treatments-xml/data/03/C3/22/03C3225AFF86873ECC8250BFFD2FF89D.xml

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<mods:title id="F1E893FA2C5DD77E26BA1F035DF1C0F7">Orientocreadium elegans n. sp. and Orientocreadium pseudobagri Ya m a g u t i (Digenea: Orientocreadiidae), from freshwater fish of the Primorsky region (southern far east, Russia) with a description of their life cycles</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CAD6E22A027864EA6364F037E7F78A7A">Besprozvannykh, Vladimir V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7F651C4F1442AB926C7A2856EFCBC992">Ermolenko, Alexey V.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF86873CCC8250BFFDDCFAA0" blockId="1.[151,580,1256,1282]" box="[151,580,1256,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="D09D2420FF86873CCC8250BFFDDCFAA0" bold="true" box="[151,580,1256,1282]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF86873CCC8250BFFDDCFAA0" ID-CoL="7NK7T" authority="Yamaguti, 1958" authorityName="Yamaguti" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,580,1256,1282]" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF86873CCC8250BFFDDCFAA0" bold="true" box="[151,580,1256,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Orientocreadiidae Yamaguti, 1958</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF86873CCC825166FE27FACC" blockId="1.[151,580,1329,1390]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF86873CCC825166FDDCFAEA" authority="Yamaguti" authorityName="Yamaguti" box="[151,580,1329,1352]" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" genus="Orientocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF86873CCC825166FE41FAEA" box="[151,473,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Orientocreadium pseudobagri</emphasis>
Yamaguti
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13518FC9FF86873CCC8A5103FEB8FACC" box="[159,288,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="2.[151,260,1705,1729]" captionTargetBox="[171,1421,258,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,244,1680]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Orientocreadium pseudobagri from Perccottus glehni, adult, ventral view. B. Orientocreadium pseudobagri from Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, adult, ventral view. C. Orientocreadium elegans n. sp., holotype. D. Orientocreadium elegans n. sp., paratype. E. Cirrus sac of Orientocreadium pseudobagri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189375/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Figs. 1A, 1</figureCitation>
B, 1E, 2A, 3)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C370C0C7FF86873FCC8251C0FE98FF7A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF86873CCC8251C0FAADFA10" blockId="1.[151,1437,1431,2038]" box="[151,1333,1431,1458]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF86873CCC8251C0FEF9FA13" bold="true" box="[151,353,1431,1457]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Definitive hosts:</emphasis>
Osteichthyes— 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF86873CCE0851CFFC19FA10" box="[541,897,1432,1458]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Odontobutidae" genus="Perccottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glehni">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF86873CCE0851CFFD72FA13" box="[541,746,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Perccottus glehni</emphasis>
(Eleotridae)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF86873CCF9951CFFAA8FA10" box="[908,1328,1432,1458]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Eleotridae" genus="Pelteobadrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvidraco">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF86873CCF9951CFFB30FA13" box="[908,1192,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Pelteobadrus fulvidraco</emphasis>
(Bagridae)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF86873CCCD051E9FE6AFA7A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1431,2038]" box="[197,498,1470,1496]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF86873CCCD051E9FE0AFA7A" bold="true" box="[197,402,1470,1496]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Site of infection:</emphasis>
rectum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF86873CCCD051B2FD3AF9D1" blockId="1.[151,1437,1431,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF86873CCCD051B2FD7DFA5D" bold="true" box="[197,741,1509,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">
Adult description (
<tableCitation id="C6E8A6F7FF86873CCDA651B2FD8AFA5D" box="[435,530,1509,1535]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,809,833]" captionTargetBox="[151,1415,860,1989]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of adult specimens of Orientocreadium spp. (in Μm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF15C3C4FF81873BCC82577EFC7FFCE1" pageId="1" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="DF15C3C4FF81873BCC82577EFC7FFCE1">Table 1</tableCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13518FC9FF86873CCE3751B2FD14FA5D" box="[546,652,1509,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="2.[151,260,1705,1729]" captionTargetBox="[171,1421,258,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,244,1680]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Orientocreadium pseudobagri from Perccottus glehni, adult, ventral view. B. Orientocreadium pseudobagri from Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, adult, ventral view. C. Orientocreadium elegans n. sp., holotype. D. Orientocreadium elegans n. sp., paratype. E. Cirrus sac of Orientocreadium pseudobagri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189375/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
