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<document id="BE35281D62D85BFFC2D9B3ADA4CB0FAC" ID-CLB-Dataset="20711" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5099.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69f07912-2097-47e6-bc57-dfb7c4d8e70e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6036691" ID-ZooBank="934C6AE1-7C92-4889-8DEC-F3C31C8A060F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1644487360350" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sáfián, Szabolcs, Bayliss, Julian &amp; Congdon, T. Colin E." docDate="2022" docId="03BDF23BCB4B0E45EBAA1A9BFBD9F9AC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5099.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5099 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Iolaus uluguru Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FF848A43CB490E43EB3D1911FF9FFFA5" masterDocTitle="Description of four IolausHübner, 1819 species in the subgenus PhiliolausStempffer &amp; Bennett, 1958 from East Africa, assigned to the proposed I. maritimus species group (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae)" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="46" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1699308147107" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="9248289DFFB85796DA6E0C095F33002F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="4F7F69E529D604B5D69ED0947A3BD765">
<mods:title id="C7228F36964DD925BAC333F06B95FCDA">Description of four IolausHübner, 1819 species in the subgenus PhiliolausStempffer &amp; Bennett, 1958 from East Africa, assigned to the proposed I. maritimus species group (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="42E4575CC4A0A36349B58C8D346D6322" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2DE0F906434AB9CB225418BA8D2F0618">
<mods:roleTerm id="214680EBDCD853FA0A795EE844D3B07A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F0C9D64830A4C5926B21FAD91075417B">Sáfián, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="184FB612C9741354B57593A4708A4FC3" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0614-4203</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DAA8E683FCA2CEAEFA907BD4CD856ECA">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, 0800 Nairobi, Kenya. &amp; Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of Sopron, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky út 4. H 9400 Sopron, Hungary. Corresponding author. szsafian @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0614 - 4203</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D74CBDCADC90BF2E9A1EAA18B1C26A73" type="email">szsafian@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="DB58D802517DA4878E484E3712FC844D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="386881CCFC13470685764353F1B71CF0">
<mods:roleTerm id="F9EAEE1BDD3C1FB4ACE6059C31513B51">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E80AC71EDF0C1C76C91C9F0B6FAD1307">Bayliss, Julian</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="65720B4B42DB67F0FBA233C3CFAF01DC" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1480-294X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DB5070FDA8DAA7FD5FBA74221DEE7C1F">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, 0800 Nairobi, Kenya. &amp; Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX 3 0 BP, United Kingdom. jlbayliss @ yahoo. co. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1480 - 294 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="957EBC29DDB4D8FB79CE3FBF735C0698" type="email">jlbayliss@yahoo.co.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A6B68B16DB17C7404FDF31BB7DCEAC19" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AB28202870292B76E33DA43AE29953F4">
<mods:roleTerm id="05DF9816D74799BBAE35F5E7C3B3FDEF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="83D0CD331699C6B0BA9381CA4C0F2F71">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="257EE18D694C20EBE01DC6E64C20CCFB">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, 0800 Nairobi, Kenya.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="2E7E0B17178F6066BC6CB25A5BBC322E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="8069C621139778E8FFB3DBFBAAC699F9" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="B4E003C66A404F7CBC77CAA8A663CFA0">
<mods:title id="60CC43201628AE75823102D0DC95B0BD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="68F1C56A0C43369F2D68B6D814853F7D">
<mods:date id="56803659694B778281B96E7665D7E398">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="284533507F95EBECD4D5DF1935D6FFE4" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="338B154F251B53244B807CF565483177">2022-02-10</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="45F342A209DAC2776BF6015EA63D64B0" type="volume">
<mods:number id="5FB816C40EC6D6001363406CE5366BB1">5099</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="0C2C1FFA8DEB9ADB2E442D2CED59E904" type="issue">
<mods:number id="94660B8F449B282DEDD9D8CCF3AA308E">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="516563D041D6F982714CEB224A87CF7F">46</mods:start>
