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178 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3716507" ID-GBIF-Dataset="537947b6-ac91-43f9-9990-7c424660b3f1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179911610" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3716507" checkinTime="1584124410113" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Hilton, Eric J. & Lavoué, Sébastien" docDate="2018" docId="03C3878DFFF4B316FCBBF946234E4C0E" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.16.3.e180031.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7EA6CBAC9B92AC526D6A0354C904CC04.2:NeotropIchthyol.2014-2015.journal_article" docStyleId="7EA6CBAC9B92AC526D6A0354C904CC04" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2014-2015.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Pantodontidae Peters 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFFAFFF5FFFEB31AFFE1FF8821214A21" masterDocTitle="A review of the systematic biology of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes, Osteoglossomorpha (Actinopterygii: Teleostei)" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1643466504853" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of the systematic biology of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes, Osteoglossomorpha (Actinopterygii: Teleostei)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hilton, Eric J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lavoué, Sébastien</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-10-11</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>16</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>35</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1590/1982-0224-20180031</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">537947b6-ac91-43f9-9990-7c424660b3f1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3709903</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3716507" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179911610" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3716507" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C3878DFFF4B316FCBBF946234E4C0E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C3878DFFF4B316FCBBF946234E4C0E" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection box="[858,1031,1742,1766]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[820,1459,1742,1958]" box="[858,1031,1742,1766]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<heading box="[858,1024,1742,1766]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" box="[858,1024,1742,1766]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pantodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[858,1024,1742,1766]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pantodontidae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[820,1459,1742,1958]" lastBlockId="11.[813,1452,1560,1968]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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A single species comprising genetically differentiated allopatric populations,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="W.K.H.Peters" authorityYear="1876" box="[1232,1453,1774,1798]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pantodontidae" genus="Pantodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buchholzi">
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<emphasis box="[1232,1453,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pantodon buchholzi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the African butterfly fish, is classified in the family Pantodontidae (
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<bibRefCitation author="Nelson" box="[950,1169,1838,1862]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nelson" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref25896" refString="Nelson JS, Grande TC, Wilson MVH. Fishes of the world. 5 th ed. Hoboken (NJ): J. Wiley; 2016." type="book" year="2016">
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Nelson
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<emphasis box="[1038,1096,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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), although it is frequently included within the family
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1831" box="[1129,1290,1870,1894]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osteoglossidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Osteoglossidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis box="[1310,1342,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">e.g</emphasis>
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.,
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<bibRefCitation author="Taverne" firstAuthor="Taverne" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref28048" refString="Taverne L. Osteologie, phylogenese et systematique des teleosteens fossiles et actuels du super ordre des Osteoglossomorphes. Troisieme partie. Evolution des structures osteologiques et conclusions generales relatives a la phylogenese et a la systematique du super ordre. Acad Roy Belg Mem Cl Sci. 1979; 43 (3): 1 - 168. (Collection 8, Serie 2)" type="journal article" year="1979">Taverne, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Li, Wilson" box="[889,1086,1902,1926]" firstAuthor="Li" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="163 - 174" refId="ref24452" refString="Li G-Q, Wilson MVH. Phylogeny of Osteoglossomorpha. In: Stiassny MLJ, Parenti LR, Johnson GD, editors. Interrelationships of fishes. New York: Academic Press; 1996 a. p. 163 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1996" yearSuffix="a">Li, Wilson, 1996a</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hilton" box="[1098,1239,1902,1927]" firstAuthor="Hilton" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref22345" refString="Hilton EJ. Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha). Zool J Linn Soc [serial on the Internet]. 2003; 137 (1): 1 - 100. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1096 - 3642.2003.00032. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Hilton, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). This is a relatively small fish, with a strongly upturned mouth, flattened head, short dorsal and anal fins positioned far back on its body, a rounded caudal fin, large wing-like pectoral fins, and pelvic fins with an elongate fin rays (
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<figureCitation box="[463,545,1624,1648]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[136,175,1384,1408]" captionTargetBox="[136,1459,854,1368]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[136,1459,851,1371]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 12. Pantodontidae. Pantodon buchholzi (CU 87447). Scale bar = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3709930/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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). The head and pectoral fin has a superficial similarity to that of osteoglossines. Despite its similarity in some respects (