, B, E):
</emphasis>
Body spindle-shaped, ends attenuated. Tegument covered with spines. Oral sucker subterminal. Oral and ventral suckers equal size. Pharynx with cruciform indentation. Prepharynx and oesophagus well-developed. Intestine divides immediately anterior to ventral sucker; caeca 2, terminate blindly near posterior end of body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF86873CCCD052D7FB32F8AC" blockId="1.[151,1437,1431,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Testes 2, spherical or oval, along body midline. Cirrus-sac at level of ventral sucker. Seminal vesicle bipartite; external seminal vesicle large; internal seminal vesicle small. Cirrus tubular, with curved spines anteriorly. Genital atrium shallow, immediately anterior to ventral sucker. Genital pore median, anterior to ventral sucker, one third or slightly less of body length posterior to anterior body margin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF86873CCCD0534DFCC5F854" blockId="1.[151,1437,1431,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="23">Ovary single, entire, in midline or slightly right of midline, posterior to ventral sucker. Mehlis’ gland posterior to ovary, Laurer’s canal present. Uterus coiled, extends between ventral sucker and posterior margin of body; seminal receptacle uterine. Metraterm 12–20 long, lined with spines, opening into genital atrium. Eggs operculate, small 34–39 х 17–22. Vitellarium follicular, extends in lateral fields from level of ovary, or immediately anterior to ovary, to half way between posterior testis and posterior extremity of body, mostly continuous, fields do not extend to posterior margin of body.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF85873FCCD054CFFE98FF7A" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Excretory vesicle Y-shaped, anterior margin immediately posterior to posterior testis; excretory pore terminal.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF15C3C4FF85873FCC8252FEFBCEF8A4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189375/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[171,1421,258,1663]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF85873FCC8252FEFBCEF8A4" blockId="2.[151,1436,1705,1799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FCC8252FEFEDFF963" bold="true" box="[151,327,1705,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 1. A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF85873FCD5B52FDFD33F963" box="[334,683,1706,1729]" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" genus="Orientocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FCD5B52FDFD33F963" box="[334,683,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Orientocreadium pseudobagri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF85873FCEE652FDFC25F963" box="[755,957,1706,1729]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Odontobutidae" genus="Perccottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glehni">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FCEE652FDFC25F963" box="[755,957,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Perccottus glehni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult, ventral view. 
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FC8A352FEFB48F963" bold="true" box="[1206,1232,1705,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF85873FC8CD52FDFEBCF946" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" genus="Orientocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FC8CD52FDFEBCF946" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Orientocreadium pseudobagri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF85873FCD7E529AFDE7F946" box="[363,639,1741,1764]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bagridae" genus="Pelteobagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvidraco">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FCD7E529AFDE7F946" box="[363,639,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult, ventral view. 
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FCF67529BFC16F946" bold="true" box="[882,910,1740,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF85873FCF83529AFB2EF946" box="[918,1206,1741,1764]" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" genus="Orientocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="elegans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FCF83529AFB2EF946" box="[918,1206,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Orientocreadium elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22DF225FF85873FC8AB529BFB67F946" box="[1214,1279,1740,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FC8AB529BFB67F946" bold="true" box="[1214,1279,1740,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype. 
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FC994529BFA04F946" bold="true" box="[1409,1436,1740,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF85873FCC8252B8FE3DF8A4" box="[151,421,1775,1798]" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" genus="Orientocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="elegans" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FCC8252B8FE3DF8A4" box="[151,421,1775,1798]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Orientocreadium elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22DF225FF85873FCDB952B8FE70F8A5" box="[428,488,1775,1799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FCDB952B8FE70F8A5" bold="true" box="[428,488,1775,1799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype. 