<mods:end id="855F737F79D4D2DFCEB6F4BBD74621D5">64</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="9C0B1D6CB33471629FD8C37890BCEC06">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="0D4B69BD82D7D140895442BAA69DF1AF" type="CLB-Dataset">20711</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D95E98EAD54ADEF5FA6CEE4A7D70F45C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5099.1.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A044270DC2EB70AF569A34E4CE50DA48" type="GBIF-Dataset">69f07912-2097-47e6-bc57-dfb7c4d8e70e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D46D919C559E2ED9DE4B568A6639C0C2" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="14ED63AEDB2B9E79A50F2A697F256D5D" type="Zenodo-Dep">6036691</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="41C2B61BEF866B438DFA35400151F08C" type="ZooBank">934C6AE1-7C92-4889-8DEC-F3C31C8A060F</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03BDF23BCB4B0E45EBAA1A9BFBD9F9AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6309100" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193331479" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6309100" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF23BCB4B0E45EBAA1A9BFBD9F9AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BDF23BCB4B0E45EBAA1A9BFBD9F9AC" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB4B0E41EBAA1A9BFD1FFC6C" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4B0E41EBAA1A9BFD94FC00" blockId="2.[151,640,906,969]" box="[151,523,906,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
<heading id="D0E3F441CB4B0E41EBAA1A9BFD94FC00" bold="true" box="[151,523,906,933]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4B0E41EBAA1A9BFD94FC00" bold="true" box="[151,523,906,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4B0E41EBAA1A9BFED1FC00" authority="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon, 2022" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,334,906,933]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4B0E41EBAA1A9BFED1FC00" bold="true" box="[151,334,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Iolaus uluguru</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2532244CB4B0E41EA6B1A9AFE2BFC00" box="[342,436,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Sáfián
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4B0E41EBAA1ABEFD1FFC6C" blockId="2.[151,640,906,969]" box="[151,640,942,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">FIGS.: 2B, E; 3B, E; 4B; 5B; 6B, E; 7B; 10</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB4B0E41EBAA1AE6FBC3FBD8" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4B0E41EBAA1AE6FC47FB90" blockId="2.[151,1437,1015,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4970CB4B0E41EBAA1AE6FC47FB90" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464449304" collectingDate="2013-03" collectionCode="MH, PW, ABRI" collectorName="Gen. &amp; Deposited" country="Tanzania" latitude="-7.1" location="Lukwangule Plateau" longLatPrecision="782" longitude="37.64" municipality="Uluguru" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="SAFI00369" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4B0E41EBAA1AE6FE92FBB4" bold="true" box="[151,269,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
<typeStatus id="54AFFD8FCB4B0E41EBAA1AE6FE97FBB4" box="[151,264,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1288A4CB4B0E41EA2E1AE6FEB7FBB4" box="[275,296,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB4B0E41EA101AE6FE21FBB4" box="[301,446,1015,1041]" name="Tanzania" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8ECB15F6CB4B0E41EAF41AE6FD30FBB4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF23BCB4B0E45EBAA1A9BFBD9F9AC:8ECB15F6CB4B0E41EAF41AE6FD30FBB4" box="[457,687,1015,1041]" country="Tanzania" latitude="-7.1" longLatPrecision="782" longitude="37.64" municipality="Uluguru" name="Lukwangule Plateau" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Lukwangule Plateau</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCFD957CB4B0E41E9871AE6FC88FBB4" box="[698,791,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Uluguru</collectingMunicipality>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2025EACB4B0E41E8201AE6FCF4FBB4" box="[797,875,1015,1041]" degrees="7.10" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" precision="555" value="-7.1">7.10°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2025EACB4B0E41E8481AE6FC4FFBB4" box="[885,976,1015,1041]" degrees="37.64" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" precision="555" value="37.64">37.64°E</geoCoordinate>
<date id="FFAA65EDCB4B0E41E8EB1AE6FBAAFBB4" box="[982,1077,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" value="2013-03">
<collectingDate id="EFEE9C05CB4B0E41E8EB1AE6FBAAFBB4" box="[982,1077,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" value="2013-03">III.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4B0E41EF031AE6FBF5FBB4" box="[1086,1130,1015,1041]" country="Switzerland" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">MH</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4B0E41EF4F1AE6FB03FBB4" box="[1138,1180,1015,1041]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">PW</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4B0E41EF9C1AE6FB7BFBB4" box="[1185,1252,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">ABRI</collectionCode>
coll.
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB4B0E41EE1D1AE6FAC9FBB4" box="[1312,1366,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Gen.</collectorName>
prep.:
<specimenCode id="DBB2EB56CB4B0E41EBAA1D0AFE82FB90" box="[151,285,1051,1077]" collectionCode="SAFI" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">SAFI00369</specimenCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4B0E41EA1B1D0AFEF6FB90" box="[294,361,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">ABRI</collectionCode>
unique number: ABRI-2019-3071.