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<emphasis box="[596,627,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">e.g</emphasis>
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., infraorbital bones) to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nelson" authorityYear="1968" box="[238,402,1720,1744]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osteoglossidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Osteoglossinae">Osteoglossinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Nelson" box="[415,614,1720,1744]" firstAuthor="Nelson" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref25788" refString="Nelson GJ. Infraorbital bones and their bearing on the phylogeny and geography of osteoglosomorph fishes. Am Mus Novit. 1969; 2394: 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1969">Nelson (1969: 25)</bibRefCitation>
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observed that “the systematic position of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" baseAuthorityName="Hilton" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[431,535,1752,1776]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pantodontidae" genus="Pantodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[431,535,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pantodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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consequently is obscure.” This remains to be the case (see below). Part of the issue with the systematic placement of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" baseAuthorityName="Hilton" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[546,650,1816,1840]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pantodontidae" genus="Pantodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[546,650,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pantodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is that it is a highly derived taxon, with numerous autapomorphies as well as significant character conflict with other osteoglossomorphs. For instance, the absence of a symplectic is shared with Mormyroidea, whereas the absence of an autopalatine is shared with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1831" box="[970,1131,1560,1584]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osteoglossidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Osteoglossidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Moritz, Britz" box="[1146,1360,1560,1584]" firstAuthor="Moritz" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref25164" refString="Moritz T, Britz R. Ontogeny and homology of the basipterygoid articulation in Pantodon buchholzi (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha). Zool J Lin Soc [serial on the Internet]. 2005; 144: 1 - 13. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2005.00163. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Moritz, Britz, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). However, unlike those of osteoglossid conditions, the scales of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" baseAuthorityName="Hilton" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[813,917,1624,1648]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pantodontidae" genus="Pantodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[813,917,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pantodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lack reticulations (
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<emphasis box="[1124,1155,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">e.g</emphasis>
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.,
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<bibRefCitation author="Hilton" box="[1177,1316,1624,1648]" firstAuthor="Hilton" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref22345" refString="Hilton EJ. Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha). Zool J Linn Soc [serial on the Internet]. 2003; 137 (1): 1 - 100. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1096 - 3642.2003.00032. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Hilton, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 39) and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" baseAuthorityName="Hilton" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[813,917,1656,1680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pantodontidae" genus="Pantodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[813,917,1656,1680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pantodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has two gonads (
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<emphasis box="[1103,1171,1656,1679]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">versus</emphasis>
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one) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Britz" box="[1239,1365,1656,1680]" firstAuthor="Britz" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="209 - 24" refId="ref20175" refString="Britz R. Egg structure and larval development of Pantodon buchholzi (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha), with a review of data on reproduction and early life history in other osteoglossomorphs. Ichthyol Explor Freshw. 2004; 15 (3): 209 - 24." type="journal article" year="2004">Britz, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3709924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3709924/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[129,168,1415,1439]" targetBox="[129,1452,179,1399]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[129,1451,1415,1503]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,212,1415,1439]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
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†Phareodontinae.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[412,425,1416,1440]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">a</emphasis>
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. †
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<emphasis box="[453,629,1415,1439]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phareodus testis</emphasis>
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, Eocene, Wyoming, USA. (UMA F11332; scale bar = 2 cm).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1290,1305,1416,1440]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">b</emphasis>
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. †
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Woodward" authorityYear="1901" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osteoglossiformes (awaiting allocation)" genus="Brychaetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brychaetus muelleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(BMNH P3898; holotype; scale bar = 5 cm) and
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[745,763,1448,1472]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">c.</emphasis>
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†