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FCE4B52B8FDEFF8A5" bold="true" box="[606,631,1775,1799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">E.</emphasis>
Cirrus sac of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF85873FCF1952B8FBD7F8A4" box="[780,1103,1775,1798]" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" genus="Orientocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FCF1952B8FBD7F8A4" box="[780,1103,1775,1798]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Orientocreadium pseudobagri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C370C0C7FF85873ECCD05363FE4FFD20" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF85873ECCD05363FAEDFF5D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1844,2025]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1438,152,1855]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FCCD05363FED0F8EC" bold="true" box="[197,328,1844,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBEEBDFF85873FCD455363FDE4F8EC" author="Besprozvannykh" box="[336,636,1844,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="31" refString="Besprozvannykh, V. V. (1984) Life cycles of Orientocreadium pseudobagri Yamaguti, 1934 and Allocreadium baueri Spassky &amp; Roitman, 1960 (Trematoda) from fishes of Khanka lake. In: Mamaev, Y. L. (Ed), Parasites of animals and plants. Far East Science Centre Vladivostok, pp 71 - 76. (In Russian)" type="book chapter" year="1984">Besprozvannykh (1984)</bibRefCitation>
described some aspects of the life cycle of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF85873FC8B05362FAF4F8EC" box="[1189,1388,1844,1870]" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" genus="Orientocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<collectingCountry id="F37DD3DCFF85873FC8B05362FB22F8EC" box="[1189,1210,1845,1870]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FC8B05362FB22F8EC" box="[1189,1210,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">O</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FC8D95362FAF4F8EC" box="[1228,1388,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">pseudobagri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. He observed that in the Khanka Lake basin the first intermediate host is a range of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF85873FC871530CFB49F8D6" box="[1124,1233,1883,1908]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FC871530CFB49F8D6" box="[1124,1233,1883,1908]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Lymnaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., the second intermediate hosts are species of pulmonate gastropods and 3 species of fish and that the definitive host is the odontobutid fish 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF85873FCD7D53FEFE4CF860" box="[360,468,1961,1987]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Odontobutidae" genus="Perccottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glehni">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FCD7D53FEFEEFF860" box="[360,375,1961,1986]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FCD9D53FEFE4CF860" box="[392,468,1961,1986]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">glehni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It was later discovered that tadpoles and prosobranch gastropods (particularly 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF85873FCC825387FE6FF84B" box="[151,503,2000,2025]" class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Cipangopaludina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="2" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ussuriensis">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF85873FCC825387FE6FF84B" box="[151,503,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="24">Cipangopaludina ussuriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) were also viable second intermediate hosts of this parasite. The miracidium remains in the egg and the first intermediate host is infected passively when the eggs are eaten. Cercariae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECC8254E8FEC8FF7A" box="[151,336,191,216]" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" genus="Orientocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECC8254E8FEC8FF7A" box="[151,336,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<collectingCountry id="F37DD3DCFF84873ECC8254E8FF28FF7A" box="[151,176,191,216]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">O</collectingCountry>
. pseudobagri
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
actively penetrate the second intermediate host and form a cyst in muscle or on the external surface the body. In the wild, intensity of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECE6A54B2FCADFF5C" box="[639,821,229,254]" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" genus="Orientocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECE6A54B2FCADFF5C" box="[639,821,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<collectingCountry id="F37DD3DCFF84873ECE6A54B2FD0FFF5C" box="[639,663,229,254]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">O</collectingCountry>
. pseudobagri
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECF4E54B2FC59FF5C" box="[859,961,229,255]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Odontobutidae" genus="Perccottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glehni">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECF4E54B2FCF1FF5C" box="[859,873,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECF6D54B2FC59FF5C" box="[888,961,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">glehni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n=50) was (3–28), prevalence 70%.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF84873ECCD0555BFAE3FDAC" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
In the current study, six of 
<specimenCount id="9D6C58C5FF84873ECE04555BFD2EFE84" box="[529,694,268,294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECEF4555BFC07FE87" box="[737,927,268,293]" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" genus="Orientocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECEF4555BFC07FE87" box="[737,927,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<collectingCountry id="F37DD3DCFF84873ECEF4555BFD62FE87" box="[737,762,268,293]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">O</collectingCountry>
. pseudobagri
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECFFF555BFB1FFE87" box="[1002,1159,268,294]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Bagridae" genus="Pelteobagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvidraco">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECFFF555BFC61FE87" box="[1002,1017,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873EC81F555BFB1FFE87" box="[1034,1159,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">fulvidraco</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displayed a gap in the vitelline follicles at the level of the posterior testis. 