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB4B0E41E9C71D0AFCF3FB90" box="[762,876,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Deposited</collectorName>
in
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4B0E41E8B01D0AFC4BFB90" box="[909,980,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">ABRI</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4B0E41EBFA1D2EFBC3FBD8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1015,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4970CB4B0E41EBFA1D2EFF52FBD8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464449306" collectingDate="2013-03" collectionCode="MH, PW, ABRI" collectorName="Gen." country="Tanzania" latitude="-7.1" location="Lukwangule Pleateau" longLatPrecision="782" longitude="37.64" municipality="Uluguru" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4B0E41EBFA1D2EFEA2FBFC" bold="true" box="[199,317,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
<typeStatus id="54AFFD8FCB4B0E41EBFA1D2EFEA7FBFC" box="[199,312,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1288A4CB4B0E41EA751D2EFEF4FBFC" box="[328,363,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB4B0E41EA4B1D2EFD98FBFC" box="[374,519,1087,1113]" name="Tanzania" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8ECB15F6CB4B0E41E92B1D2EFC90FBFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF23BCB4B0E45EBAA1A9BFBD9F9AC:8ECB15F6CB4B0E41E92B1D2EFC90FBFC" box="[534,783,1087,1113]" country="Tanzania" latitude="-7.1" longLatPrecision="782" longitude="37.64" municipality="Uluguru" name="Lukwangule Pleateau" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Lukwangule Pleateau</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCFD957CB4B0E41E8201D2EFCE5FBFC" box="[797,890,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Uluguru</collectingMunicipality>
<geoCoordinate id="EE2025EACB4B0E41E8B81D2EFC4CFBFC" box="[901,979,1087,1113]" degrees="7.10" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" precision="555" value="-7.1">7.10°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2025EACB4B0E41E8DE1D2EFBA1FBFC" box="[995,1086,1087,1113]" degrees="37.64" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" precision="555" value="37.64">37.64°E</geoCoordinate>
<date id="FFAA65EDCB4B0E41EF741D2EFB37FBFC" box="[1097,1192,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" value="2013-03">
<collectingDate id="EFEE9C05CB4B0E41EF741D2EFB37FBFC" box="[1097,1192,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" value="2013-03">III.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4B0E41EF8B1D2EFB7DFBFC" box="[1206,1250,1087,1113]" country="Switzerland" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">MH</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4B0E41EFD71D2EFA8BFBFC" box="[1258,1300,1087,1113]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">PW</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4B0E41EE231D2EFAFEFBFC" box="[1310,1377,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">ABRI</collectionCode>
coll.
<collectorName id="26E126FBCB4B0E41EBAA1D72FF52FBD8" box="[151,205,1123,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Gen.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4970CB4B0E41EBE91D72FE71FBD8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464449305" box="[212,494,1123,1149]" collectionCode="ABRI" country="Tanzania" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="SAFI00370" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
prep.:
<specimenCode id="DBB2EB56CB4B0E41EA261D72FE3EFBD8" box="[283,417,1123,1149]" collectionCode="SAFI" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">SAFI00370</specimenCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4B0E41EA961D72FE71FBD8" box="[427,494,1123,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">ABRI</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4970CB4B0E41EAC91D72FBC6FBD8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464449314" box="[500,1113,1123,1149]" collectionCode="ABRI" country="Tanzania" location="Deposited" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
unique number: ABRI-2019-3072.
<location id="8ECB15F6CB4B0E41E8431D72FC6FFBD8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF23BCB4B0E45EBAA1A9BFBD9F9AC:8ECB15F6CB4B0E41E8431D72FC6FFBD8" box="[894,1008,1123,1149]" country="Tanzania" name="Deposited" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Deposited</location>
in
<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB4B0E41EF2F1D72FBC6FBD8" box="[1042,1113,1123,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">ABRI</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB4B0E45EBFA1D97FEBEFD98" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4B0E41EBFA1D97FC44F9AC" blockId="2.[151,1437,1015,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4B0E41EBFA1D97FE27FB04" bold="true" box="[199,440,1158,1185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Description of male.</emphasis>
Forewing length:
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4B0E41E9BA1D96FD45FB04" box="[647,730,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
. Wingspan:
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4B0E41E8591D96FC29FB04" box="[868,950,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="36.0">36 mm</quantity>
. General appearance as males of other species in the subgenera
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4B0E41EAB31DBAFE64FB60" box="[398,507,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Argiolaus</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4B0E41E9081DBAFD37FB60" authorityName="Stempffer &amp; Bennett" authorityYear="1958" box="[565,680,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4B0E41E9081DBAFD37FB60" box="[565,680,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Philiolaus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with black ground colour overlaid by extensive iridescent blue on upperside, and dirty white underside with black and orange submarginal lines, two tails at the tip of veins 1 and 2, and a small kick at the tip of vein 3 on the hindwing. Upperside blue colour of royal blue tone with no greenish or silverish tinge. Slightly less than basal half of forewing covered with blue, except along costa, where black extends to base, leaving a moderately broad,
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4B0E41E9051C2BFD10FAF0" box="[568,655,1338,1365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
black costal margin. Black outer margin narrows down to
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4B0E41EE151C2BFAE0FAF0" box="[1320,1407,1338,1365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
in space 1b, before broadening to over
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4B0E41E9151C4EFDF7FADC" box="[552,616,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