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Woodward" authorityYear="1901" box="[784,999,1447,1471]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osteoglossiformes (awaiting allocation)" genus="Brychaetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
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<emphasis box="[784,999,1447,1471]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brychaetus muelleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(BMNH 1748; scale bar = 2 cm), Eocene, England.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[813,1452,1560,1968]" lastBlockId="12.[136,775,1463,1583]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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The skeletal anatomy of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" baseAuthorityName="Hilton" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[1129,1233,1688,1712]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pantodontidae" genus="Pantodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1129,1233,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pantodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been described and illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Taverne" box="[1013,1181,1720,1744]" firstAuthor="Taverne" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 213" refId="ref27979" refString="Taverne L. Osteologie, phylogenese, et systematique des teleosteens fossiles et actuels du super-ordre des osteoglossomorphes, deuxieme partie. Osteologie des genres Phareodus, Phareoides, Brychaetus, Musperia, Pantodon, Singida, Notopterus, Xenomystus et Papyrocranus. Acad Roy Belg Mem Cl Sci. 1978; 42 (6): 1 - 213. (Collection 8, Serie 2)." type="journal article" year="1978">Taverne (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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, and portions of its skeleton was illustrated and described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Hilton" box="[1251,1402,1752,1776]" firstAuthor="Hilton" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref22345" refString="Hilton EJ. Comparative osteology and phylogenetic systematics of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha). Zool J Linn Soc [serial on the Internet]. 2003; 137 (1): 1 - 100. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1096 - 3642.2003.00032. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Hilton (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Hilton, Britz" box="[813,1031,1784,1808]" firstAuthor="Hilton" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="219 - 237" refId="ref22408" refString="Hilton EJ, Britz R. The caudal skeleton of osteoglossomorph fishes, revisited: comparisons, homologies, and characters. In: Nelson JS, Schultze H-P, Wilson MVH, editors. Origin and phylogenetic interrelationships of teleosts. Munchen: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil; 2010. p. 219 - 237." type="book chapter" year="2010">Hilton, Britz (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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. In a study of its development,
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<bibRefCitation author="Moritz, Britz" firstAuthor="Moritz" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref25164" refString="Moritz T, Britz R. Ontogeny and homology of the basipterygoid articulation in Pantodon buchholzi (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha). Zool J Lin Soc [serial on the Internet]. 2005; 144: 1 - 13. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2005.00163. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Moritz, Britz (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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showed that the single dermal bone of the palatoquadrate in the adult of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" baseAuthorityName="Hilton" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[1087,1191,1848,1872]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pantodontidae" genus="Pantodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1087,1191,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pantodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is an ontogenetic fusion of the dermopalatine and ectopterygoid. They further conclude that the basipterygoid articulation found in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" baseAuthorityName="Hilton" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[1348,1452,1912,1936]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pantodontidae" genus="Pantodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1348,1452,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pantodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1831" baseAuthorityName="Moritz, Britz" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[857,1018,1944,1968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osteoglossidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Osteoglossidae</taxonomicName>
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is structurally homologous to that found in non-teleosts and a basal clupeomorph, and therefore is a character at a broader level of phylogeny than uniting a subgroup of osteoglossomorphs (
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<emphasis box="[458,490,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">e.g</emphasis>
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.,
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<bibRefCitation author="Greenwood" box="[512,771,1527,1551]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Greenwood" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="339 - 456" refId="ref21932" refString="Greenwood PH, Rosen DE, Weitzman SH, Myers GS. Phyletic studies of teleostean fishes, with a provisional classification of living forms. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 1966; 131 (4): 339 - 456." type="journal article" year="1966">
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Greenwood
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<emphasis box="[644,700,1527,1551]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1966
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Lauder, Liem" box="[136,349,1559,1583]" firstAuthor="Lauder" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="95 - 197" refId="ref23618" refString="Lauder GV, Liem KF. The evolution and interrelationships of the actinopterygian fishes. Bull Mus Comp Zool. 1983; 150 (3): 95 - 197." type="journal article" year="1983">Lauder, Liem, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Arratia, Schultze" box="[359,610,1559,1583]" firstAuthor="Arratia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref18812" refString="Arratia G, Schultze H-P. Palatoquadrate and its ossifications: Development and homology within osteichthyans. J Morphol [serial on the Internet]. 1991; 208 (1): 1 - 81. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 1052080102" type="journal article" year="1991">Arratia, Schultze, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
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|
</document> |