<collectingCountry id="F37DD3DCFF84873ECEEB5565FC87FEEE" box="[766,799,306,332]" name="American Samoa" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">As</collectingCountry>
summarized by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFBEEBDFF84873ECFF05565FB3FFEEE" author="Shimazu" box="[997,1191,306,332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Shimazu, T. (1990) Trematodes of the genus Orientocreadium (Digenea: Orientocreadiidae) from freshwater fishes of Japan, Zoological Science, 7, 933 - 938." type="journal article" year="1990">Shimazu (1990)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873EC8A15565FAF4FEE9" box="[1204,1388,306,331]" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" genus="Orientocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873EC8A15565FAF4FEE9" box="[1204,1388,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<collectingCountry id="F37DD3DCFF84873EC8A15565FB54FEE9" box="[1204,1228,306,331]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">O</collectingCountry>
. pseudobagri
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has vitelline follicles that do not reach the posterior end of the body, placing it in a group with 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873EC8F6550EFE91FE38" authority="Shimazu" authorityName="Shimazu" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" genus="Orientocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chaenogobii">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873EC8F6550EFA04FED0" box="[1251,1436,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<collectingCountry id="F37DD3DCFF84873EC8F6550EFB64FED0" box="[1251,1276,345,370]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">O</collectingCountry>
. chaenogobii
</emphasis>
Shimazu
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECD5955D7FC86FE38" authority="Bychowsky &amp; Dubinina" authorityName="Bychowsky &amp; Dubinina" box="[332,798,384,410]" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" genus="Orientocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="siluri">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECD5955D7FE25FE3B" box="[332,445,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<collectingCountry id="F37DD3DCFF84873ECD5955D7FEFFFE3B" box="[332,359,384,409]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">O</collectingCountry>
. siluri
</emphasis>
(Bychowsky &amp; Dubinina)
</taxonomicName>
to the exclusion of other 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873EC86E55D7FAC5FE3B" box="[1147,1373,384,409]" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" genus="Orientocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873EC86E55D7FAC5FE3B" box="[1147,1373,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Orientocreadium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECC8255F0FE6FFE62" box="[151,503,423,448]" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" genus="Orientocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="chaenogobii">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECC8255F0FE6FFE62" box="[151,503,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Orientocreadium chaenogobii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, has an oral sucker that is smaller than the ventral sucker and an ovary that lies proximal to the ventral sucker. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECE79559AFC49FE44" box="[620,977,461,486]" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" genus="Orientocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pseudobagri">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECE79559AFC49FE44" box="[620,977,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Orientocreadium pseudobagri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873EC901559AFAEEFE44" box="[1300,1398,461,486]" class="Trematoda" family="Orientocreadiidae" genus="Orientocreadium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="siluri">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873EC901559AFAEEFE44" box="[1300,1398,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<collectingCountry id="F37DD3DCFF84873EC901559AFAB4FE44" box="[1300,1324,461,486]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">O</collectingCountry>
. siluri
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by possessing spines on the cirrus and metraterm and the ovary being located in the posterior half of the body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF84873ECCD0564DFE4FFD20" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECCD0564DFD97FD96" bold="true" box="[197,527,538,564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">First intermediate hosts:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECE0D564DFA90FD96" authority="Kruglov, Starobogatov &amp; Zachvatkinin" authorityName="Kruglov, Starobogatov &amp; Zachvatkinin" box="[536,1288,538,564]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="schubinae">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECE0D564DFC97FD91" box="[536,783,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Lymnaea schubinae</emphasis>
Kruglov, Starobogatov &amp; Zachvatkinin