at tornus. Outer edge of blue area strongly lobed in space 1b, only slightly in spaces 2, 3 with black veins separating the lobes. Majority of hindwing covered with blue, except dark grey space 1a, along black costa, and the moderately brown-black margin which tapers down to a
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4B0E41EF5A1CB6FB37FA64" box="[1127,1192,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide marginal line at tip of vein 3 broadening again slightly toward tornus. Androconia cover most of cell and upper part of wing to black costa, dark greasy grey-black with slightly lighter, well-defined oval heart.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4B0E41EBFA1F02FECAF878" blockId="2.[151,1437,1015,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
Tornal lobe dark claret red, speckled with few blue scales, with black margin. Underside dirty white, with slightly darker greyish tinge along forewing costa and very faint grey dusting along forewing and hindwing margin. Forewing with faint, straight orange submarginal line between veins 2 and 7 that keeps away from margin. Forewing androconial hair tuft beige. On hindwing, prominent orange-red inner submarginal line keeps strongly away from outer margin, reaching costa
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4B0E41EAD91FB3FDB8F918" box="[484,551,1698,1725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
from apex. Outer submarginal line absent. Tornal spot at the end of space 1a largely black, edged with claret-red and silvery-blue ring inwardly. That in space 2 red, very loosely connected to tornal end of orange submarginal line. Tails black with white edge. Fringes short along outer margin of forewing, on upperside black, longer, grey along inner edge. Fringes black on hindwing outer margin, replaced by longer whitish hairs along inner margin. Fringes grey on forewing underside, white on hindwing. Head, thorax and abdomen black with greyish hairs on upperside, covered by white hairs on thorax underneath, abdomen with yellowish overlay. Palpi black on top, white below, longer than twice the diameter of eyes. Eyes bald, brown and black mottled.Antennae black, speckled with tiny white dots underneath, only slightly thickened towards apex, their length shorter than half of forewing.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6B13A5CB4A0E40EBAA1FEAFCFAF8DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036695" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6036695" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036695/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" startId="3.[151,250,1787,1811]" targetBox="[166,1416,193,1746]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4A0E40EBAA1FEAFCFAF8DA" blockId="3.[151,1437,1787,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4A0E40EBAA1FEAFE92F8B6" bold="true" box="[151,269,1787,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. Male genitalia:
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4A0E40EA8A1FEDFD3FF8B7" authority="maritimus" authorityName="maritimus Stempffer &amp; Bennett" authorityYear="1958" box="[439,672,1787,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maritimus" subSpecies="maritimus">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4A0E40EA8A1FEDFD3FF8B7" box="[439,672,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">I. maritimus maritimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(redrawn from
<bibRefCitation id="EF853EDCCB4A0E40E8031FEAFBF3F8B6" author="Stempffer, H. &amp; Bennett, N. H." box="[830,1132,1787,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="1243 - 1347" refId="ref10936" refString="Stempffer, H. &amp; Bennett, N. H. (1958) Revision des genres appartenant au groupe des Iolaus (Lep. Lycaenidae). (Premiere Partie). Bulletin de la l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire, (A), 1243 - 1347." type="book chapter" year="1958">Stempffer &amp; Bennett’s (1958)</bibRefCitation>
original). Uncus, subunci and vinculum with triangular process or cingulum, as referred to by
<bibRefCitation id="EF853EDCCB4A0E40E8291E0EFBB2F892" author="Stempffer, H. &amp; Bennett, N. H." box="[788,1069,1823,1847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="1243 - 1347" refId="ref10936" refString="Stempffer, H. &amp; Bennett, N. H. (1958) Revision des genres appartenant au groupe des Iolaus (Lep. Lycaenidae). (Premiere Partie). Bulletin de la l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire, (A), 1243 - 1347." type="book chapter" year="1958">Stempffer &amp; Bennett (1958)</bibRefCitation>
—A, valvae and fultura inferior—B, aedeagus—C;
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4A0E40EA161E55FD8EF8FE" baseAuthorityName="Stempffer" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[299,529,1859,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maritimus" subSpecies="usambara">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4A0E40EA161E55FD8EF8FE" box="[299,529,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">I. maritimus usambara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(redrawn from
<bibRefCitation id="EF853EDCCB4A0E40E9931E52FCF0F8FE" author="Stempffer, H." box="[686,879,1859,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" pagination="88 - 101" refId="ref10847" refString="Stempffer, H. (1961) Complement a la revision des genres du groupe des Iolaus (Lep. Lycaenidae). Bulletin de la l'Institut Francaise d'Afrique Noire, (A), 88 - 101." type="book chapter" year="1961">Stempffer’s (1961)</bibRefCitation>
original). Uncus, subunci and vinculum with triangular process or cingulum—D, valvae and fultura inferior—E, aedeagus—F.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6B13A5CB4D0E47EBAA1E86FABDF85D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036699" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6036699" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036699/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" startId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[183,1404,201,1902]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4D0E47EBAA1E86FABDF85D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4D0E47EBAA1E86FE8BF80A" bold="true" box="[151,276,1943,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Males:
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4D0E47EA541E89FDCDF815" baseAuthorityName="Stempffer" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[361,594,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maritimus" subSpecies="usambara">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4D0E47EA541E89FDCDF815" box="[361,594,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">I. maritimus usambara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tanzania, Usambara) upperside—A, underside—D;
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4D0E47EF461E89FB7DF815" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[1147,1250,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4D0E47EF461E89FB7DF815" box="[1147,1250,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">I. uluguru</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotype) upperside—B, underside—E;
