. Raspe, N ¸ rnberg [Nuremberg], 20 (unnumbered) + 376 + 31 pp., pls. 137 - 173. [Publication dates: pp. 1 - 376 (1788), pp. 1 - 31, pls. 137 - 173 (1787)]" type="book chapter" year="1787">Chemnitz (1787</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–88: 154–156, pl. 149, fig. 1405), which is consistent with the usage of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678C7D2AF743E3F8B3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[573,729,1771,1797]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678C7D2AF743E3F8B3" box="[573,729,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Pupa solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the non-binominal name “ 
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678A7E2AF744AAF8B3" box="[1086,1424,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678A7E2AF7459AF8B3" box="[1086,1184,1771,1797]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Auricula" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Auricula</taxonomicName>
Midae non fimbriata
</emphasis>
” (listed as “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678F4D2B1340EDF89E" box="[269,471,1807,1833]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Auricula" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678F4D2B1340EDF89E" box="[269,471,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Auricula punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”) described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678CC62B134261F89F" author="Martini, F. H. W." box="[646,859,1807,1833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="32 - 65" refId="ref25075" refString="Martini, F. H. W. (1773) Neues Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet Geordnet und Beschrieben und Unter Dessen Aufsicht Nach der Natur Gezeichnet und Mit Lebendigen Farben Erleuchtet. Bd. 2. Raspe, N ¸ rnberg [Nuremberg], 7 (unnumbered) + xvi + 362 pp., pls. 32 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 120021" type="book chapter" year="1773">Martini (1773: 124</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 43, figs. 440–441), which corresponds to 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678B152B1340B5F8FB" authority="Gmelin, 1791" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" genus="Voluta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678B152B1341D2F8FB" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Voluta sulcata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678EB22B2F40B5F8FB" author="Gmelin, J. F." box="[242,399,1843,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="3021 - 3910" refId="ref23261" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linne Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species cum Characteribus, Differentis, Synonymus, Locis. 13 th Edition. Vol. 1. Part 6. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig], 889 pp. [3021 - 3910]." type="book chapter" year="1791">Gmelin, 1791</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[= 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678FFD2B2F4369F8FB" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[445,595,1843,1869]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sulcata">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678FFD2B2F4369F8FB" box="[445,595,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Pupa sulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]. Because 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678C952B2F4252F8FA" authorityName="Schumacher" authorityYear="1817" box="[725,872,1843,1868]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Dactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678C952B2F4252F8FA" box="[725,872,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">D. punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be based on two different species, to prevent further confusion and fix the usage of the name, the 
<typeStatus id="54D1882CFF8546678D742B4B42B7F8C7" box="[820,909,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678DF12B4B4513F8C7" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[945,1065,1879,1905]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678DF12B4B4513F8C7" box="[945,1065,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here designated as the 
<typeStatus id="54D1882CFF8546678B042B4B44A7F8C7" box="[1348,1437,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678EF62B67407FF822" authorityName="Schumacher" authorityYear="1817" box="[182,325,1915,1940]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Dactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678EF62B67407FF822" box="[182,325,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">D. punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, fixing the synonymy of these two names.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5368EFF8546678E872B8344A7F86B" blockId="8.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678E872B834329F80F" authority="Kirk, 1882" authorityName="Kirk" authorityYear="1882" box="[199,531,1951,1977]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Buccinulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="huttoni">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678E872B8340ADF80F" box="[199,407,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Buccinulus huttoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678FDC2B834329F80F" author="Kirk, T. W." box="[412,531,1951,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="268 - 269" refId="ref24560" refString="Kirk, T. W. (1882) Additions to the list of New Zealand shells. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 14, 268 - 269." type="journal article" year="1882">Kirk, 1882</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was considered a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678D1F2B8342E8F80F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[863,978,1951,1977]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="solidula">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678D1F2B8342E8F80F" box="[863,978,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">P. solidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678DB72B83454CF80F" author="Beu, A. G." box="[1015,1142,1951,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="111 - 265" refId="ref21645" refString="Beu, A. G. (2004) Marine Mollusca of oxygen isotope stages of the last 2 million years in New Zealand. Part 1: Revised generic positions and recognition of warm-water and cool-water migrants. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 34, 111 - 265. [With an appendix: Age and correlation of Ototoka tephra by Alloway, B. V., Pillans, B. J., Naish, T. R. &amp; Westgate, J. A.] https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2004.9517766" type="journal article" year="2004">Beu (2004)</bibRefCitation>
, but the examination of the 
<typeStatus id="54D1882CFF8546678ED72BDF41C3F86B" box="[151,249,1987,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
suggests that 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678FD32BDF433AF86B" authorityName="Kirk" authorityYear="1882" box="[403,512,1987,2013]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Buccinulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="huttoni">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678FD32BDF433AF86B" box="[403,512,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">B. huttoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in fact a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D0DFF8546678D452BDF456DF86B" authority="(A. Adams, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="A. Adams" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[773,1111,1986,2013]" class="Gastropoda" family="Acteonidae" genus="Pupa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B91EEA9CFF8546678D452BDF42B6F86B" box="[773,908,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Pupa affinis</emphasis>
(A. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B7FFF8546678DFA2BDF4575F86B" author="Adams, A." box="[954,1103,1986,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" pagination="58 - 62" refId="ref21400" refString="Adams, A. (1855) Monographs of Actaeon and Solidula, two genera of gasteropodous Mollusca with descriptions of several new species from the Cumingian Collection. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1854, 58 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1854. tb 07231. x" type="journal article" year="1855">Adams, 1855</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(see remarks of this species).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>