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873EC903564DFE8BFDF9" authority="Martens" authorityName="Martens" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coreana">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873EC903564DFA05FD91" box="[1302,1437,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">L. coreana</emphasis>
(Martens)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECD355616FC9EFDF9" authority="Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov" authorityName="Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov" box="[288,774,577,603]" class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Cipangopaludina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ussuriensis">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECD355616FE52FDF8" box="[288,458,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">L. ussuriensis</emphasis>
Kruglov &amp; Starobogatov
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECF015616FA04FDF9" authority="Kruglov, Moskvicheva &amp; Starobogatov" authorityName="Kruglov, Moskvicheva &amp; Starobogatov" box="[788,1436,577,603]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" genus="Lymnaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECF015616FC29FDF8" box="[788,945,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">L. amurensis</emphasis>
Kruglov, Moskvicheva &amp; Starobogatov
</taxonomicName>
(Gastropoda, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECD23563FFE53FD20" box="[310,459,616,642]" class="Gastropoda" family="Lymnaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Lymnaeidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C370C0C7FF84873ECCD056D9FD2FF89D" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF84873ECCD056D9FE13FD6D" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECCD056D9FEC0FD0A" bold="true" box="[197,344,654,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Localities:</emphasis>
Razdolnaja River basin, Khanka Lake basin, small nameless lakes and ponds near Vladivostok, 
<collectingCountry id="F37DD3DCFF84873ECD2056E2FE1FFD6D" box="[309,391,693,719]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Russia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF84873ECCD0568CFC5FFD54" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1855]" box="[197,967,731,758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECCD0568CFED2FD57" bold="true" box="[197,330,731,757]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Sporocyst:</emphasis>
sac-shaped, 0.36 х 0.16 mm, with terminal birth pore.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF84873ECCD05755FDCBFCBE" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1855]" box="[197,595,770,796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECCD05755FE0AFCBE" bold="true" box="[197,402,770,796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Site of infection:</emphasis>
digestive gland.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF84873ECCD0577FFEF8FB6C" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECCD0577FFE27FCE0" bold="true" box="[197,447,808,834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
Cercaria (
<figureCitation id="13518FC9FF84873ECD5C577FFE37FCE0" box="[329,431,808,834]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="4.[151,260,1895,1919]" captionTargetBox="[220,1339,199,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[210,1352,183,1861]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Cercaria of Orientocreadium pseudobagri from Lymnaea coreana, ventral view. B. Cercaria of Orientocreadium elegans n. sp. from Lymnaea coreana, ventral view. C. Metaercaria of Orientocreadium elegans n. sp. from Phoxinus lagowskii, ventral view. D. Metacercaria of Orientocreadium elegans n. sp. from Pseudorasbora parva, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189376/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
body oval, 210–240 × 90–110, with spines from anterior end to level of ventral sucker. Eyespots absent. Oral sucker 46–48 × 42–48, with stylet 19–21 × 2–3. Pharynx 16–21 × 13–19, preceded by prepharynx, anteceded by oesophagus; oesophagus shorter than prepharynx. Intestine bifurcates near anterior margin of ventral sucker; intestinal caeca short, terminating blindly near middle of ventral sucker. Three pairs of penetrating gland cells present on each side of ventral sucker; associated ducts opening at anterior of body, on each side of stylet. Ventral sucker 42–48 × 37–48, lies 100–120 from anterior end of body. Genital primordia located between ventral sucker and Y-shaped excretory bladder. Flame cell formula: 2[(3+3+3)+(3+3+3)]=36. Tail 160–165 х 21–27. Sensory apparatus (
<figureCitation id="13518FC9FF84873ECFD4506FFB91FBF0" box="[961,1033,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1366,1390]" captionTargetBox="[226,1319,186,1365]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1360,168,1415]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Arrangement of the sensillae of the cercaria of Orientocreadium pseudobagri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189377/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
): CI= 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873EC847506FFBEAFBF0" box="[1106,1138,1080,1106]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">1V</date>