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4D0E47EAB01EADFE72F871" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[397,493,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4D0E47EAB01EADFE72F871" box="[397,493,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">I. collinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotype) upperside—C, underside—F;
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4D0E47E8B21EADFC71F871" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[911,1006,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4D0E47E8B21EADFC71F871" box="[911,1006,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">I. njombe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotype) upperside—G, underside—J;
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4D0E47EEB01EADFF76F852" authorityName="Heath" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stewarti">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4D0E47EEB01EADFF76F852" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">I. stewarti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Malawi, Nyika Plateau) upperside—H, underside—K;
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4D0E47E8181EF1FC17F85D" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[805,904,2016,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bundali">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4D0E47E8181EF1FC17F85D" box="[805,904,2016,2040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">I. bundali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotype) upperside—I, underside—L.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6B13A5CB4C0E46EBAA1CF2FE55F929" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036703" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6036703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036703/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" startId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" targetBox="[171,1418,191,1469]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4C0E46EBAA1CF2FE55F929" blockId="5.[151,1437,1507,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4C0E46EBAA1CF2FE8DFA59" bold="true" box="[151,274,1507,1532]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Male genitalia:
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4C0E46EA891CF5FD06FA59" baseAuthorityName="Stempffer" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[436,665,1508,1532]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maritimus" subSpecies="usambara">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4C0E46EA891CF5FD06FA59" box="[436,665,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">I. maritimus usambara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tanzania,
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4C0E46E8331CF5FC2EFA59" authority=", Gen." authorityName="Gen." box="[782,945,1508,1532]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Hypolimnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="usambara">Usambara, Gen.</taxonomicName>
prep.: SAFI00375) lateral view—A, aedeagus— D;
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4C0E46EB8A1F19FE82F985" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[183,285,1544,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4C0E46EB8A1F19FE82F985" box="[183,285,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">I. uluguru</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00369) lateral view—B, aedeagus—E;
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4C0E46E8EC1F19FBAEF985" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[977,1073,1544,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4C0E46E8EC1F19FBAEF985" box="[977,1073,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">I. collinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00359) lateral view—C, aedeagus—F;
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4C0E46EAEF1F3DFDAFF9E1" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[466,560,1580,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4C0E46EAEF1F3DFDAFF9E1" box="[466,560,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">I. njombe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tanzania, Njombe, Gen. prep.: SAFI00366) laterial view—G, aedeagus—J;
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4C0E46EE0A1F3DFA02F9E6" authorityName="Heath" authorityYear="1985" box="[1335,1437,1580,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stewarti">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4C0E46EE0A1F3DFA02F9E6" box="[1335,1437,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">I. stewarti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Malawi, Nyika Plateau, Gen. prep.: SAFI00210) lateral view—H, aedeagus—K;
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4C0E46E8EF1F41FBABF9CD" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[978,1076,1616,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bundali">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4C0E46E8EF1F41FBABF9CD" box="[978,1076,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">I. bundali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00212) lateral view—I, aedeagus—L.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4C0E46EBFA1FABFD54F8E5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1722,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4C0E46EBFA1FABFEE7F971" bold="true" box="[199,376,1722,1748]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
General morphology like those of other species in the group as described above. Valvae moderately broad, oblong, ending in short acute tip, lower edge of tip slightly serrated. Cingulum well developed, tonguelike, terminal cornutus on aedeagus narrow, curving gently downward, similar to inner one. Third cornutus short and strong protruding upwards from upper edge of tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4C0E45EBFA1E5BFEE3FE08" blockId="5.[151,1437,1722,2036]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,1545]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4C0E46EBFA1E5BFE4CF8C1" bold="true" box="[199,467,1866,1892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Description of female.</emphasis>
Forewing length:
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4C0E46E9941E5BFC8CF8C1" box="[681,787,1866,1892]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.17" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="21.7">21.7 mm</quantity>
. Wingspan:
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4C0E46E89F1E5BFB93F8C1" box="[930,1036,1866,1893]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="39.5">39.5 mm</quantity>
. General appearance as females of other species in the subgenera