1, 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873EC89C506FFB0EFBF0" box="[1161,1174,1080,1106]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">5</date>
V2, 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873EC8D1506FFB57FBF0" box="[1220,1231,1080,1106]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">1</date>
V; CII= 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873EC924506FFAC9FBF0" box="[1329,1361,1080,1106]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">1V</date>
1, 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873EC97C506FFAECFBF0" box="[1385,1396,1080,1106]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">1</date>
V2, 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873ECC825036FF3AFBD9" box="[151,162,1121,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">1</date>
V3, 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873ECCC75036FF44FBD9" box="[210,220,1121,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">1</date>
V4; CIII= 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873ECD455036FEEAFBD9" box="[336,370,1121,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">2V</date>
1, 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873ECD9F5036FE0FFBD9" box="[394,407,1121,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">3</date>
V2 (or 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873ECDFD5036FD94FBD9" box="[488,524,1121,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">2V</date>
1, 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873ECE365036FDA9FBD9" box="[547,561,1121,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">2</date>
V2, 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873ECE4B5036FDF4FBD9" box="[606,620,1121,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">2</date>
V 
<quantity id="4C923EA9FF84873ECE975026FD3DFBD9" box="[642,677,1121,1151]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
half of cercariae); CIV= 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873ECFC55036FC6DFBD9" box="[976,1013,1121,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">2V</date>
1, 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873EC8195036FB81FBD9" box="[1036,1049,1121,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">3</date>
V2, 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873EC8535036FBCCFBD9" box="[1094,1108,1121,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">4</date>
V3; St= 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873EC8BE5036FA90FBD9" box="[1195,1288,1121,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" value="1921-05-26">21–26V</date>
, 10D1, 4DL1 7D2, 5D3; AI=1– 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873ECD4850DCFEF4FB07" box="[349,364,1163,1189]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">2</date>
V, 4L, 1–2D; AII= 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873ECE4550DCFDE8FB07" box="[592,624,1163,1189]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">1V</date>
, 0–1D, 2L; AIII=1– 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873ECF7450DCFCE8FB07" box="[865,880,1163,1189]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">2</date>
V, 1L, 0–1D; M=0– 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873EC84A50DCFBF5FB07" box="[1119,1133,1163,1189]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">2</date>
V, 2–6D; PIII= 
<date id="FFD4B58CFF84873EC93650DCFADDFB07" box="[1315,1349,1163,1189]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">3V</date>
, 1–2D; S=9S1, 5S2; U=2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF84873ECCD05089FE7CFA34" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECCD05089FE42FB5A" bold="true" box="[197,474,1246,1272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Pattern of emergence:</emphasis>
Cercariae are shed from snails gradually throughout the day. Emergence does not occur at night. Released cercariae swim in various directions; then, after 3–4 hours, active swimming alternates with periods of immobility and settling on the bottom. The lifespan of cercariae in water is 16 hours at 20–22o C. Secondary intermediate hosts do not illicit changes in cercarial behaviour; cercariae appear to find hosts by random movement.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF84873ECCD051F5FA16F9F5" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECCD051F5FCDEFA1E" bold="true" box="[197,838,1442,1468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Second intermediate hosts (shown experimentally):</emphasis>
Gastropoda— 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECFE751F4FEA7FA41" authority="Starobogatov" authorityName="Starobogatov" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Helicorbis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sujfunensis">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECFE751F4FB60FA1E" box="[1010,1272,1443,1468]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Helicorbis sujfunensis</emphasis>
Starobogatov (Planorbidae)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECD59519EFD8AFA40" box="[332,530,1481,1506]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" genus="Physa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fontinalis">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECD59519EFD8AFA40" box="[332,530,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Physa fontinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) (
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECE4F519EFD56FA41" box="[602,718,1481,1507]" class="Gastropoda" family="Physidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Physidae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECEF1519EFA0FFA41" authority="Gerstfeldt" authorityName="Gerstfeldt" box="[740,1431,1481,1507]" class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Cipangopaludina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ussuriensis">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECEF1519EFBDFFA40" box="[740,1095,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Cipangopaludina ussuriensis</emphasis>
(Gerstfeldt) (Bellamyidae)
</taxonomicName>
; Bivalvia – 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECD3251A7FE3FF9A8" box="[295,423,1520,1546]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pisidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Veneroida" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pisidiidae</taxonomicName>
undescribed genus; Amphibia – 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECF4151A7FB0EF9A8" authority="Gunther" authorityName="Gunther" box="[852,1174,1520,1546]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dybowskii">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECF4151A7FBB8F9AB" box="[852,1056,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Rana dybowskii</emphasis>
Günther
</taxonomicName>
, juvenile (
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873EC90B51A7FA17F9A8" box="[1310,1423,1520,1546]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ranidae</taxonomicName>
); Osteichthyes – 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECD5A5240FCE8F992" authority="Dybowski" authorityName="Dybowski" box="[335,880,1558,1584]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Odontobutidae" genus="Perccottus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glehni">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECD5A5240FD87F992" box="[335,543,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Perccottus glehni</emphasis>
Dybowski (Odontobutidae)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECF695240FF64F9F5" authority="Temminck &amp; Schlegel" authorityName="Temminck &amp; Schlegel" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="carpio" subSpecies="haematopterus">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECF695240FB6EF992" box="[892,1270,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Cyprinus carpio haematopterus</emphasis>
Temminck &amp; Schlegel
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECD21526AFCA1F9F5" authority="Dybowski" authorityName="Dybowski" box="[308,825,1597,1623]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Phoxinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lagowskii">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECD21526AFD81F9F4" box="[308,537,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Phoxinus lagowskii</emphasis>
Dybowski (Cyprinidae)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C6AE8CFFF84873ECF50526AFA12F9F5" authority="Cantor" authorityName="Cantor" box="[837,1418,1597,1623]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cobitidae" genus="Misgurnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguillicaudatus">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECF50526AFB17F9F4" box="[837,1167,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Misgurnus anguillicaudatus</emphasis>
(Cantor) (Cobitidae)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF84873ECCD05234FC77F8BA" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECCD05234FEE4F9DF" bold="true" box="[197,380,1635,1661]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Metacercaria:</emphasis>
cyst oval, rarely spherical, 14–19 × 11–16, covered with spines. Oral sucker 39–42 × 58–64. Pharynx oval, 320 × 350, with cruciform indentation on terminal surface. Prepharynx and oesophagus well-developed. Caeca 2, blind, short. Ventral sucker rounded, 
<quantity id="4C923EA9FF84873ECF9552E6FC70F969" box="[896,1000,1713,1739]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6002000000000003" metricValueMax="1.6509999999999998" metricValueMin="1.5493999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="63.0" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="61.0">61–65 in</quantity>
diameter. Body anterior end with 10 glandular ducts; glands not observed. Excretory bladder containing granules. After second intermediate host penetration, cercaria loses stylet, stylet remains visible inside cyst cavity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD5934CFF84873ECCD05372FD2FF89D" blockId="3.[151,1438,152,1855]" box="[197,695,1829,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B91E4F5EFF84873ECCD05372FE0AF89D" bold="true" box="[197,402,1829,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Site of infection:</emphasis>
muscle and mesenteries.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>