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4C0E46EAD41E7FFDC9F82D" box="[489,598,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Argiolaus</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4C0E46E9B61E7FFD61F82D" authorityName="Stempffer &amp; Bennett" authorityYear="1958" box="[651,766,1902,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4C0E46E9B61E7FFD61F82D" box="[651,766,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Philiolaus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with black ground colour overlaid by blue, and orange spotting along outer margin on hindwing in spaces 1a, 2 and 3. Underside dirty white with black and/or orange-red submarginal lines and two tails at the tip of veins 1 and 2 and a small kick at the tip of vein 3 on hindwing. Blue colour of sky-blue tone, slightly darker towards the bases. The apical corner of the blue patch on forewing slightly lighter, whitish, but overlaid with blue scales. Less than half of forewing covered with blue basally, costa broadly black to base, with a small black indentation into the blue area at the end of discal cell. Outer edge of blue area evenly rounded. Basal half of hindwing covered with blue between vein 1 and 6, with a separate diffuse blue patch in space 6. Rest of costal area grey, except light blue basal spot. Black submarginal line formed by prominent lunules in spaces 2, 3 and 4, and a quadrangular darker spot in space 1b. Tornal lobe claret red, with black tip, not conjoint with the two osculant bright orange spots in spaces 1b and 2. Tails black, edged with white. Underside colour and pattern and body identical to those of male, except submarginal line on the forewing that appears to be black between veins 1 and 2, red beyond.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4F0E45EBFA18A6FEBEFD98" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EBFA18A6FE08FE75" bold="true" box="[199,407,438,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
Papillae analis small (&lt;
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4F0E45E98B18A6FD64FE74" box="[694,763,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
), weakly sclerotized, rounded. with dense hair, apophyses gently curving,
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4F0E45EA7718CAFE13FE50" box="[330,396,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long. Lamella antevaginalis strongly sclerotized, its terminal end bilobed anteriorly, ending in strongly sclerotized mouth of ductus. Ductus broad, one-third sclerotized, bursa copulatrix completely membranous, ovoid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB4F0E45EBFA1B57FD2FFBD8" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4F0E45EBFA1B57FD2FFBD8" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EBFA1B57FE50FDC5" bold="true" box="[199,463,582,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
The outer edge of the forewing blue patch is lobed in spaces 1b, 2 and
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB4F0E45EE3B1B56FAACFDC4" box="[1286,1331,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
males of
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45EBAA1B7AFE06FD20" baseAuthorityName="Stempffer" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[151,409,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maritimus" subSpecies="usambara">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EBAA1B7AFE06FD20" box="[151,409,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. maritimus usambara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45EAED1B7AFDDEFD20" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[464,577,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EAED1B7AFDDEFD20" box="[464,577,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. uluguru</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while in the newly described
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45E8A11B7AFB99FD20" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[924,1030,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45E8A11B7AFB99FD20" box="[924,1030,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. njombe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45EF021B7AFB36FD20" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[1087,1193,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EF021B7AFB36FD20" box="[1087,1193,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. collinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below), the blue patch is more evenly rounded (
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB4F0E45EAD61B9EFD31FD0C" box="[491,686,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,201,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[162,1426,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Males: I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara) upperside—A, underside—D; I. uluguru (holotype) upperside—B, underside—E; I. collinsi (holotype) upperside—C, underside—F; I. njombe (holotype) upperside—G, underside—J; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau) upperside—H, underside—K; I. bundali (holotype) upperside—I, underside—L." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036699" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036699/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Figs. 2A, B, C, G</figureCitation>
). Their forewing outer edge is almost straight with more acute apex, while it is convex and slightly rounded in
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45E9571BA2FD4CFD68" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[618,723,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45E9571BA2FD4CFD68" box="[618,723,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. njombe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45E8341BA2FCEDFD68" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[777,882,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45E8341BA2FCEDFD68" box="[777,882,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. collinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The hindwing black margin narrows down at the tip of vein 3 and broadens again towards tornus in all species in the group except in
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EF7B1BC6FB29FD54" box="[1094,1206,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45EF7B1BC6FB2DFD54" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[1094,1202,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">I. njombe</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
where the hindwing black margin is evenly broad with only little blue scaling in spaces 2 and 3. The underside submarginal line on the male is narrow, straight and short (stretches between veins 2 and 7) in
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45E8941A0EFB86FC9C" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[937,1049,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45E8941A0EFB86FC9C" box="[937,1049,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. uluguru</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, similarly short but gently curving in
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45EB881A52FEDFFCF9" authorityName="Stempffer &amp; Bennett" authorityYear="1958" box="[181,320,835,860]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritimus">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EB881A52FEDFFCF9" box="[181,320,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. maritimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, more prominent and longer (stretches between veins 1 and 7) with its tornal end curving inwards in
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45EB881A76FE29FC24" baseAuthorityName="Stempffer" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[181,438,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maritimus" subSpecies="usambara">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EB881A76FE29FC24" box="[181,438,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. maritimus usambara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and very faint and blackish in
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45E8211A76FC18FC24" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[796,903,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45E8211A76FC18FC24" box="[796,903,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. collinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB4F0E45E8AA1A76FBA4FC24" box="[919,1083,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,201,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[162,1426,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Males: I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara) upperside—A, underside—D; I. uluguru (holotype) upperside—B, underside—E; I. collinsi (holotype) upperside—C, underside—F; I. njombe (holotype) upperside—G, underside—J; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau) upperside—H, underside—K; I. bundali (holotype) upperside—I, underside—L." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036699" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036699/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Figs. 2D, E, F</figureCitation>
). On the forewing underside,
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45EEB11A76FF76FC00" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EEB11A76FF76FC00" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. njombe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a short, black cell-closing streak (
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB4F0E45E9A71A9AFD74FC00" box="[666,747,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,201,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[162,1426,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Males: I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara) upperside—A, underside—D; I. uluguru (holotype) upperside—B, underside—E; I. collinsi (holotype) upperside—C, underside—F; I. njombe (holotype) upperside—G, underside—J; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau) upperside—H, underside—K; I. bundali (holotype) upperside—I, underside—L." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036699" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036699/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
), missing from other species in the group. The lower edge of the tip of valvae in male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45E9051ABEFD36FC6C" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[568,681,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45E9051ABEFD36FC6C" box="[568,681,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. uluguru</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is finely serrated, compared to all other species in the group (
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB4F0E45EE591ABEFE82FC48" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,411,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-108@8.[166,1422,381,1913]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male genitalia (posterior view): I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara, Gen. prep.: SAFI00375)—A; I. uluguru (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00369)—B; I. collinsi (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00359)—C; I. njombe (Tanzania, Njombe)— D; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau, Gen. prep.: SAFI00210)—E; I. bundali (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00212)—F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036705/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Figs. 4A, B, C, D</figureCitation>
). The upperside of female differs from all other species in the group by the usual whitish apical corner of the forewing blue area completely overlaid by blue scaling, appearing only as a slightly lighter blue patch (
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB4F0E45EE051AE6FA0FFBB7" box="[1336,1424,1015,1042]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[168,1418,191,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-28@11.[151,1436,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Females: I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara) upperside—A, underside—D; I. uluguru (paratype, Tanzania, Uluguru Mountains) upperside—B, underside—E; I. collinsi (paratype, Mozambique, Mount Namuli) upperside—C, underside—F; I. njombe (paratype, Tanzania, Njombe) upperside—G, underside—J; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau) upperside—H, underside—K; I. bundali (paratype, Tanzania, Bundali Hills) upperside—I, underside—L." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036724/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). In female genitalia,
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45EA481D0AFE7AFB90" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[373,485,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EA481D0AFE7AFB90" box="[373,485,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. uluguru</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an almost evenly broad ductus bursae, while the ductus in
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45EFA31D0AFA03FB90" baseAuthorityName="Stempffer" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[1182,1436,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maritimus" subSpecies="usambara">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EFA31D0AFA03FB90" box="[1182,1436,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. maritimus usambara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
narrows down moderately. It narrows down even more strongly to a bottleneck before the mouth of bursa copulatrix in
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45EB891D72FE82FBD8" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[180,285,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinsi">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EB891D72FE82FBD8" box="[180,285,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. collinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45EA691D72FE22FBD8" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[340,445,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="njombe">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EA691D72FE22FBD8" box="[340,445,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. njombe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB4F0E45EAF01D72FDECFBD8" box="[461,627,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[294,1308,200,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[272,1316,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Female genitalia (lateral view): I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara, Gen. prep.: SAFI00376)—A; I. uluguru (paratype, Tanzania, Uluguru Mountains, Gen. prep.: SAFI00370)—B, I. collinsi (paratype, Mozambique, Mount Namuli, Gen. prep.: SAFI00360)—C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036730/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Figs. 7A, B, C</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB4F0E45E9421D72FD3CFBD8" box="[639,675,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[176,1412,205,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-28@13.[151,1436,181,1900]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Female genitalia (lateral view): I. bundali (paratype, Tanzania, Bundali Hills, Gen. prep.: SAFI00213)—A; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau, Gen. prep.: SAFI00211)—B; I. njombe (paratype, Tanzania, Njombe, Gen. prep.: SAFI00367)— C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036737/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">8C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB4F0E45EBFA1D97FBDBFB4C" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4F0E45EBFA1D97FBDBFB4C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EBFA1D97FE25FB05" bold="true" box="[199,442,1158,1185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Biology and habitat.</emphasis>
The habitat of
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45E95B1D96FD48FB04" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[614,727,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45E95B1D96FD48FB04" box="[614,727,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. uluguru</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is essentially montane forest. The species was bred on a Taxilloid mistletoe species
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45EAB31DBAFB51FB63" authority="(Engl.) Polhill &amp; Wiens" authorityName="Polhill &amp; Wiens" baseAuthorityName="Engl." box="[398,1230,1195,1222]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Phragmanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="usuiensis" subSpecies="sigensis">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EAB31DBAFC93FB61" box="[398,780,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Phragmanthera usuiensis sigensis</emphasis>
(Engl.) Polhill &amp; Wiens (Loranthaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, which parasitized forest trees on the edges of the Lukwangule Plateau in the southern part of Uluguru.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB4F0E45EBFA1DE2FCF9FA38" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4F0E45EBFA1DE2FCF9FA38" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EBFA1DE2FED1FAA8" bold="true" box="[199,334,1267,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named after the Uluguru Mountains, the
<typeStatus id="54AFFD8FCB4F0E45E8EE1DE2FB9CFAA8" box="[979,1027,1267,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45EFB41DE2FB64FAA8" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[1161,1275,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EFB41DE2FB64FAA8" box="[1161,1275,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. uluguru</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The Uluguru mountain range is part of the Eastern Arc Mountains in
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB4F0E45E8391C06FCF3FA94" box="[772,876,1303,1329]" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, an area of global conservation importance for the extremely high rate of endemism. The Uluguru Mountains are referred to as “one of the 10 most important tropical forest sites for conservation on the continent” (
<bibRefCitation id="EF853EDCCB4F0E45E9961C4EFC15FADC" author="Burgess, N. &amp; Doggart, N. &amp; Lovett, J. C." box="[683,906,1375,1401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" pagination="140 - 152" refId="ref10290" refString="Burgess, N., Doggart, N. &amp; Lovett, J. C. (2002) The Uluguru Mountains of eastern Tanzania: the effect of forest loss on biodiversity. Oryx, 36 (2), 140 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0030605302000212" type="journal article" year="2002">
Burgess
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45E8321C4EFCD7FADC" box="[783,840,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
) and we wish to further emphasize this importance with naming this new
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45EAEF1C92FD87FA38" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[466,536,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EAEF1C92FD87FA38" box="[466,536,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Iolaus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
after the Uluguru Mountains.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB4F0E45EBFA1CB7FBD9F9AC" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB4F0E45EBFA1CB7FBD9F9AC" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EBFA1CB7FED3FA65" bold="true" box="[199,332,1446,1472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45EA6F1CB6FE5EFA64" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[338,449,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45EA6F1CB6FE5EFA64" box="[338,449,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. uluguru</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the
<typeStatus id="54AFFD8FCB4F0E45E9F31CB6FD61FA64" box="[718,766,1447,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
locality, the Lukwangule Plateau in the Uluguru Mountains. It is possible that the species occurs in montane forest habitats in other parts of the Eastern Arc Mountains, but examination of further material is required to understand the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB4F0E45E8F21CFEFBA0F9AC" authorityName="Sáfián &amp; Bayliss &amp; Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[975,1087,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uluguru">
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB4F0E45E8F21CFEFBA0F9AC" box="[975,1087,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">I. uluguru</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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